Objectives 9/12/11
1.
2.
3.
4.
Practice with variables.
Turn in Metric Lab.
Discuss Lab Reports and Course Expectations.
Literacy Strategies and notes for Unit 1 Review.
Bell Work:
Wait until after Miss. Rossman speaks about the lab
papers and projects turned in so far – then write a
reflection.
H.W.
Memorize first set of flashcards – Quiz tmo.
Hand Back Labs, Etc.
Variable Review
• Complete assignment
• Rating:
– Appropriate (A),
– Good Type of Funny (G),
– May Offend Some People and Probably shouldn’t
be used (O)
• Correct Assignment.
Writing Prompts.
Basic Review Concepts for Biology
Chapters 1-4
This is review information that you
MUST know by heart.
We will spend two days on this.
You are required to review your
notes each night with preparation
for future tests and quizzes.
Biology
• The study of life
– Bio = life
– Ology = study of
Organism
• Anything that posses ALL of the
characteristics of life.
– Have an orderly structure
– Produce offspring
– Grow and Develop
– Adjust to Changes in the
Environment
Organization
• Having an orderly
structure (one of
the characteristics
of life)
Reproduction
• Production of Offspring – one of the
characteristics of life.
Species
• A group of
organisms that can
interbreed and
produce fertile
offspring in nature.
Growth
• An increase in the amount of living material
and the formation of new structures.
Development
• All of the changes
that take place
during the life of
an organism.
Environment
• Surroundings that include air, water, weather,
temperature, any other organisms in the area
and many other factors.
Stimulus and Response
• Stimulus – anything in an organisms external
or internal environment that causes that
organism to react.
• Response – reaction to a stimulus
– Also Called Taxis.
• (+) taxis is movement
towards a stimulus
• (-) taxis is movement
away from a stimulus.
Homeostasis
• Regulation of an organism’s internal environment
to maintain conditions suitable for its survival.
– Correct water and mineral amounts in their cells.
– Proper internal temperature.
Energy
• The ability to cause change. Organisms get their
energy from food. Plants make their own food
where animals, fungi, and other organisms get
their food from plants or organisms that consume
plants.
Adaptation
• Any inherited structure, behavior, or internal
process that enables an organism to respond
to environmental factors and live to produce
offspring.
Evolution
• The gradual change in a species through
adaptations over time.
Scientific Method
• Scientific Method – The common steps that
scientists use to gather information and
answer questions.
Hypothesis –
• an explanation for a question or a problem
that can be formally tested.
• If, Then, Because
Control –
• the part of an experiment that is the standard
against which results are compared.
Independent variable –
• the condition in the experiment that is being
tested.
Dependent variable –
• the results from the change of the
independent variable.
Theory –
• an explanation of a natural phenomenon that is
supported by a large body of scientific evidence
obtained from many different investigations and
observations. Results from continual verification and
refinement of a hypothesis.
Law –
• Natural laws that are known to be true (such
as the law of gravity).
Quantitative –
• data that is numerical (uses numbers, graphs,
and tables).
Qualitative –
• data that is based purely on observation.
Technology –
• the application of scientific research to
society’s needs and problems.
In Class Assignment
• Read pages 21-23 “Science and Society”
– Summarize those 10 paragraphs into one paragraph in
your literacy book (10% Summary Section)
HOMEWORK: Read pages 6-10 in the biology book.
Write notes and questions regarding the reading
in the section of your literacy packet named
“annotated text”.
Quiz on review vocabulary tomorrow.
Objectives 9/13/11
1. Turn in Literacy Book open to Annotated Text HW.
2. Get into stations for todays activities
a.
b.
c.
Vocabulary Station
Quiz Station
Project Station
Bell Work:
Explain at least two developments where science has
helped society and at least one development where
the application of science may have hurt society.
Block 4
Biosphere• The portion of Earth that supports living
things.
Ecology• the study of
interactions
that take place
between
organisms and
their
environment.
Abiotic factors• nonliving parts of an organisms environment.
Biotic factors• living organisms that inhabit an environment.
Population• a group of organisms, all of the same species,
which interbreed and live in the same area at
the same time.
Biological community• interacting populations in a certain area at a
certain time.
Ecosystem• interacting populations in a biological
community and the community’s abiotic
factors.
Start here
Habitat• the place where an organism lives out its life.
Niche• all the strategies and adaptations a species
uses in its environment to meet its specific
needs for food and shelter. Basically all its
interactions with the biotic and abiotic parts
of its habitat.
Symbiosis• a close and
permanent
association
between
organisms of
different species.
Mutualism• a symbiotic
relationship in
which both
species benefit.
Commensalism• a symbiotic relationship in which one species
benefits and the other is neither harmed nor
benefited.
Parasitism• a symbiotic relationship in which a member of
one species benefits at the expense of
another.
Autotrophs• organisms that use
light or chemical
energy to make
food.
Producer• any type of
autotroph
(making food for
itself).
Heterotroph• organisms
that cannot
make their
own food and
feeds on
other
organisms.
Consumers• any type of
heretrotroph. A
heterotroph eating a
plant would be a first
order consumer
while a heterotroph
eating a heterotroph
that ate a plant
would be a second
order consumer.
Decomposer• organisms that break down and release
nutrients from dead organisms.
Food Chain• a simple model that scientists use to how how
matter and energy move through an
ecosystem.
Trophic Level• a feeding step.
Food web• a model that shows all the possible feeding
relationships at each trophic level in a
community.
Pyramid of Energy• shows how energy is lost at each trophic level
leaving only 10% of the original energy at each
step.
Pyramid of Numbers• shows how the number of organisms
decreases as you move up the pyramid of
numbers.
Pyramid of Biomass• shows how the biomass of organisms
decreases as you move up the pyramid.
Biomass• the total weight of living matter at each
trophic level.
Water Cycle• Cycle of evaporation, condensation,
precipitation, transpiration, and runoff of
water in an ecosystem.
Carbon cycle• The cycle of
the element
responsible
for the
framework of
proteins,
carbohydrates,
fats, and other
important
molecules (the
molecule of
life) in an
ecosystem.
Nitrogen Cycle• the cycle of
nitrogen, as
assisted by
bacteria,
through the
ecosystem.
Phosphorus Cycle• the cycle of phosphorus, after being trapped
in rock, through an ecosystem.
Limiting factor• any biotic or abiotic factor that restricts the
existence, numbers, reproduction, or
distribution of organisms.
Range of tolerance• the ability of an organism to withstand
fluctuations in biotic and abiotic
environmental factors.
Zone of Intolerance• the range of tolerance that kills the organism.
Zone of Physiologic Stress• The range of tolerance that limits the ability of
organisms to live causing organisms to
become infrequent.
Optimum Range• the range of tolerance that is perfect allowing
the greatest amount of organisms.
Succession• The orderly, natural changes and species
replacement that take place in the
communities of an ecosystem.
Primary Succession• the colonization of barren land by
communities of organisms beginning with
pioneer species such as lichens.
Secondary Succession• succession that occurs after an existing
community is severely disrupted in some way
(such as a natural disaster occurance).
Climax community• a stable, mature community that undergoes
little or no change in species.
Biome• large group of ecosystems that share the same
type of climax community.
Photic Zone vs. Aphotic Zone
• Photic Zone- area where sunlight can
penetrate in an aquatic biome.
• Aphotic zone- area where no sunlight
penetrates in an aquatic biome.
Estuary• a coastal body of water, partially surrounded
by land, where freshwater and saltwater mix.
Intertidal zone• the portion of the shoreline that lies between
the high and low tide.
Plankton• small organisms that drift and float in the
waters of the photic zone and form the base
of nearly all aquatic food chains.
Tundra• a treeless land with long summer days and
short periods of winter sunlight. High latitude
with permafrost. Only shallow rooted grasses
and other small plants.
Taiga• May also be called the coniferous forest.
Somewhat warmer and dryer than the Tundra.
Usually lacks permafrost.
Desert• an arid region with sparse to almost
nonexistent plant life. Rainfall is the major
limiting factor.
Grassland• large communities covered with rich soil,
grasses, and similar plants. Insufficient water
to support forests.
Temperate Forest• also called deciduous forests, are dominated
by broad leaved hardwood trees that lose
their foliage annually as the temperature
changes.
Rainforest• warm temperature with wet weather. TONS
of biodiversity.