Pondering the Abyss: - A Summary of Events
Date
March 1788
April 1788
22nd of April
1788
6th of June
1789
25th of June
1789
26th of June
1789
26th of June
1789
Late August
1790
December
1790
April 1791
24th of May
1791
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Event
(all land grants refer to the Hawkesbury)
Governor Phillip led two unsuccessful
expeditions into Broken Bay searching
for a river that led inland.
Governor Phillip led an overland
expedition to a high point where he could
see the Blue Mountains. He named the
ridge to the north of the Grose Valley the
Carmathen Hills, and the ridge to the
south the Landsdowne Hills. He named a
hill between these ridges Richmond Hill.
Governor Phillip led an expedition to
Bell Vue Hill (probably Prospect Hill)
from where he saw Richmond Hill.
Governor Phillip, on a third expedition to
Broken Bay, found the Hawkesbury
River and rowed 20 miles upstream.
Governor Phillip visited Rose Hill
regarding information of a river to the
west.
Governor Phillip undertook a second trip
up the Hawkesbury River, reaching
Richmond Hill and Yarramundi Falls.
Watkin Tench seeking a river to the
westward surveyed the wild abyss from
Prospect Hill. He discovered the Nepean
River near what is now Penrith.
From Rose Hill Watkin Tench made
another expedition to the north west
realising that the Hawkesbury and
Nepean Rivers were the same river.
Pemulwuy speared McEntire, leading to
two punitive expeditions.
Governor Phillip led an overland
expedition to Richmond Hill, meeting
Gomberee and Yellomundee on the way.
Natives were found on the banks in
several parts, many of whom were
labouring under the small - pox.
Tench and Dawes undertook another
expedition to Richmond Hill where they
met Deedorara.
1 of 42
Aboriginal
casualties
Settler
casualties
Last updated: 17/10/13
14th of
November
1792
February 1794
April 1794
May 1794
August 1794
August 1794
September
1794
October 1794
November
1794
December
1794
January 1795
January 1795
February 1795
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Magistrate Richard Atkins explored the
Nepean River and went north to what is
now Pugh’s lagoon.
Grose ordered muskets for the
Hawkesbury
Settlement commenced officially with 22
grants.
Aboriginal people gathered around farms
and fired on. One Aboriginal man killed.
Aboriginal people attempted to direct
settlers southwards.
There were seventy settlers on
Hawkesbury. A road was cut through to
the Hawkesbury.
Aboriginal lad shot by Robert Forrester
on Argyle Reach.
Aboriginal people sought revenge, settler
houses were plundered. Shadrack and
Akers, settlers upstream of Forrester were
wounded in an attack. This may have
been a case of mistaken identity. Seven
or eight Aboriginal people were killed in
a settler reprisal raid. Children taken after
parents killed. John Wilson living with
Aboriginal people.
Three grants of 90 acres.
John Macarthur carried out a perfunctory
examination into killing of Aboriginal lad
by Robert Forrester on his farm.
64 grantees received 1920 acres between
them on the Hawkesbury.
8 grantees received a total of 240 acres.
In 1794 there were 75 grants of 2250
acres.
Joseph Burdett killed on junction of
South Creek and East Creek in late 1794.
Early in the new year officers of the
NSW Corps visited the Hawkesbury,
probably exploring the real estate
potential of the area.
Atkin referred to the use of Aboriginal
lads to assist farmers prepare ground for
crops as slavery.
Store house built, Serjant Goodall and
six/ten privates sent to Hawkesbury to
disperse natives.
2 of 42
1 killed
1 killed
7-8 killed and 2 wounded
children
taken.
1 killed.
Last updated: 17/10/13
March 1795
May 1795
June 1795
July 1795
August 1795
September
1795
December
1795
January 1796
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John Wilson went to Port Stephens with
Charles Grimes, the surveyor.
One grant of 30 acres made.
Thomas Webb’s farm on the left bank of
Canning Reach was plundered and later
in the month Webb was speared.
Spear thrown at boat load of soldiers.
1 grant of 30 acres made.
There were 400 settlers on river.
Thomas Webb died. Wilson and Thorp
killed.
There are a number of contradictory
accounts of the fighting in June 1795.
What follows is a compilation of these
accounts. Large parties of Aboriginal
people were on farms. Two to three
whites were speared. Aboriginal attempts
at negotiation were rejected leading to
military expedition. Lieutenant Abbott
and sixty soldiers were sent to
Hawkesbury for the purpose of driving
the natives away.
At least 7-8 Aboriginal people were
killed and a number of men, women and
children were taken prisoner. William
Rowe and his child were killed and
Rowe’s wife wounded on their isolated
farm on the right bank of the River near
the current north Richmond bridge.
Another punitive expedition was sent out
after Rowe was killed.
34 grants of 885 acres.
25 grants of 700 acres.
27 grants of 730 acres.
In 1795 there were 87 grants of 2375
acres, most of which went to the officers
and men of the NSW Corps.
Aboriginal people plundered farms
around Addy’s Creek, resulting in
another punitive expedition. Four men
and one woman were killed, a child was
badly wounded and four males were
taken prisoner.
John Lacey was speared in a boat and
mortally wounded. Buried 24/01/96.
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7-8 killed and
a number
taken
prisoner.
1 died of
wounds.
2 killed.
2 killed and
I wounded.
5 killed, one
wounded and
4 prisoners
taken.
1 mortally
wounded.
Last updated: 17/10/13
13February
1796
February 1796
March 1796
June 1796
September
1796
December
1796
January 1797
January 1797
April 1797
May 1797
June 1797
October 1797
January 1798
February 1798
February 1798
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The two brothers of Patrick Hyndes were
speared to death on their farm at
Bushell’s Lagoon. These killings do not
appear in official documents.
Governor Hunter blamed settlers for their
problems. He gave orders against
fraternisation, ordered settlers to band
together. He recommended that Wilson
and Knight be secured to prevent them
assisting Aboriginal people in attacks on
farms.
Attack on boats at Portland Head.
Mrs Marsden had a six year old Native
boy in her care. After a while he took off.
Report of a man being killed. It was not
clear when or where this happened.
Two grants totalling 200 acres.
2 killed.
1 killed.
Nine grants of 270 acres.
Governor Hunter went up the
Hawkesbury. He stopped at where
Addy’s farm had been destroyed.
One grant of thirty acres.
Aboriginal people burnt a farm house and
a stack of wheat belonging to a settler
after having plundered him.
36 grants totalling 1245 acres.
Collins commented on the distress caused
by Aboriginal children returning to their
parents.
17 grants totalling 565 acres.
Hawkesbury boat taken and the crew (22-3 killed.
5) killed.
Attack on boat by Aboriginal people in
canoe, Aboriginal people killed.
6 grantees received a total of 141½ acres.
175 acres were granted to 7 grantees.
Attack on Prospect farms including
Tarlington’s farm. Little Charley,
McNamara, Major White, Little George,
Terribandy, Jemmy and thirty to forty
others made the attack. Redman, Collins
and Malong/Malloy/Malone were killed.
Tarlington and wife wounded. There
were no Aboriginal casualties.
4 of 42
2-5 killed.
3 killed,
two
wounded
(at
Prospect).
Last updated: 17/10/13
February 1798
February 1798
April 1798
April 1798
May 1798
October 1798
January 1799
March
1799
April 1799
August 1799
August 1799
August 1799
August 1799
August 1799
August 1799
Mid August
1799
Late August
1799
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Terribandy killed the man on the race
ground a few days after the attack on
Tarlington’s farm. Charley was present
and said Major White was involved.
David Brown wounded on his
Wilberforce farm.
5 grantees received a total of 130 acres.
Two convicts who stole horses from
Parramatta reported dead north of
Kurrajong. One was killed by Aboriginal
people and the other died from hunger.
In May 1798 there were two grants
totalling 95 acres.
Aboriginal man killed on race ground at
1 killed.
sometime between October 1798 and
1799.
one grant of 125 acres
Aboriginal people warned settlers of
approaching flood on Hawkesbury.
Two grants totalling 200 acres.
Seven grantees received a total of 270
acres.
William Fuller a Freeman lent Wimbow a
blanket.
Soldier called Cooper killed Aboriginal
2 killed.
woman and child.
Smallsalts attacked on Parramatta road.
Little Jemmy, Little George and a third
lad, possibly Charley were engaged to go
hunting with Hodgkinson. The three lads
absconded when they saw that Wimbow
was to accompany Hodgkinson.
Terribandy, the older brother of Little
Jemmy and father of the young woman
living with Wimbow, and Major White
took the place of the three lads. They
killed Hodgkinson and Wimbow at
Yellow Rock in the Grose Valley.
Major White speared Goodall, near Bella
Vista. Charley present.
1 killed.
1 wounded.
1 killed.
2 killed.
1 wounded
(near Bella
Vista).
Fuller saw the blanket he had lent
Wimbow on a Aboriginal woman, a
fortnight before murders known.
Lieutenant Hobby sent out a party to
recover bodies of Hodgkinson and
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Last updated: 17/10/13
Early
September
1799
7 September
1799
September
1799
September
1799
Wimbow. The party was led by a
serjeant, accompanied by Archer,
Freebody, Fuller, Metcalfe, and possibly
Timms.
Yellowgy talked to Archer. Yellowgowy
told Archer Major White and another
killed Hodgkinson and Wimbow. Archer
asked for Hodgkinson’s gun to be
returned.
Joseph Phelps reported to Corporal
Farrell at the barracks, 9:00 at night that
the natives involved in spearing Goodall
were on Burnes’ farm. Corporal Farrell, a
private and Phelps went to John Burnes
farm, on the left bank of South Creek,
upstream of Bladey’s and near where
Fairey Road bends to the south west.
Cappy shot and wounded while escaping.
Farrell and party including Lambe
escorted Charley to the Governor who
released Charley into custody of
Cummings. Shortly after he escaped.
William Blady’s farm plundered. Two
groups met Blady while he was out
hunting. Major White, Jemmy and
another were in one group. Major
Worgan, Charley and 12 others were in
the other group. They said they were
angry with the soldiers.
Little George, Little Jemmy and a third
lad who was probably not Charley went
to Forrester’s farm. Major Worgan
probably went with them as far as the
farm.
1 wounded, 1
taken
prisoner.
2 killed.
They meet Metcalfe and gave him
Hodgkinson’s gun.
Metcalfe took them into Forrester’s home
where Isabel Ramsay, Forrester’s partner,
was having dinner with their children.
Metcalfe went to widow Hodgkinson’s
with the musket and described the boys.
Metcalfe went onto see other settlers who
gathered in Forrester home.
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They quizzed the boys, tied them up and
took them outside. One of the boys called
out to other natives. Little George and
Little Jemmy were killed on Powell’s
farm. Widow Hodgkinson almost
certainly witnessed killings. Timms and
others buried the bodies.
th
19 September Mary Archer went to authorities and
1799:
reported the murders.
October 1799: 13 grantees received a total of 996 acres.
14-17th
Trial of Powell, Freebody, Metcalfe,
October 1799: Timms and Butler for murder of Little
George and Little Jemmy.
In the evidence Lieutenant Hobby said
two whites and two natives killed since
August.
John Francis Molloy, appointed to act as
surgeon. In four and a half years 9179599) he knew of 26 whites being killed
and 13 wounded.
Braithwaite had been on Hawkesbury for
12months. In that time four men killed,
and Goodall wounded. About five natives
killed in that time, including one shot by
his servant after being attacked over a
kangaroo. The others were the mother
and child killed by Private Cooper and
Little George and Little Jemmy.
November
1799:
December
1799:
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The officers of the court were split in
their judgement. The naval officers found
the men guilty and recommended
corporal punishment. The NSW Corps
officers recommended that the case be
referred to higher authority in England.
This was done and the only punishment
was that Powell lost his position as
special constable.
six grants totalling 725 acres.
In the evidence Lieutenant
Hobby said two whites and
two natives killed since
August.
John Francis Molloy,
appointed to act as surgeon.
In four and a half years
91795-99) he knew of 26
whites being killed and 13
wounded.
Braithwaite had been on
Hawkesbury for 12months.
In that time four men killed,
and Goodall wounded.
About five natives killed in
that time, including one shot
by his servant after being
attacked over a kangaroo.
The others were the mother
and child killed by Private
Cooper and Little George
and Little Jemmy.
six grantees received 315 acres.
7 of 42
Last updated: 17/10/13
1799:
January 1800:
In 1799 there were thirty five grantees
receiving a total of 2631 acres.
90 acres were granted to 3 grantees.
March 1800:
April 1800:
12 grants totalling 580 acres were made.
2 grants were made with a total of 65
acres.
June 1800:
310 acres were granted to 4 applicants.
1800:
In 1800, 1,045 acres were granted to 21
individuals.
th
14 November … the natives have been exceedingly
1801:
troublesome and annoying …
November
Samuel Marsden arrested Caley’s
1801:
assigned servant who refused to conduct
a large party of soldiers and others for to
apprehend the natives by force in the
night. In the argument with Caley that
followed, Marsden said that there never
would be any good done, until there was
a clear riddance of the natives.
December
Travellers on the Hawkesbury Road
1801:
banded together as protection against
Aboriginal attacks.
March 1802:
1,322 acres were granted to 14
applicants.
September
12 individuals received grants totaling
1802:
624¼ acres.
October 1802: 1 supplicant received a grant of 35 acres.
1802:
In 1802, 27 grants were made with a total
of 1,981¼ acres.
1803:
Beginning of a drought.
1803:
Coromandel settlers established around
Portland Head.
February
Of 15 convict escapees, a number were
1803:
turned in to the authorities by Aboriginal
people and two were apprehended asleep
near an Aboriginal camp between the
Hawkesbury and the mountains.
April 1803:
Governor King granted 2,265 acres to 18
individuals in the Hawkesbury.
7th May 1803
A settler and some Aboriginal people
hunting kangaroos on the right bank of
the River at Yarramundi Falls found John
Place, the lone survivor of a party of
convicts who attempted to find a way to
China over the Blue Mountains.
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8 of 42
Last updated: 17/10/13
9th May 1803:
May 1803:
June 1803:
July 1803:
December
1803:
August 1803:
1803:
April 1804:
May 1804:
June 1804:
May 1804:
31st May
1804:
10-11th June
1804:
10th June
1804:
10-11th June
1804:
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In his despatch to Lord Hobart, Governor
King claimed
 that the contents of Hobart’s despatch
regarding the trial were well received
by Aboriginal people
 that Aboriginal people in the
Hawkesbury were much attached to
the settlers, and
 had assisted in the capture of escaped
convicts.
560 acres were granted to 6 individuals at
Mulgrave.
1 grant of 200 acres was made on the
Hawkesbury.
1 person received a grant of 140 acres.
The Gazette reported that Aboriginal
people on Milkmaid Reach, now Bathurst
Reach, burnt to death a Aboriginal man
who had been badly injured while
climbing a tree to catch a cockatoo for a
white man.
1430 acres were granted to 15 people.
41 grantees received grants on the
Hawkesbury totalling 4,595 acres.
One grant of 300 acres.
One grant of 100 acres.
Seven grants totalling 1,050 acres.
Gazette reported attacks on the Sackville
Reach farm of Matthew Everingham and
John Howe’s farm on Swallow Rock
Reach. Everingham, his wife, servant and
Howe were wounded.
The Governor sent troops to Magistrate
Arndell with orders for constables and
settlers to support Portland Head settlers.
Forty to Fifty Aboriginal people sought
shelter on the farm of a Richmond Hill
settler.
An unnamed European speared (it is not
possible to determine the location or
whether the person was wounded or
killed).
Seven settlers purportedly pursued 40-50
warriors who had plundered farms. After
encountering a group of 250 warriors
they were able to recover some plunder
9 of 42
1 killed.
4 wounded.
1 wounded
or killed
Last updated: 17/10/13
th
15-16 June
1804:
18th June
1804:
19th June
1804:
20th June
1804:
July 1804:
August 1804:
14th December
1804:
September
1804:
September
1804:
2nd December
1804:
Pta_10
and successfully retreat.
Aboriginal people robbed the farms of
Bingham and Smith (probably at Portland
Head), speared John Wilkin and burnt the
farms of Cuddie and Crumby on South
Creek at what is now Llandilo. Joseph
Kennedy on the Upper Crescent Reach
fired on Aboriginal people taking corn
from his fields.
A party of the NSW Corps active in the
Hawkesbury.
Major White and Terribandy killed by
2 killed.
NSW Corps on the farm of a Richmond
Hill settler.
Magistrates Marsden and Arndell gave
gifts to the Richmond Hill chiefs,
Yaragowby and Yaramandy and called an
end to the current mischiefs.
Fifteen grants totalling 2079¾ acres
made in the Hawkesbury.
Fifty one individuals received grants of
7,225 acres in the Hawkesbury and
20,830 acres set aside for Commons.
In his despatch to Lord Hobart, Governor
King blamed the violent branch natives
who took the settlers crops for provoking
the current violence (he did not address
his extension of settlement into the lower
reaches of the Hawkesbury). He
contrasted their behaviour with the
domesticated Richmond Hill natives. His
despatch carried the implication that
Terribandy and Major White were branch
natives, which was unlikely.
Michael Young rescued from Aboriginal
people on the Hawkesbury Road by a
mounted officer.
William Knight, a settler on Boston’s
Reach now known as Cumberland Reach,
was imprisoned for a month for forging
six signatures on a memorial requesting
permission to fire on natives stealing
crops.
James Bath, an Aboriginal boy, raised by
settlers after his parents were killed in a
1794 corn field raid, died of dysentery.
10 of 42
1 killed.
Last updated: 17/10/13
20th December
1804:
20th January
1805:
31st February
1805:
31st March
1805:
7th April 1805:
April 1805:
17th April
1805:
27th April
1805:
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In his despatch to Lord Hobart, Governor
King claimed he halted settlement on the
lower Hawkesbury in response to
Aboriginal requests for some land to be
left to them. The reality was that little
arable land was left. In 1804, apart from
20,830 acres allocated to commons,
Governor King made grants to 75
individuals totalling 10,335 acres.
An Aboriginal man opined that after
death he might come back as a white man
with the implication that this would not
necessarily be a good thing. The same
newspaper article reported that
Aboriginal men were going to sea but
returning to their traditional life on
return.
Thomas Brown placed on gaol gang for
striking a native.
John Kenny claimed unsuccessfully that
fires which destroyed a neighbour’s crops
had been lit by Aboriginal people.
Goguey was reported as going to the
Hawkesbury to participate in a ritual
punishment. More likely he was going to
seek the assistance of Hawkesbury
warriors in an attack on the Cow
Pastures.
Jack, an Aboriginal crewman, returned to
Sydney from the wreck of the Nancy
bringing with him the goods he had
salvaged.
Branch Jack led an attack on John
Llewellen’s farm on the Lower Half
Moon Reach. Llewellen was killed, his
servant wounded and Llewellen’s musket
was taken. Adlam and his servant died in
his farm house on Upper Half Moon
Reach. Armed boats sent down the river
in response.
General Orders issued distributing NSW
Corps soldiers to the farms and outlying
settlements. Natives were banned from
approaching farms and settlers were
ordered to co-operate to repel natives
approaching farms.
11 of 42
3 killed, 1
wounded.
Last updated: 17/10/13
28th April
1805:
28th April
1805:
30th April
1805:
1st May 1805:
5th May 1805:
5th May 1805:
Pta_10
An attack was made on the government
farm at Seven Hills followed by the
killing of two stockmen on one of
Macarthur’s farms between Prospect and
the Cow Pastures. The attacking party
involved warriors from the Hawkesbury.
An attempt to board and capture the
William and Mary at Pitt Water was
foiled. Two salt boilers thought killed by
warriors at Pitt Water were assisted by
other Aboriginal people back to Sydney.
General Orders banned Aboriginal people
from farms and sent troops to protect the
out settlers.
Governor King in his despatch to Earl
Camden attributed the violence on the
lower reaches of the Hawkesbury and
South Creek to the ripening of the
harvest. Governor King reported that he
had sent one party of troops to the South
Creek (Cobbity) and another to the
Branch (probably the Colo River). See
also the General Orders of 27/04/05.
Reverend Marsden participated in a peace
conference at Prospect. His terms were
the surrender of the principals in the
recent attacks. The following warriors
were identified Talboon, Corriangee, &
Doollonn, Mountain natives; Moonaning
& Doongial, Branch natives; and Boondu-dullock, a native of Richmond Hill.
Apparently one of the warriors who
offered to guide the settlers seeking these
warriors was Tedbury, one of the killers
of the stockmen.
General Orders were issued protecting
those natives camped between Prospect
and George’s River.
The Gazette reported that on 28th April
8-9 killed.
1805 an attack was made by constables
and settlers on a Aboriginal camp on the
western bank of Nepean River upstream
of the current Yarramundi Bridge. The
party was guided by two musket armed
Aboriginal people who sought women as
their reward. Yaragrwhy and at least
12 of 42
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seven or eight others were killed. Charley
was killed shortly after at Aiken’s farm
on the junction of the Grose and
Hawkesbury Rivers. On the same night
an attack was made on James Dunlap at
Prospect. Prints of a shod foot indicated
that one of his attackers was white.
Another attack was made upon the
Government Farm at Seven Hills, as well
as another attack at Pittwater upon the
Richmond.
8th May 1805
Private Robert Rainer was drowned when
crossing the Nepean River in a canoe
crewed by two Aboriginal men who
offered to assist ferrying the party across
the river.
th
th
13 - 16 May Major Johnston visited the Hawkesbury.
1805
13th May
Tedbury was apprehended by a group of
1805:
settlers and constables at Pendant Hills.
Tedbury was brought over to admitting
that he was one of the killers of
Macarthur’s stockmen. The settlers
encountered Bush Muschetta when
Tedbury guided the settlers to where the
property of the dead men was hidden.
th
14 May
A Richmond Hill Aborigine armed with a
1805:
musket, probably one who had guided
Andrew Thompson’s party a fortnight
previously, while acting as a guide with
Warby’s party, shot dead in the
mountains a warrior who he identified as
being one of the killers of Macarthurs
stockmen – possibly Talloon/Talboon.
On the 11th of July Major Johnston’s
party was credited with killing Talloon.
20th May
King reported to Banks that three settlers
1805:
and two stock keepers had been killed.
2nd June 1805: A band of warriors reportedly fired the
house of Henry Lamb at Portland Head.
2nd June 1805:
9th June 1805:
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After his house was plundered four
times William Stubbs accidentally
drowned in the river. His son witnessed
his drowning.
Cuddy’s farm and Crumby’s farm on
13 of 42
1 killed.
1 drowned
on day after
attack.
Last updated: 17/10/13
South Creek burnt out for second time.
A party sent out with no contact.
9th June 1805:
General Orders that Aboriginal people
around Sydney and Parramatta not to be
molested. Previous general orders in
force regarding George’s River and the
Hawkesbury. These orders looked
forward to peace on the Hawkesbury
with the apprehension of Mosquito.
th
15 June 1805: William Knight’s farm plundered by
Branch Jack. His musket was taken.
th
15 June 1805: Abraham Yeouler’s farm at Portland
Head burnt by Aboriginal people.
Late June 1805: A party of nine Aboriginal people was
captured and taken into custody. Two of
the party apparently volunteered to act
as guides in the capture of Mosquito
and Bulldog. While there is little doubt
but that the hostages would be retained
and hostilities would be resumed if the
chief perpetrators were not surrendered
there is some discrepancy between
accounts of Mosquito’s capture. The
Gazette speaks of two of the hostages
guiding a party. King writes of the
natives voluntarily surrendering
Mosquito. Later he speaks of natives
assisting in Mosquito’s capture.
Early July 1805: Mosquito captured. Governor King
wrote of six Aboriginal people being
killed by a party. This probably referred
to the Yarramundi expeditions.
7th July 1805:
The Gazette reported an Aboriginal girl
taken by Henry Lamb discovered in the
act of setting fire to Thomas
Chaseland’s house. She admitted to
setting fire to Yeouler’s and Lamb’s
houses. Aboriginal people coming in to
Parramatta for reconciliation were not
to be disturbed.
20th July 1805:
Governor King wrote to Earl Camden
telling him that the late troubles were
ended. Main perpetrators had been
given up by the natives and gaoled.
Two settlers and two stockmen killed.
Six Aboriginal people shot in a pursuit.
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Enclosed was Richard Atkins’ opinion
on position of Aboriginal people in the
British justice system. Atkins referred
to Dunn repelling an attack and
wounding one Aborigine. Talloon was
shot. Andrew Thompson said his party
had killed a considerable number.
Obadiah Ikin said his party had
destroyed many.
4th August
Tedbury released upon the entreaties of
1805:
those who had assisted in the capture of
Mosquito.
th
11 August
Marsden baptised boy of mixed
1805:
parentage taken by Rickerby.
Early
Woglomigh killed and Branch Jack
September
wounded in a failed attack upon the
1805:
Hawkesbury at Mangrove Point.
December 1805: Repeated attempts to fire the wheat
crops by Branch natives. The Resource
was attacked at the First Branch by a
hail of stones.
July 1806:
Mosquito and Bull Dog released from
Norfolk Island though neither returned
to the Hawkesbury. King noted that
there were no attempts to take the corn
crops even though it was a year of
uncommon scarcity.
20th July 1806:
John Pilot Rickerby buried after dying
from disease.
30th October
Ben Singleton’s servant wounded in an
1808
attack on his farm. His sons shot one
Aboriginal person dead and wounded
others.
October 1809:
Tedbury active, attacked Bond’s farm at
George’s River, Powell’s farm at
Canterbury. Convict escapees thought
to have joined them.
19th February
Edward Luttrell shot Tedbury on his
1810:
farm at Parramatta.
7th July 1811
16th November
1811
Pta_10
A correspondence began in the Gazette
on civilising and evangelizing the
natives.
An inquest found Robert Luttrell
brought his death upon himself by
breaking Aboriginal spears and
15 of 42
1 killed, 1
wounded.
1 killed,
others
wounded.
1 wounded
(at
Parramatta).
1 killed (on
either the
Nepean or
Last updated: 17/10/13
attempting to take Aboriginal women.
11th January
1812
11th January
1812
23rd May 1812
A party of Aboriginal people reported
to the Special Constable Matthew
Locke that they had been fired upon and
one of their party killed.
A good harvest.
Daniel Moowattye returned from
England and abandoned civilisation.
31st December
Richard Evans killed on China Farm,
1812
Second Branch.
9th January 1813 Bennelong died.
23rd January
Royal birthday celebrations at
1813
Government House.
st
1 January 1814 An Aboriginal man when asked why he
went back to his native ways on his
returned from a sailing trip replied will
any white man or woman keep me
company?
2nd March 1814 William Reardon speared at Mulgoa
2nd May 1814
Early May 1814
7th May 1814
and following
days.
Pta_10
Hawkesbur
y).
1 killed>
1 killed.
1 killed (at
Mulgoa).
Campbell’s Bringelly Creek farm
plundered and the overseer wounded.
Macquarie sent a party out to
investigate.
Macquarie reported to Portland that I
am not at all apprehensive their making
any further attacks on the settlers unless
provoked … In his despatch of 7th May
Macquarie wrote that settlers had had
taken liberties with Aboriginal women
and a woman and two children were
killed while sleeping. This preceded the
Gazette account and constructed an
entirely different sequence.
The Gazette reported three soldiers of
the Veteran Company fired upon a
group of Aboriginal people plundering a
corn field killing a boy. Private Isaac
Eustace was killed in the encounter that
followed. A party of settlers fell in with
a group of Aboriginal people killing a
woman and two children. Mrs
Macarthur’s stock keeper, William
Baker, and Mary Sullivan/Hirbut were
16 of 42
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th
4 June 1814
18th June 1814
15th July 1814
22nd July 1814
27th August
1814
24th September
1814
7th October
1814
31st December
1814
18th January
1815
25th February
1815
24th March 1815
Pta_10
killed.
Macquarie celebrated the royal birthday
by entertaining 84 officers and gentry at
Government House. No doubt having
read the Gazette’s report of the same
day of a coalition of Jarvis Bay and
Mountain tribes planning to attack
settlers around the Cowpastures they
pressured the Governor to act.
The Governor admonished both settlers
and Aboriginal people, ordering both to
keep the peace.
A Mrs Daly, alone in a hut at Mulgoa
fired at Aboriginal people, who
responded by killing two of her children
and leaving her and her baby alive.
Governor Macquarie ordered John
Warby to lead a party of 12 Europeans
and four Aboriginal guides to track
down and capture Goondel, Bottagellie
(according to Broughton, Bottagellie’s
wife and two children had been killed
by settlers), Murrah and Yellamun. No
contact was made.
Joe Molgowy and Coley (probably
Colebee) assisted Cox in his road
building
John Warby captured Patrick Collins
with the assistance of a native guide
who speared the bushranger.
Macquarie reported to Earl Bathurst that
the colony was tranquil. He described
Aboriginal people as Scarcely Emerged
from the remotest State of rude and
Uncivilized Nature. He used the word
Aborigine, probably for the first time in
its modern sense when proposing the
establishment of the Native Institution.
First annual feast at Parramatta.
Native Institute opened with 12
children.
Report of the killing of three
shipwrecked sailors on south coast.
Governor Macquarie reported to
Bathurst on the success of his
17 of 42
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5th August 1815
4th December
1815
2nd December
1815
13th January
1816
24th February
1816
16th January
1816
initiatives, opening the Native
Institution, despite six having left by
March and the establishment of sixteen
families on the north side of the
harbour.
James Waxted, Macarthur’s stock
keeper and his wife both wounded,
stock keeper, mortally.
Bathurst approved of Macquarie’s
initiative.
Drought affected harvest.
Rains damaged drought affected crops.
Flood on Hawkesbury.
John, Richmond, a Black Native of the
Colony; of Richmond was on a list of
persons to receive grants of land … at
Pitt Town.
2nd March 1816 Palmer’s Farm at Bringelly plundered.
3rd March 1816 Seven workers crossed the Nepean in
pursuit, four were killed and one
wounded in the fight that followed.
Captured muskets were reportedly used
against the workers.
4th March 1816 Wright’s farm plundered.
Approximately Stockkeeper killed at Cow Pastures, and
12th March
an attack made on a government wagon
1816
on the Bathurst road, reported 16th
March.
Circa March,
Murrah, from the Cow Pastures,
1816
involved in an attack on Government
depot at Glenroy on the Cox's River.
16th March
Defeat of settlers by Aboriginal
1816
warriors near Macquarie Grove, a farm
on the Cow Pasture river, Bromby a
shepherd killed.
23rd March
A letter to Gazette, re Peron’s
1816
observations of Aboriginal people,
signed T.P. who appeared to be
something of a Francophile from his
other letters.
25th March 1816 Mrs Lewis and a servant killed at
Obadieh Aiken’s old farm on the
junction of the Grose and Nepean
Pta_10
18 of 42
2 killed.
Last updated: 17/10/13
5th April 1816
9th April 1816
10th April 1816
10th April 1816
11th April 1816
12th April 1816
13th April 1816
13th April 1816
14th April 1816
15th April 1816
15th April 1816
16th April 1816
Pta_10
rivers.
Throsby’s letter to Wentworth,
defending Aborigines, revealed that
Governor Macquarie was contemplating
military action.
Governor Macquarie ordered military
action. Macquarie identified ten
hostiles, Murrah, who speared
Macarthur’s overseer, Wallah,
Yellaman, Dewall, Bellagalle,
Bidjeegurry, Daniel, Goggie and Marymary who came from Mulgoa.
Captain Schaw marched out.
Captain Wallis who was already in the
field became aware that Gogy was with
a group of nearby Aboriginal people.
Warby, his chief guide told him the
group were friendly and shortly
afterwards told Wallis he would no
longer take charge of the native guides
who later absconded.
Macquarie’s journal entry revealed his
resolution to clear the settlement of
hostile Kooories.
Schaw arrived at Windsor and consulted
with magistrates.
Schaw marched to Bell’s farm.
Lieutenant Dawes marched to Mt
Hunter in a pointless search for
Aboriginal people.
Schaw with Aboriginal guides marched
to Grose River, following native tracks
to Singleton’s Hill/mill.
Schaw detached Lt Grant to Flying Fox
Valley, marched along Colo Ridge,
camped at Howe’s farm.
Wallis marched pointlessly to Redfern’s
farm on request of overseer who either
was afraid or wished to scare
Aboriginal people away.
Schaw returned to Windsor and
consulted with magistrates, marched to
Arndell’s farm at Cattai, following
reports of attacks on neighbouring
farms.
Schaw marched to Douglas’s farm,
19 of 42
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th
17 April 1816
17th April 1816
18th April 1816
22nd April 1816
22nd April 1816
30th April 1816
1816
3rd May 1816
4th May 1816
4th May 1816
Pta_10
returned to Arndell’s.
Schaw detached Lt Grant to surprise an
encampment, with white guide who, for
whatever reason, refused to take troops
to Aboriginal camp.
On advice of settlers Wallis located a
group of Aboriginal people near
Broughton’s farm in the Airds District
and killed fourteen.
Schaw Marched to Col. O’Connell’s
Riverston farm near the western road
and camped there before moving south.
Serjeant Murphy ordered to take a
detachment of 16 soldiers of the 46th
Regiment to the Cox’s River to protect
the cattle and stockmen from further
attacks by Aboriginal people who had
crossed the Blue Mountains to attack
them.
Lieutenant Parker marched to Mr
Woodhouse’s farm and took
Duall/Dewall and Quick into custody.
Dewall was sent to Parramatta and
Quick volunteered to locate hostiles, but
their numbers were too many to attack
and Quick was sent to Parramatta.
Macquarie ordered troops back.
Soldier killed at Springwood.
Lieutenant Quick took nine people,
probably Dewall’s family, who had
surrendered on Kennedy’s farm, into
custody. Bottagellie and Yelamun were
protecting Kennedy’s and Broughton’s
farms at this time.
From the Riverston farm Schaw
marched southwards and returned
shortly after without making contact.
Macquarie’s proclamation of martial
law banned: carrying of spears within a
mile of settlement; any more than six
Aboriginal people being near a farm;
and gatherings for Ritual punishments.
Aboriginal people had to carry a
monthly passport. Aboriginal people
could apply for small land grants.
Settlers were empowered to drive
20 of 42
1 killed.
Last updated: 17/10/13
7th May 1816
8th May 1816
8th May 1816
9th May 1816
9th May 1816
11th May 1816
11th May 1816
23rd May 1816
25th May 1816
31st May 1816
1st June 1816
3rd June 1816
4th June 1816
Pta_10
Aboriginal people off and magistrates
and soldiers were to co-ordinate support
for settlers.
Macquarie rewarded soldiers and
guides.
Schaw submitted his written report.
Macquarie issued orders to Serjeant
Broadfoot to take out a small party to
scour both banks of the Nepean River
from Mulgoa to Bringelly with orders to
kill or imprison hostile natives. These
orders were less proscribed than those
issued to Schaw.
Lieutenant A G Parker reported on his
activities on the expedition.
Circular transmitting proclamation re
Aboriginal hostility. Archives: Reel
6004; 4/3494, page 483.
Public report on expedition in Gazette.
William Cox paid for erecting the new
20 killed.
depot at Spring Wood. Ryan massacre
shortly afterwards While Toby Ryan
thought the attack on the Aboriginal
camp near Shaw’s Creek took place in
the year of his birth I am placing it in
May 1816.
In his report on expedition against
hostile natives on the Nepean Serjeant
Broadfoot stated that no contact had
been made.
Sergeant Broadfoot’s white guides,
Parson and Jackson rewarded – maybe
this was the expedition that Warby
didn’t go on. Nurragingy, Colebee and
Tindall rewarded.
Heavy rain caused floods on
Hawkesbury and South Creek in
following week.
Captain Wallis appointed Commandant
at Newcastle, no doubt as a reward for
his zeal in the recent expedition.
Constable William Tyson rewarded for
service as a guide with Wallis.
Royal birthday celebrations. Release of
15 Aboriginal men, women and
children.
21 of 42
Last updated: 17/10/13
6th June 1816
8th June 1816
29th June 1816
29th June 1816
1 July and 6
July
6th July 1816
7th July 1816
8th July 1816
8th July 1816
9th July 1816
10th July 1816
11th July 1816
12th July 1816
Pta_10
Four captured Aboriginal children
placed in Institution.
Macquarie reported to Bathurst on
success of his operations.
Flood on Hawkesbury.
Cooling and Gallagher, assigned
servants to a Mr Crowley were killed on
his farm on the Grose River.
Macquarie issued instructions to Cox
Magistrate Cox organised a billet for
Serjeant Broadfoot downstream from
Bell's Farm and formed a party to go in
quest of the hostile natives.
Magistrate Cox initially sent two
constables, Coleby and Creek Jemmy to
Crowleys
Magistrate Cox sent Alfred Luttrell and
seven others to join the constables and
guides with orders to go to Singleton's
Hill on the 8th.
Hobson killed on his farm. Luttrell's
party returned to Bell's Belmont farm. A
man killed at Richmond.
Magistrate Cox sent three soldiers from
the Veterans' Company downstream to
the farm of Constable Phillip Roberts.
On hearing of Hobson's death,
magistrate Cox crossed the river and
went to Bells farm where he found
Luttrell's party had gone to Hobson's
farm and Serjeant Broadfoot's party was
ready to move out. Magistrate Cox went
with them to Hobson's farm, across to
Singleton's Hill and back to Bell's farm,
leaving two soldiers at Singleton's.
An inquest was held on Hobson,
magistrate Cox made known Governor
Macquarie's orders regarding the four
Aboriginal people and made his
arrangements with Serjeant Broadfoot.
A stockman reported seeing four
Aboriginal people cross the river.
Cox replied to Macquarie on Thursday
11th of July, reporting his actions.
Governor Macquarie received Cox's
22 of 42
2 killed
2 killed
Last updated: 17/10/13
15th July 1816
19th July 1816
Pta_10
report and replied on the 13th of July.
Magistrate Cox sent two memoranda to 4 killed.
Governor Macquarie. One of them
stated that Cocky, Butta Butta, Jack
Straw and Port Head Jamie had been
killed. We know from later sources that
at least three of the men were probably
caught on Carr's Kurrajong farm.
Cockey was hung and shot at
Rawlinson's Corner, another hung and
shot at Thompson's Ridge, another at
Mrs. Lewis' farm, and probably the
fourth at Crowleys.
Governor Macquarie received
memoranda from Magistrate Cox
recommending that the three military
parties (indicating that the despatch of
three parties had already been agreed
upon) be stationed on the Grose, at
Windsor and at Portland Head. Each
party was to consist of one NCO and six
privates. In his second memorandum
magistrate Cox argued that there was no
friendship between settlers and
Aboriginal people and that strong steps
should be taken to suppress them. He
believed that they could not subsist at
this season of the year without
plundering farms. Magistrate Cox
identified 12 Aboriginal people, Miles,
Warren, Carbone Jack, (alias Curringie)
Narang Jack, Bunduck, Congeatt, or
(Kangate) Wootten, Rachel, Cockey,
Butta Butta, Jack Straw and Port Head
Jamie as being the most dangerous. The
last four had been killed between the
11th and 15th of July. Magistrate Cox
recommended armed parties scour the
country between the Warrajambie and
lower branches of the Hawkesbury. He
recommended that no peace be given to
Aboriginal people until the proscribed
Aboriginal people be given up and that
no settler should harbour or conceal any
Aboriginal person until the proscribed
Aboriginal people had been taken. He
23 of 42
Last updated: 17/10/13
19th July 1816
20th July 1816
26th July 1816
3rd August 1816
10th August
1816
12th & 23rd
August 1816
26th August
1816
1st – 8th
September 1816
9th September
1816
14th September
1816
28th September
1816
8th October
1816
19th October
1816
Pta_10
also recommended steps be taken to
protect the friendly Aboriginal people at
Windsor.
In response to a request from Magistrate
Cox, Governor Macquarie sent
ammunition for an additional three
special constables with the
reinforcements for Serjeant Broadfoot's
detachment.
Governor Macquarie’s proclamation
extended the proclamation of the 4th of
May previous one and outlawed ten
Aboriginal men. Of the ten men from
the list given to Captain Schaw on 9th of
April only Murrah, Wallah, alias
Warren, and Yellaman remained. The
seven new additions; Miles, Carbone
Jack, alias Kurringy, Narang Jack,
Bunduck, Kongate, Woottan and
Rachel, were probably Hawkesbury
men. It largely reflected Magistrate
Cox's recommendations.
Circular re Aboriginal activities (Reel
6005; 4/3495 p.55)
Dewall sent to Tasmania.
John Warby and others rewarded.
More children admitted to Institute.
Body of Cox’s shepherd and 200 sheep
found at Mulgoa.
The passing of Macquarie’s bowel
inflammation which had lasted three
months.
Another child admitted to Institute from
Arndell.
Magistrate Cox organised five parties to
sweep both banks of Nepean
Hawkesbury River from Warajambie to
Grose and Upper Branch for a fortnight.
Mowatee found guilty of rape.
Possibly 400
killed.
Because of an accident on the River, the
five parties were reduced to four.
Memorial to Governor Macquarie
asking for assistance from John,
24 of 42
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30th October
1816
1st November
1816
2nd November
1816
2nd November
1816
2nd November
1816
5th November
1816
6th November
1816
Andrew and James Mc Dougall.
Certified to need of protection against
natives in Hawkesbury district (Reel
6046; 4/1736 pp.140-2)
Payment to Cox for military parties and
guides.
Daniel Mow-watty hanged for rape.
1 executed
after trial.
Macquarie brought hostilities to an end.
Circular re publicising of proclamation
concerning treatment of Aborigines
(Reel 6005; 4/3495 p.245)
Proclamation, amnesty for ten
Aborigines providing they came in to
make their peace with Macquarie.
Macquarie visited Bungaree giving him
presents.
Magistrate Cox sent a memorandum
recommending rewards for Johnston,
William Carver (junior), William
Stubbs (junior), Joseph McLaughlin,
William McFadden and John Tye.
William Stubbs received a 60 acre grant
for his prompt assistance to the police and aid in
pursuit of the black natives at the time of the eruption
and disturbance in 1816, Windsor and Richmond
Gazette, 6th July 1889.
http://trove.nla.gov.au/ndp/del/article/72559770
15th November
1816
16th November
1816
16th December
1816
16th December
1816
22nd December
1816
Pta_10
Magistrate Cox wrote to Governor
Macquarie telling him that Mary Mary
had offered a daughter of mixed
parentage for the native Institution. He
also told the governor that the Creek
Natives were afraid of punishment from
those down the River and the Kissing
Point mob.
Jemmy Monday, Kitten, Jack,
Pamborah and Pinboya released from
gaol. Jubbinguy remained imprisoned.
Further rewards for Serjeant Broadfoot.
Further flooding on the Hawkesbury.
Governor Macquarie ordered six breast
plates made: “Mary-Mary”, “Chief of
25 of 42
Last updated: 17/10/13
28th December
1816
1816
the Mulgowy “Native Tribe.” 1816;
“Branch-Jack”, Chief of the
Hawkesbury Upper Branch Native
Tribe, 1816; Colebee, Pulpin, Mulgowy
– Joe, and Charley – Mulgrave
2nd Annual feast.
John Richmond, a black native of the
Colony received a land grant.
th
4 January 1817 Philo Free’s letter attacking Marsden
published in Gazette.
12th January
About 20 Aboriginal people from South
1817
Creek, Hawkesbury and Mulgoa visited
Macquarie who gave rewards etc.
8th February
Serjeant Broadwood paid from the
1817
Police Fund as donation for his
exertions in the execution of the public
service, after the hostile natives (Reel
6038; SZ759 p.313)
th
8 February
William Cox was paid from the Police
1817
Fund for various articles, expenses &
rewards supplied by him constructing
roads and for guides & provisions
furnished by settlers and others for the
military detachments sent in pursuit of
hostile native tribes.
th
15 February
Report of weeds on Hawkesbury farms.
1817
15th March 1817 Hawkesbury floods. Branch Jack
mentioned.
th
4 April 1817
Governor Macquarie wrote to Earl
Bathurst informing him of the success
of his proclamations of disarming the
natives and outlawing particular
individuals. No mention was made of
casualties.
May-September Lancelot Threlkeld while visiting
1817
Arndell at Cattia he was astonished at
hearing a man boast about how many
blacks he had killed upon his land.
September 1817 Benjamin Singleton, accompanied by a
Aborigine, explored as far as Putty.
th
5 October
Ralph Turnbull was granted 40 acres as
1818
a reward for chasing the natives when
hostile.
OctoberThomas Parr accompanied by Benjamin
Pta_10
26 of 42
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November 1817
April 1818
1819
February 1819
June 1819
27th September
1819
December 1819
1821
4th October
1822
October 1819
August 1820
23rd September
1820
1821
Pta_10
Singleton reached the headwaters of the
MacDonald River. They were guided
back to McDougal's farm on the Colo
by a party of Aboriginal people.
Benjamin Singleton, four settlers and a
Aboriginal man encountered a group of
two hundred Aboriginal people at
Mount Monundilla, who told him that
the Hunter River was two days to the
north. Fearing attack Singleton
returned.
William Charles Wentworth, 17931872, explorer, political figure and
author of A Statistical, Historical, and
Political Description of the Colony of
New South Wales … 1819, wrote The
aborigines of this country occupy the
lowest place in the gradatory scale of
the human species.
Hawkesbury floods.
Hawkesbury floods.
Three Aboriginal people, Colebee,
Richmond Jack and Tom were crew on
the brig Glory of Richmond on a trip to
Kangaroo Island.
Miles, going by himself, found a route
to the Hunter suitable for waggons. He
later took Howe over the route.
The Reverend George Middleton and
John Blaxland took the first herd of
cattle overland to the Hunter. They were
followed by the Bells who took up land
at Patrick's Plains.
Report of crop failure due to grubs.
John Howe, five settlers and two
Aboriginal people, one of whom was
Miles reached the Hunter River.
Influenza reported to have killed Great
numbers of the poor aborigines.
Great
numbers
killed by
influenza.
Colebee (Black Native), on a list of
names to receive land grant. Sydney
Gazette 23rd September 1821
Archibald Bell junior found a way
27 of 42
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November 1821
1821-22
September 1822
1824
25th August
1821
24th June 1822
1823
July 1824
6th August 1824
19th September
Pta_10
across the Blue Mountains which
became Bell's Line of Road.
William Walker reported seeing no
Aboriginal people at Windsor.
The Aboriginal man,Captain, or
Karingy Jack, went sealing on the brig
Elizabeth.
Colebee assited in the capture of
bushrangers.
Lesson reported that most aborigines
had chronic cattarah and some women
had consumption
Colebee (Black Native), on a list of
names to receive land grant. Sydney
Gazette, 25th August 1821.
Barron Field, 1786-1846, a supreme
court judge and compiler of
Geographical Memoirs on New
South Wales, 1825, wrote a romantic
farewell to Aboriginal people who he
imagined were on a path of
extinction:
Yet deem not this man
useless,
But let him pass, - a
blessing on his head!
Simeon replaced Colebee as constable.
The word native was beginning to be
appropriated by the settlers to refer to
themselves and their offspring. Thomas
Bigge referred to native born youths in
his report. Bigges also referred to the
fecundity of the convict women and the
health of their offspring.
Lancelot Threlkeld was told by the
Attorney General, Saxe Bannister that
at a public meeting in Bathurst Cox
called for the extermination of
Aboriginal people.
Five men found not guilty of the
manslaughter of three Aboriginal
women west of Blue Mountains.
Governor Macquarie's proclamation of
martial law cited in their defence.
William Cox was a defence witness.
Bumblefoot killed one man on the
28 of 42
1 wounded.
Last updated: 17/10/13
1824
Hunter and moved to the Lower
Hawkesbury where he knocked another
senseless before being captured by
Special constable Richard Woodbury.
After spending some time in gaol
Bumblefoot was killed by other
Aboriginal people on the Cenral Coast.
1824
George Bowman granted Arrowfield
and Archerfield on the Hunter.
Sometime in
Joseph Onus' hut on the Hunter was
1825
plundered starting conflict there. Onus
was an early Hawkesbury settler.
Sometime in
A group of Aboriginal people from the
1825
Hawkesbury delivered a Aboriginal
man for ritual punishment to Newcastle.
They also took a song with them. The
punishment did not take place.
25th March 1825 A Aboriginal called Richmond helped
Richmond settlers capture bushrangers
who had robbed Mrs. Crawley.
1825 ?
The obituary of Keturah Butterworth,
1824-1905, carried a recollection of
Keturah and the women of her family
barricading themselves in their house on
the Lower Hawkesbury while
Aboriginal people plundered the yard.
There are no accounts of troubles after
1825. While she may have been a
witness to such an occurrence it is
possible that it happened in 1825 when
Keturah was one year old.
2nd June 1825
2nd September
1826
October 1825
Pta_10
Some Aboriginal people assisted district
constable William Douglass in the
investigation of a robbery.
Gazette reported a gathering of 20
Aboriginal men at, or near, the Windsor
Court House.
In October 1825 Mr. Greig's cousin and
a convict servant were killed on Grieg’s
Hunter River property. The killers then
visited the Hawkesbury and returned via
the Bulgar road, chasing some mounted
settlers and stopped at a hut at Putty
where they killed one man, (probably
Carr) wounded another while the third
29 of 42
1 killed.
Last updated: 17/10/13
22nd October
1825
December 1826
1829-36
January 1831
1831
1831
1832
1833
Pta_10
escaped to Richmond. An armed party
was sent out after them from Richmond
and fell upon the camp of a friendly
tribe which was scattered (Pages 197198, Editor, David S. Macmillan, Peter
Cunningham, Surgeon R.N., Two Years
in New South Wales, First Published
1827, Reprinted, Angus and Robertson,
1966).
Colebee replaced Yurramoroo as a
constable.
The Reverend Samuel Marsden and the
Reverend Wilkinson presented Captain
Jules S-C Dumont d’Urville, with two
skulls and some bones of two Sydney
natives, one an adult the other a child.
Bowen at Bulgamatta: King Billy
Kootee, … a fine young man.
The Australian used the term corn-stalk
to describe Benjamin Chalker,
Hawkesbury man. This was the first use
of the term to describe the phenomena
of people being born in the Hawkesbury
who were very tall.
La Place reported declining numbers on
the Cumberland Plain.
Richard Whately, in his 1831
Introductory lectures on Political
Economy theorised that for some
people, such as the First Peoples of
Australia, there had been a degradation
into savagery because Cain and Abel
had become herders and farmers after
Adam and Eve were expelled from the
Garden of Eden without ny intervening
stage of savagery.
The Native Institute at Black Town was
deserted.
The Black Simon who played the
tambourine at the Hawkesbury races
was probably the same Simeon who
escorted Blackhouse and Walker from
Marsden’s South Creek property in
1835. Mulgoa Joe, the king of the tribe,
was one of the Aborigines there. After
the races, probably located near the
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1833
September 1835
October 1835
1835
January 1836
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junction of the Windsor Road and Pitt
Town Road, Toby Ryan and about
twenty whites and the same number of
blacks made their way towards Penrith.
Lieutenant William Breton, in
Excursions in New South Wales,
Western Australia, and Van Dieman's
Land During the years 1830, 1831
1832, and 1833, 1833, made the
judgement that: Speaking of them
collectively, it must be confessed I
entertain very little more respect for the
Aborigines of New Holland, than for the
ourang-outan; in fact I can discover no
great difference.
Backhouse and Walker were guided
from Parramatta to South Creek by
Johnny, a South Creek Aborigine and
from there to Penrith by Simeon, also
from South Creek. It is not clear
whether the South Creek property was
the Tumbledown Barn near the junction
with East Creek or Mamre on South
Creek There was a Aboriginal camp at
both properties. The Blacktown
settlement had been apparently
abandoned by this time.
On their return from Wellington
Backhouse and Walker visited the
Hawkesbury. Their host at Richmond
knew of their visit to Wellington
several days before from local
Aboriginal people.
Threlkeld, page 123, measles
After an encounter with a group of
Aboriginal people at Penrith Charles
Darwin theorised that the decrease in
numbers must be owing to the drinking
of Spirits, the European diseases, even
the milder ones of which such as the
Measles are very destructive & the
gradual extinction of the wild animals.
William Walker growing up in Windsor
King Jamie and his gin, and two
sons, Billy and Bobby. Their
camping place was a short distance
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1837
In July 1837
1838 onward
1838
off, up the South Creek.
sIn the report of the Aborigines
Committee to the House of Commons
was
Lord Glenelg, the secretary of state for
the colonies gave instructions to
Governor Bourke re Aborigines see
Page 25The Squatters, Geoffrey Dutton
Page 282, blanket returns
Darwin's visit to London Zoo and
seeing Ourang-outan for first time,
http://ncse.com/files/pub/evolution/exce
rpt--seekers.pdf
April 1838
William and George Faithfull, sons of
William Faithfull involved in Broken
River massacre. The Reverend Joseph
Docker, one time curate of St Matthews
and Clarendon farmer, Windsor moved
into the Faithfull’s Broken River slab
hut at Bontharambo where he prospered
with help of local Aboriginal people.
June 1838
John Henry Fleming fled back to the
Hawkesbury to escape a murder warrant
for his part in the Myall Creek
massacre.
June 1838
In The Sydney Monitor, Aboriginal
people were likened to niggers. This
was probably the first use of the term in
Australia.
th
27 October
The Reverend Dunmore Lang reported
1838
being shown places on the Hawkesbury
where the 'commando" system had been
carried on, and the natives literally
hunted down and shot.
5th January 1839 George Bowman in a memorandum on
the events of 1816 wrote that in 1816
the military shot all they fell in with
and received great praise from the
Governor for so doing.
November 1839 Bill Allen reluctantly gave evidence
about killings on the Gwydir River in
1838. Bill Allen lived under a bane
among a certain class. It was
mistakenly assumed in later years that
Bill Allen, a Richmond resident had
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1840
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About 1840
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given evidence in the Myall Creek
trials.
John Henry Fleming, a MacDonald
Valley resident, married Charlotte
Dunstan.
The word darkey first appeared in a
Sydney newspaper in the reprint ofa
joke from an English newspaer
Aboriginal people saved Mrs Pitt who
had been bitten on the hand by a snake.
There was a Aboriginal camp on the
Common near Paget and Lennox
streets.
Samuel Boughton described a gathering
of Aboriginal people at a paddock in
Ricmond. Aboriginal people present
included Stevy, Emery, Cocky,
Whoolaboy, George Merican, Billy
Green and Bumba. Bumba was the last
of his tribe dying in the 1870s.
Whoolaboy many have been Jack
Whoolomboy, the offsider of the
constable, George James. Another
Aborigine who Boughton identified was
Mudgee Sam who helped take a bullock
team across Bell’s Line.
Alfred Smith identified Queen’s
birthday as a great day in Windsor.
Local Aboriginal people came down
from Putty. George Merican and Billy
Green were kings with brass plates.
Dicky Powell was a son of George
Merican. He was apparaently called
Dickey Powell because he was born on
the Richmond Lowlands near Powell’s.
Billy Green’s wife was Lame
Maria.Stevy had helped George James
catch the killers of Mrs Lewis. Others
he identified include Gilmaroy Jack,
Johnny Wickeray, Lazy Jack and
Mudgee Tommy who came down with
William Bowman. Cow Pasture Paddy
ended up at Yarramundi.
The Australasian Chronicle advertised
the first minstrel show in Australia to be
held at the Royal Victoria Theatre.
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February 1845
April 1845
September 1845
December 1845
1846
Circa 1850
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Robert Fitzgerald had three Aboriginal
people arrested for throwing
boomerangs in Thompson’s Square.
Jumbo, a Aborigine rode Doyle’s Waita-while to a win at the Hawkesbury
races.
Black Bobby rolled from Freeman’s
Australian Hotel to Blanchard’s sign
post in five minutes.
Bell’s Life in Sydney and Sporting
Reviewer in describing James
Thompson’s victory over Ned, a
Aborigine in a hundred yard race on the
Peninsula farm called Ned a darkey.
This was probably its first usage in
Australia to describe a Aborigine.
Dame Mary Gilmore recounted her
1 killed
grandmothers story of a young
(Castlereagh)
Aboriginal girls being killed by two
gentlemen at Upper Castlereagh.
Elizabeth Everingham was born 10
June 1805. Her father was Matthew
Everingham. She was known as Betsy or
Betty to distinguish her from her
mother, Elizabeth. Betsy married
Charles Butler, her brother Matthew’s
assigned servant in 1822. In 1826
Butler was executed for murdering a
woman.In 1827 she remarried, this time
to John Harman, an assigned servant to
Richard Woodbury(her sister Sarah was
married to Wodbury). John Harman
died and Betsy married Joseph Ladd
in1837. Joseph and Betsy Ladd lived
on Mangrove Creek. Four children
were born there in the 1840’s. They
moved to Wollembi where Joseph
drowned. On her husband’s death Betsy
returned to the Wiseman’s Ferry area.
And visited her sister Sarah at
Woodbury’s on Milkmaid Reach. She
was then thought to have been in her
sixties. Her descendants reported that
she spoke an Aboriginal language and
used to go and spend three or four days
with the tribe. When she died and where
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she is buried remains unknown. Letter
of Matthew Woodbury to George
Reeve, 12 May 1929, M.S. 3480, NLA,
Reeve Records, 7/179, Society of
Austrlain Genealogists. Page 146-154,
Valerie Ross
John Everingham, b1814, son of
Matthew Everingham, thought to have
had at least one child to an Aboriginal
or part aboriginal girl, Mildred
Saunders.
Ephraim Everingham, b. c1855 married
Martha Hobbs, said to be last
Hawkesbury full blood
Information from Ephraim’s death
certificate p200-202
1855
April 1857
1859
1871
January 1874
May 1874
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James Thompson was beaten by a
darkey in a race over 300 yards.
Lancelot Threlkeld in writing about
declining Aboriginal numbers evoked
predestination and Biblical tradition
when he wrote that The Sons of Japhet
are being enlarged and caused to dwell
in the tents of Shem.
In his work Origin of Species, Charles
Darwin separated God and Nature
through the concept of natural selection.
In his work The Descent of Man and
Selection in Relation to Sex, Charles
Darwin effectively destroyed the theory
of polygenesis. His argument that the
civilised races of man will almost
certainly exterminate, and replace, the
savage races throughout the world
owed its origin to Malthus.
John Hosskisson, son of John
Hodgkinson, died. He had married a
daughter of Simon Freebody. According
to Boughton he displayed an unusual
knowledge of Aboriginal languages.
A cricket match was played at Lower
Portland between club members and
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May 1881
April 1881
May 1881
October 1881
1882
1889
September 1889
May 1890
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local Aboriginal people.
Annual blanket distribution at Windsor.
There was no blanket distribution as
they were of poor quality and returned.
Local Aboriginal people helped harvest
crops.
Local Aboriginal people stalked around
majestically during the Queen’s Birtday
celebrations in McQuade Park.
The annual blanket distribution at the
court house was attended by the
following members of the Lower
Portland tribe:-Elizabeth Captain, 28;
Margaret Shaw, 28; Jane Shaw, 6;
Christina Shaw, 5; an infant, one week
old;: Sally Barber, 23; Charles
Cumber, 50; Matilda, 85 ; Joseph
Frederick, 3; Elizabeth Doyle, 27;
Bertie Nowland, 24; Totty Barber, 3;
Albert Shaw, 3; Andrew Barber, 26:
Albeit Andrew Barber, 22; Boney
Stewart, 22; Rachael Lenart, 23; Harry
Cubrer, (reads) 25; Margaret Cumber,
30; Willie Cumber, 12; Alfred E.
Everingham, 10; Emily Everingham, 2;
Sally Bowman, 23; Tommy Cox, 60;
George Captain, 37: Johnny Barber,
55; Elizabeth Barber, 24; Edward
Barber, 8; Charles Barber, 6; Arthur
Muley, 4; Jane Barber, 18.
A Aborigine who lost a fight with a
friend was set upon by local larrikins
and rescued by other Aboriginal people.
William Shippy, a Aborigine from
Mudgee ended up in Windsor Court
charged with attempting to pick pockets
in the Railway Hotel, Windsor.
A Aboriginal gum leaf band feted Peter
Kemp, the world sculling champion, at
Windsor Railway station.
A reserve of 150 acres set aside for
Aboriginal people on Cumberland
Reach, a further 30 acres set aside on
Kent Reach.
Six Aboriginal children attended
Sackville Reach PS.
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May 1890
25th October
1890
October 1890
17th October
1891
May 1891
May 1891
June 1891
July 1891
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The editor of the Windsor and
Richmond Gazette, evoked the Great
Chain of Being on 31st May 1890
predicted the coming demise of
Aboriginal people. In a year or two
hence, rum and "civilization" will have
cleared this district of the few genuine
aboriginals who remain, and perhaps it
will be a good thing, too, not only for
themselves - as they most, most
assuredly, hang out a most miserable
existence - but for our boasted
civilization, - as it will have removed
one of the eyesores which most people
who believe this is an age of progress
and enlightenment see in the remnants
of an ignorant, uncultivated,
unintellectual and inferior race, such as
the dusky natives of this Colony have
proved themselves to be.
In an interview for the Windsor and
Richmond Gazette Edward Tuckerman
said that not less than 400 blacks were
killed in 1816.
The editor of the Mudgee Independent
in 1890 expressed a fear of racial
degeneracy when he asked Prosper
Tuckerman, who stood a good six feet
two in his stockings. ‘Tell, Mr.
Tuckerman, do you think the men of
today are equal to the earliest colonists,
or are we degenerating?’
The Dora Dora Blacks, on the run after
killing a man near Albury robbed a
settler at Central Colo of a gun, food
and ammunition.
Approximately 100 blankets distributed
at Windsor Court House.
The Sackville Reach School of Arts
Committee held a tea-meeting for the
locals. A minstrel show was part of the
entertainment.
The Dora Dora Blacks were reportedly
heading for the Kurrajong hills.
Two Aborigines carrying swags in
George Street Windsor were mistaken
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December 1891
January 1892
May 1892
29th July 1893
August 1894
June 1895
January 1896
January 1896
January 1896
February 1896
March 1896
1896
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for the Dora Dora Blacks.
The Sackville Reach cricket team beat
the Agricultural College team. Barber,
Aborigine, was a star of the Sackville
Reach team.
Aboriginal person arrested for
drunkenness.
Approximately 100 blankets distributed
at Windsor Court House.
The Good Old Days, a series of
recollections began to appear in the
Windsor and Richmond Gazette. The
author, Yeldap, was almost certainly
John Charles Lucas Fitzpatrick (18621932), who founded and edited the
Windsor and Richmond Gazette
between 1888 and 1899.
John Henry Fleming died.
Eighty Five Aboriginal people turned
up for the blanket distribution. Florrie
Morgan committed suicide in the
following week.
Mr J Jones, Salvation Army, arranged a
sports day for Aboriginal people at
Sackville Reach.
The Windsor and Richmond Gazette
reported the contempt Ike Hopkins’
black boy, from ‘the Gulf” had for Jim
Gospser’s boy ‘Sago” saying him only
yaller phellah.
The editor of the Windsor and
Richmond Gazette quoted from the
1810 translation of Lineaus’s Systema
Naturæ to assert that Ethnologists are
agreed that in their primitive estate
savage men are found at the lowest
known point of human development in
the Australian wilderness.
The Mohawk Minstrels to be a star
attraction at a benefit concert.
Mr. Jones of the Salvation Army
organised a concert in connection with
the local aborigines held in the Sacville
School of Arts.
Inspired by Percy Bysshe Shelley’s
Stanzas written in Dejection –
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January 1899
February 1899
February 1899
March 1899
April 1899
May 1899
June 1899
October 1899
November 1899
December 1899
March 1900
May 1900
April 1900
July 1900
August 1900
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December 1818, near Naples Arthur
Streeton painted The Purple Noon’s
Transparent Might on the Hawkesbury.
Nigger Minstrelsy to be the
entertainment at a Windsor School of
Arts Concert.
Aboriginal people helped in the Tizzana
vintage.
A Aboriginal cricket team beat a
military team.
Aboriginal people reported spearing
eels about the long arm.
The Aborigines Protection Board
rejected a petition form the residents of
Sackville Reach requesting the addition
of meat to the rations of flour, tea and
sugar. The petition was rejected.
Blanket distribution at Windsor court
House.
While waiting for the coming of the
local MP, the crowd was entertained by
a couple of darkie acrobats.
Curragundi Joe won a foot race in
Richmond Park.
Sago, Mr. Jim Gosper’s darkie, left
Gosper and disappeared from the
historical record.
Alfred Barber and Henry Barber, two
blackfellows, testified that their morals
were shocked at the sight of Reginal
Wilbow and Sydney Watts bathing
naked at Ebenezer.
The court dismissed a case involving
several Aboriginal people fighting at
Tizanna.
Aboriginal people from Sackville
provided entertainment in the local hall.
A Aboriginal man’s sentence for
vagrancy was increased when he
shouted at the bench, Anyhow boss, de
Boers’ll beat the British, boss!
Mrs. Mawby, killed by Jimmy
Governor at Breelong had been born at
Castlereagh. Miss Kerz, also killed, was
the niece of a Penrith man.
The Hawkesbury Advocate raised
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1900
1903-05
1910
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concerns at the proposed use of Tomah
as the name of a Federal electorate
encompassing much of the
Hawkesbury. It was felt to be an
unnecessary attempt to preserve the
aboriginal dialect of the degraded
blacks.
William Dymock published The Good
old days: being a record of facts and
reminescences (sic) concerning the
Hawkesbury district compiled from the
columns of the "Windsor Richmond
Gazette" by John Charles Lucas
Fitzpatrick. The chapter dealing with
Aboriginal people is written in the first
person and references events which
happened in 1816 and the 1820s. It is
highly unlikely that these events were
witnessed by Fitzpatrick.
Samuel Boughton, 1841-1910 under the
nom-de-plume of Cooramill, published
a series of recollections in the
Hwakesnury Herald.
Alfred Smith, 1831-1917, published a
series of recollections in the Windsor
and Richmond Gazette.
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