Can these coexist?
http://faculty.haas.berkeley.edu/fenliang/Teaching/BA107/week3/17 http://bear.cba.ufl.edu/gungoraydinoglu/ECO%203703/downloads/34 http://www3.interscience.wiley.com:8100/lega cy/college/schermerhorn/047120367X/ppt/24

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What do we mean by culture?
How has globalization contributed to the formation of culture?
How is it leading to the destruction of culture?

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Cultural Tradition such as beliefs and language.
Sub-culture – retain some aspects of original culture plus adoption of new culture
Common ancestry
Internationalism and
International Culture?

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• cul·ture [kúlchər] n ( plural cul·tures )
1. the arts collectively: art, music, literature, and related intellectual activities
Culture is necessary for a healthy society. 2. knowledge and sophistication: enlightenment and sophistication acquired through education and exposure to the arts
They are people of culture. 3. shared beliefs and values of a group: the beliefs, customs, practices, and social behavior of a particular nation or people
Southeast Asian culture 4. people with shared beliefs and practices: a group of people whose shared beliefs and practices identify the particular place, class, or time to which they belong 5. shared attitudes: a particular set of attitudes that characterizes a group of people

What is culture?
 Culture is the learned, shared way of doing things in a particular society.
 Culture helps to define the boundaries between different groups and affect how their members relate to one another.

What is culture?
 Popular dimensions of culture include:
– Language.
– Time orientation.
– Use of space.
– Religion.

What is culture?
 Language.
– Perhaps the most visible aspect of culture.

What is culture?
 Time orientation.
– Polychronic cultures.
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• Circular view of time.
Does not create pressure for immediate action or performance.
• Emphasis on the present.
– Monochronic cultures.
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• Linear view of time.
Creates pressure for action and performance.
• Long-range goals and planning are important.

What is culture?
 Use of space.
– Proxemics.
• The study of how people use space to communicate.
• Reveals important cultural differences.
– Concept of personal space varies across cultures.
– Space is arranged differently in different cultures.

What is culture?
 Religion.
– A major element of culture.
– Can be a very visible aspect of culture.
– Often prescribes specific behavioral practices.
– Influences codes of ethics and moral behavior.
– Influences conduct of economic matters.

What is culture?
 Values and national culture.
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Cultures vary in underlying patterns of values and attitudes.
Hofstede’s five dimensions of national culture:
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• Power distance.
Uncertainty avoidance.
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• Individualism-collectivism.
Masculinity-femininity.
• Long-term/short-term orientation.

What is culture?
 Power distance.
– The willingness of a culture to accept status and power differences among members.
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Respect for hierarchy and rank in organizations.
Example of a high power distance culture —
Indonesia.
Example of a low power distance culture —
Sweden.

What is culture?
 Individualism-collectivism.
– The cultural tendency to emphasize individual or group interests.
– Preferences for working individually or in groups.
– Example of an individualistic culture — United
States.
– Example of a collectivist culture — Mexico.

What is culture?
 Masculinity-femininity.
– The tendency of a culture to value stereotypical masculine or feminine traits.
– Emphasizes competition/assertiveness versus interpersonal sensitivity/relationships.
– Example of a masculine culture — Japan.
– Example of a feminine culture — Thailand.

What is culture?
 Long-term/short-term orientation.
– The tendency of a culture to emphasize future-oriented values versus present-oriented values.
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Adoption of long-term or short-term performance horizons.
Example of a long-term orientation culture —
South Korea.
Example of a short-term orientation culture —
United States.

What is culture?
 Understanding cultural differences.
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Two problems in international dealings: parochialism and ethnocentrism.
Parochialism — assuming that the ways of one’s own culture are the only ways of doing things.
Ethnocentrism — assuming that the ways of one’s culture are the best ways of doing things.

• Homogenizing
• Differentiating
• Cultural imperialism
– Westernization
– Americanization
– Coca-colonization
– McDonaldization
• efficiency, predictability, claculability, &control
• Plural cultures, plural consumptions
• luxury goods?

• Two hunters are out in the woods when one of them collapses. He doesn't seem to be breathing and his eyes are glazed. The other guy takes out his phone and calls the emergency services.
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• He gasps: "My friend is dead! What can I do?"
The operator says: "Calm down, I can help.
First, let's make sure he's dead." There is a silence, then a gunshot is heard. Back on the phone, the guy says: "OK, now what?" http://archives.cnn.com/2002/TECH/science/10/03/joke.funniest/

Scope
Relation HYPERCULTURE: WHERE?
Compatibility Incompatibility
Global GLOBAL EXPATRIATE
Local
CREOLIZATION NOSTALGIA

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Why is food fundamental to many culture?
How did trade in food (and spices) lead to greater integration of cultures?
How and why is food a modern reflection of globalization?
How is food consumption a reflection of status, society and change?

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The original theory held that mariachi was derived from the French word for wedding - mariage, because of the type of music played at these events.
The only problem with this theory is that the music originates in a part of Mexico the French never visited and, even it they had, it began before their arrival in 1864.
Another theory states that the word comes from the indigenous name of the Pilla or Cirimo tree, whose wood is used to make guitars. If this were true then the word mariachi would be applied to the instrument itself and not to those who play it.
It has also been suggested that the name comes from a festival in honor of a virgin known as Maria H.
(mah-ree-ah AH-chay) at which musicians played and that over time they were given this name.
The truth is that no one knows where the name originated, but it is one which is associated with a great deal of prestige not only in Mexico, but around the world.

• Flamenco is the traditional song and dance of the Gypsies
(flamencos) of
Andalusia in southern
Spain. Developing over several centuries from
Gypsy, Moorish,
Andalusian, and other roots, flamenco music and dance entered polite society in the early 19th century as café entertainment.

• The morris or moorish dance was first brought into
England, as I take it, in
Edward III. time, when John of Gaunt returned from
Spain, where he had been
... This dance was usually performed abroad by an equal number of young men, who danced in their shirts with ribbons & little bells about their legs.

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How does religion shape culture?
Or does culture shape religion?
How has globalization influenced religion?

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Why are clothes a reflection of culture/ religion?
How and why are appearances becoming homogenized?
What drives these changes?

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Does it exist?
What does it look like?
What does it believe in?
What does it eat?
How does it dress?
How does it communicate?
What are its beliefs/ value systems?
What are the new global communities?

• im·pe·ri·al·ism [im p ree ə lìzzəm]
• 1. belief in empire-building: the policy of extending the rule or influence of a country over other countries or colonies 2. domination by an empire: the political, military, or economic domination of one country over another 3. takeover and domination: the extension of power or authority over others in the interests of domination