TIMBER FRAME/WALL
TIMBER FRAME/WALL
1.1
INTRODUCTION
-
The construction of a timber structure is a clean
and dry operation
The timber can be cut and assembled with
simple hand tools
It has adequate stability and strength to support
the loads
Environmental performance – sustainable,
renewable, natural
MODERN TIMBER
CONSTRUCTION
• Timber is used as a major structural material in a great variety
of building and civil engineering applications.
• Lightweight timber frame systems (based on structural timber,
engineered wood products and panels)
• single family; houses, multi-storey residential buildings.
• Large-scale timber systems may be used for industrial and
commercial buildings.
The anatomy of a typical timber frame small house
General advantages
• An environmentally friendly, easily recyclable
material.
• Timber has a low weight in relation to
strength, which is advantageous for transport,
erection and production.
• Low inertia forces.
• Wood has aesthetic qualities.
THE TIMBER FRAME
BUILDING CONCEPT
• Built up by a skeleton of timber joists and
studs, covered with panels fastened to the
wood elements.
• Plywood; fiber-board or chipboard, with
structural quality.
• Gypsum panels = fire resistances protection.
THE TIMBER FRAME
BUILDING CONCEPT (CONT’D)
Utilised for:
• • transfer of vertical loads,
• • stabilization of wind and earthquake loads,
• • physical separation,
• • fire separation,
• • sound insulation, and
• • thermal insulation.
THE TIMBER FRAME
BUILDING CONCEPT (CONT’D)
•
•
•
•
The factors governing the design of walls are,
in order of priority:
• fire resistance,
• horizontal stabilisation,
• sound insulation, and
• vertical loading.
THE TIMBER FRAME
BUILDING CONCEPT (CONT’D)
Design of floors, the most importantfactors are:
• • impact sound insulation,
• • vibration control,
• • simplicity in production, and
• • possibility for the installation of services.
TIMBER FRAME/WALL
1.2
ADVANTAGES OF TIMBER FRAME/WALL
a.
Strength & Stability
- Strength varies according to density of timber
and defects in timber such as knots, shakes,
wane and slope of the grain
- Stability depends on a stable foundation on
which a stable structure can be constructed
b.
Lightweight Construction
- Timber construction is lighter than masonry
construction
- Foundation can be designed to be smaller and
less wasteful of material
TIMBER FRAME/WALL
1.2
ADVANTAGES OF TIMBER FRAME/WALL (cont’d)
c.
Fast Construction
- Off-site prefabrication allows erection of
building faster
- The dry construction is fast and there is no
need to wait for wet trades to dry out
d.
Environmental Performance
- Timber is a natural and renewable material
e.
Durability
- Very durable to any weather condition
- Maintaining process can prolong the structure
exceeding 100 years
TIMBER FRAME/WALL
Compartment (Separating) wall junction with external wall
TIMBER FRAME/WALL
1.2
ADVANTAGES OF TIMBER FRAME/WALL (cont’d)
f.
Performance in Earthquake
- These tests were done at the University of
California, UBC and Kogakuin University in
Japan
- Results in table below:
TIMBER FRAME/WALL
1.1
ADVANTAGES OF TIMBER FRAME/WALL (cont’d)
TIMBER FRAME/WALL
1.3
DISADVANTAGES OF TIMBER FRAME/WALL
a.
Low Fire Resistance
- Timber is a combustible material
- ‘Fire Stop’ must be considered in design
b.
High Cost
- Cost for high quality timber is very expensive
since the supply for good timber is very limited
c.
Less Design Flexibility
- Design is limited and not flexible
TIMBER FRAME/WALL
1.4
TYPES OF TIMBER FRAME/WALL
1.4.1 Platform Frame
1.4.2 Balloon Frame
TIMBER FRAME/WALL
1.4
TYPES OF TIMBER FRAME/WALL
1.4.1 Platform Frame
- A load bearing wall system
- Employs prefabrication of frames
- Studs extend only from the top of one level
to the bottom of the next
- No firestops allocated in the design
- The completed floor can then be used a
working platform
- Only until six storey height
- Roof structure can only be assembled at the
final stage of construction, thus exposing works
to rain
TIMBER FRAME/WALL
1.4
TYPES OF TIMBER FRAME/WALL (cont’d)
a.
Platform Frame (cont’d)
TIMBER FRAME/WALL
1.4
TYPES OF TIMBER FRAME/WALL (cont’d)
a.
Platform Frame (cont’d)
TIMBER FRAME/WALL
1.4
TYPES OF TIMBER FRAME/WALL (cont’d)
1.4.2 Balloon Frame (cont’d)
- A load bearing wall system
- Employs prefabrication of frames
- Studs extend from the foundation to the
roof
- Firestops are required to close the cavities in
the wall against passage of fire
- Greater speed of fabrication and erection
- Only suited for use in two storey building
- Roof structure can be assembled right after
the studs are established
TIMBER FRAME/WALL
1.4
TYPES OF TIMBER FRAME/WALL (cont’d)
b.
Balloon Frame (cont’d)
TIMBER FRAME/WALL
1.4
TYPES OF TIMBER FRAME/WALL (cont’d)
b.
Balloon Frame (cont’d)
TIMBER FRAME/WALL
1.4
TYPES OF TIMBER FRAME/WALL (cont’d)
b.
Balloon Frame (cont’d)
TIMBER FRAME/WALL
1.5
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PLATFORM & BALLOON
FRAME
TIMBER FRAME/WALL
1.5
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PLATFORM & BALLOON
FRAME (cont’d)
PLATFORM FRAME
BALLOON FRAME
TIMBER FRAME/WALL
1.5
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PLATFORM & BALLOON
FRAME (cont’d)
TIMBER FRAME/WALL
1.6
METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION
TIMBER FRAME/WALL
-THE END-