The Roaring Twenties
1920’s
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Decade of prosperity, fun and wild living
Era of the “Jazz Age”
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New music
Fashion
Fads
Not ___________for everyone
Adjustment Period
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Most soldiers returned home 1919
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No steady ________ for veterans
No special _________ services
Few ________
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Employers got rich, but veterans did not
receive any $$
Wages did not cover the cost of _____
Workers Unrest
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Strikes: workers demand _________, better
____________________, ____________
_______ union leaders were more socialist
than East coast
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Socialist: political and economic system
where _________ and distribution are
________ owned for the benefit of all
members in society, people should have
more involvement in the government
Workers (cont.)

Western union leaders influence by
1917 revolution in Russia, Bolsheviks
set up a ____________ regime

Communism: means of production
and distribution were _________
owned, no private or individual
ownership
Workers Unrest (cont.)
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Western Labour Conference in March
1919 created One Big Union
One Big Union – represent all
Canadian __________ in one
organization
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Help workers establish more control of
industry government through
____________ means
Winnipeg General Strike
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May 1919: Winnipeg’s metal and building
workers walked off their jobs
Demanded higher wages, shorter work week,
right to ___________________
(negotiations between workers and
management)
Winnipeg was at a standstill: no firefighters,
postal workers, telephone or telegraph
services, newspapers, streetcars, bread/milk
deliveries
The Winnipeg General Strike
(cont.)

Business leaders, politicians industrialists
formed
_______________________________
_______________________________
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Committee believed that union leaders were trying
to overthrow the government
Government amended the
_____________________ to allow foreign born
union leaders to be deported
Special police, fired civic workers, strike leaders
arrested
Bloody Saturday

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June 21, 1919: union held parade to
protest
The mayor read the ____________
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a law declaring a grouping of more than 12
people to be unlawfully assembled
The protest turned violent; Royal North
West Mounted Police and special police
charged crowd
Strike Aftermath
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Seven arrested leaders were convicted
of _______________
Striking workers not rehired
Divisions between ___________ and
business class grew
Federalism
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Regionalism: concern of various different
___________ of the country with their own
_________ problems
Maritimes population is a small region
therefore they had ________ seats in
parliament
Oil replaced coal, yet Maritimes had coal
Formed _____________________________
Federalism/Regionalism (cont.)
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There were also regional challenges from Prairies and
Ontario
Farmers angered by _____________ because
tariffs/duties placed on foreign goods imported into
Canada
Farmers wanted __________________, abolish tariffs
and allow them to buy cheap machinery
1919 federal Thomas Crerar created the
________________________________________
Wanted a new National Party based on
_____________ and ownership of railways
1921 Election

MacKenzie King – leader of __________
party
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Arthur Meighen – leader of the
_________________
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Believed in the middle path
Believed in principles over compromise;
didn’t care if he offended anyone
Liberals elected 117 seats;
Conservatives 55 seats; Progressives 64
seats
1921 Election
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Liberals were a minority government
Progressive Party did not last very long
1926 – King challenged by the
Progressives to set up
_______________________
Act was passed in 1927: $240/yr
New Independence
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1922: King refused to support Britain when
they were invading ________________
1923: King insisted Canada be allowed to sign
an international treaty known as the
__________________________ without
British representative’s signature
1926: King challenged Britain's over its
influence on Canada’s internal politics known
as ___________________
Participated in _____________ Report
Review: King-Byng Crisis
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1925 Liberals had to seek Progressive Party support;
only had 101 seats, Conservatives had 116
Liberals lost Progressive Party support
because________________smuggling scandal.
Kings ministers were protecting the individuals and
even profiting off of the illegal liquor sales to the
United States
Conservatives called for a motion of censure
King asked Byng to dissolve parliament; Byng refused
Byng eventually forced to called an election
Sept 14, 1926, King won majority.
Halibut Treaty
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March 2, 1923
Canadian-American agreement concerning
_____________ in the Pacific Ocean
Halibut could not be caught in low season
Significance: _______ treaty Canada signed
on their own; Britain wanted to sign, but King
threatened to send an ___________
representative to Washington
Chanak Crisis
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September 1922 – Turkish ____________
were unhappy with loss of territory to Greece
Expelled Greeks from Smyrna in August 1922
Lloyd George reinforced British posts in
Chanak
King insisted that Canadian Parliament should
decide on the course of___________ the
country should follow
Balfour Report
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There was an Imperial Conference
(1926)

Dominions of the British Empire requested
__________________

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Autonomy: the freedom to govern themselves
Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa
A special committee under Lord Balfour
examined the request
Published the Balfour report
Balfour Report

Recommendations to allow for
autonomy became law in 1931 when
the ____________________ was
passed

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Statute formally turned the British Empire
into the ______________________
Canada now equal in status; entitled to
make its own laws
Balfour Report (cont.)
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Two Restrictions:

Canada’s constitution, the British North
America Act, remained in Britain, because
the Canadian federal and provincial
governments could not agree on an
______________________
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Procedure for changing the Canadian
Constitution
Judicial court of appeal for Canadians resided in
Britain until 1949
Economic Boom
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The 1920’s started in depression.
During the 1920’s the US started investing in
Canada’s economy.
US Companies set up ‘___________’ which
operated here but for American business
men.
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US enriched Canada’s economy by extracting or
harvesting raw materials (__________ resources)
Materials were transported to US for processing
and manufacturing (____________ resources)
Economic Boom (cont.)
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With the increase in employment and
economic prosperity few Canadians
questioned the __________ effects of
American involvement.
Economic Boom
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The 1920’s started in depression.
During the 1920’s the US started investing in
Canada’s economy.
US Companies set up ‘branch plants’ which
operated here but for American business
men.
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US enriched Canad’a economy by extracting or
harvesting raw materials (primary resources)
Materials were transported to US for processing
and manufacturing (secondary resources)
Bootlegging the Border

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The Women’s Christian Temperance
Union (WCTU) pushed prohibition into
legislation in Canada and the US.
By ____________ provincial
governments were overturning the
decision because of its unpopularity.
The US, however, enforced it until 1933.
Canadians sold illegal alcohol over the
border for about 10 years.
Prosperity = Urbanization
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With the new booming economy Canadians
were afforded more opportunities to enjoy
the luxuries of life.
_____________ were becoming affordable
and popular.
Telephone lines were becoming commonplace
for all houses in cities.
Professional sports were also increasing in
popularity.