Statistics from the Famous 1995
Standish Group Report
Survey
• 365 Companies (small, medium, large)
• Major Industry Segments (banking, health
care, insurance, etc.)
• 8000+ Software Applications
Failure Statistics
Project Success - The project is completed on-time and onbudget, with all features and functions as initially specified
Project Challenged - The project is completed and operational
but over-budget, over the time estimate, and offers fewer
features and functions than originally specified.
Project Impaired - The project is canceled at some point
during the development cycle.
Failure Statistics
16.2%
Project Success - The project is completed on-time and onbudget, with all features and functions as initially specified
52.7%
Project Challenged - The project is completed and operational
but over-budget, over the time estimate, and offers fewer
features and functions than originally specified.
31.1%
Project Impaired - The project is canceled at some point
during the development cycle.
Restarts
?? out of 100 software projects must be restarted
from scratch... sometimes MULTIPLE TIMES.
Restarts
94 out of 100 software projects must be restarted
from scratch... sometimes MULTIPLE TIMES.
Cost Overruns
Cost Overruns
% of Responses
Under 20%
21 - 50%
51 - 100%
101 - 200%
201 - 400%
Over 400%
The average across all companies is ???
Cost Overruns
Cost Overruns
% of Responses
Under 20%
15.5%
21 - 50%
31.5%
51 - 100%
29.6%
101 - 200%
10.2%
201 - 400%
8.8%
Over 400%
4.4%
The average across all companies is 189%.
Time Overruns
Time Overruns
% of Responses
Under 20%
13.9%
21 - 50%
18.3%
51 - 100%
20.0%
101 - 200%
35.5%
201 - 400%
11.2%
Over 400%
1.1%
For the same combined challenged and impaired projects, over one-third
also experienced time overruns of 200 to 300%. The average overrun is
222% of the original time estimate.
Content Deficiencies
% of Features/Functions
% of Responses
Less Than 25%
4.6%
25 - 49%
27.2%
50 - 74%
21.8%
75 - 99%
39.1%
100%
7.3%
On average, only 61% of originally specified features
and functions were available on these projects.
Costs (circa 1995)
$250 billion spent on application development nationwide
$81 billion wasted on cancelled projects
Lost opportunity costs could be in the trillions
WHY?
Project Success Factors
Executive’s surveyed... what were key factors for success?
Project Success Factors
Project Success Factors
Hard-Working, Focused Staff
Competent Staff
Executive Management Support
User Involvement
Clear Statement of Requirements
Proper Planning
Realistic Expectations
Clear Vision & Objectives
Smaller Project Milestones
Ownership
Project Success Factors
Executive’s surveyed... what were key factors for success?
Project Success Factors
% of Responses
1. User Involvement
15.9%
2. Executive Management Support
13.9%
3. Clear Statement of Requirements
13.0%
4. Proper Planning
9.6%
5. Realistic Expectations
8.2%
6. Smaller Project Milestones
7.7%
7. Competent Staff
7.2%
8. Ownership
5.3%
9. Clear Vision & Objectives
2.9%
10. Hard-Working, Focused Staff
2.4%
Other
13.9%
Project Challenged Factors
Executive’s surveyed... what were key factors for challenges?
Project Challenged Factors
Project Challenged Factors
Lack of User Input
New Technology
Incomplete Requirements & Specifications
Changing Requirements & Specifications
Technology Incompetence
Unrealistic Expectations
Lack of Resources
Unclear Objectives
Unclear Objectives
Unrealistic Time Frames
Lack of Executive Support
Project Challenged Factors
Executive’s surveyed... what were key factors for challenges?
Project Challenged Factors
% of Responses
1. Lack of User Input
12.8%
2. Incomplete Requirements & Specifications
12.3%
3. Changing Requirements & Specifications
11.8%
4. Lack of Executive Support
7.5%
5. Technology Incompetence
7.0%
6. Lack of Resources
6.4%
7. Unrealistic Expectations
5.9%
8. Unclear Objectives
5.3%
9. Unrealistic Time Frames
4.3%
10. New Technology
3.7%
Other
23.0%
Project Impaired Factors
Executive’s surveyed... what were key factors for impairment?
Project Impaired Factors
% of Responses
1. Incomplete Requirements
13.1%
2. Lack of User Involvement
12.4%
3. Lack of Resources
10.6%
4. Unrealistic Expectations
9.9%
5. Lack of Executive Support
9.3%
6. Changing Requirements & Specifications
8.7%
7. Lack of Planning
8.1%
8. Didn't Need It Any Longer
7.5%
9. Lack of IT Management
6.2%
10. Technology Illiteracy
4.3%
Other
9.9%