ระบบสารสนเทศเพื่อการจัดการ
ระบบสารสนเทศเพื่อการบริหาร
การบริหารเชิงระบบข้ อมูล
What is
Management Information Systems ? M-I-S
MSIT:- Pichai Takkabutr DEC, 2010
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Definition of Management Information System IS:ระบบสารสนเทส เพื่อ การจัดการ (บรรยาย อธิบาย พยากรณ์ และควบคุม)
1. For providing information พึ่งพาทรัพย์ สินทางปั ญญาสารสนเทศ
ค้ นหาจากระบบธรรมชาติส่ งิ แวดล้ อม REAL SECTOR/ ANALOG
2. Integrated man-machine system พึ่งพาอัตโนมัติ ให้ กับ คน และ
ธรรมชาติส่ ิงแวดล้ อม อยู่รอด ยั่งยืน  ICT SECTOR/ DIGITAL
3. To support operations, management, analysis and decision making
functions of an organization (All of Activities and Functions of
Information Processors) แก้ ไขปั ญหาของคนด้ วยปั ญญาเทียม/ ปั ญญา
ประดิษฐ  VIRTUAL SECTOR/ WORLD
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MIS is Integrated man-machine system
1. MAN is People Ware/ PW :• Computer Man/ Technician:- CIO, System Analyst, System Engineer,
System Programmer, Data Admin / ADMIN, Operators, Data Entry Operator
etc;
• Users:- EP, EVP, CEO, CCO, CFO, Computing User, USER, Client/
Customer, Executive, BOSS etc;
2. MACHINE is ICT/ IT/ ECTI/ E/ Computer/ NETWORK/ Technology
INFRASTRUCTURE of HARDWARE/ HW and SOFTWARE/ SW
3. SYSTEMS Integrated is KNOW-HOW/ Explicit
Knowledge and KNOW-WHY/ TACIT Knowledge interdisciplinary/ SOCIO-cultural INNOVATION/ SOCIO Technology/
APPLICAIONS (METAPHYSICS/ ONTOLOGY/ EPISTERMOLOGY)
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MIS For providing information
1. Types of Information Impact/ Feed Back from
•
•
•
Activities and Functions of Information Processors
Based on Activities VS. DSS:- Structured, Unstructured,
Semi-structured:- SISP. MIS, TPS
Based on Functions VS. GDSS:- Both Front Office and
Back Office:- Production, Marketing, Trading, Service,
Consumption, Financial
Based on Internal Information VS. ERP, External
Information VS. SCM, CRM, DCM
2. Information sub_systems:- TPS,
EDPS, OAS, MIS, EIS. ES
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MIS To support operations, management, analysis and
decision making functions In an organization (All of
Activities and Fuctions of Information Processors)
1. Target Gropus
• Shareholders/ Stock Holders
• Stakeholders
2. Activities of Target Groups
• Strategy/ Top Management:- SISP
• Tactical/ Management/ Middle Management:- MIS/
Information Center, KB Center
• Operating Management:- Network Centric Operation/
NCO
3. Function/ All of Applications:- Interdisciplinary
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1
Foundations of Information
Systems
in Business
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1
Learning Objectives
• Explain why knowledge of information
systems is important for business
professionals and identify five key areas of
information systems knowledge.
• Give examples to illustrate how the business
applications of information systems can
support a firm’s business processes,
managerial decision making, and strategies
for competitive advantage.
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1
Learning Objectives (Continued)
• Provide examples of the components of real
world information systems.
• Provide examples of several major types of
information systems.
• Identify several challenges that a business
manager might face in managing the
successful and ethical development and use
of information technology in a business.
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1
Information Systems Framework
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1
Information Systems Concepts (Continued)
• Foundation Concepts
– Fundamental concepts about the
components and roles of information
systems.
• Information Technologies
– Major concepts, developments, and
management issues in information
technology.
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1
Information Systems Concepts (Continued)
• Business Applications
– The major uses of information systems for operations,
management, and competitive advantage.
• Development Processes
– How business professionals and information specialists
plan, develop, and implement information systems.
• Management Challenges
– The challenge of managing ethically and effectively.
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1
What IS a system?
• A group of interrelated or interacting
elements forming a unified whole, OR
• A group of interrelated components working
together toward a common goal by
accepting inputs and producing outputs in
an organized transformation process
(dynamic system).
• Three basic interacting components:
– Input
– Processing (transformation process)
– Output
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1
Add Feedback and Control Loops..
• And the system, now called a cybernetic
system, becomes even more useful.
– Self-monitoring
– Self-regulating
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Other System Characteristics
• A system exists and functions in an environment
containing other systems.
• Subsystem – a component of a larger system.
• Systems that share the same environment may be
connected to one another through a shared boundary,
or interface.
• Open versus closed system.
• Adaptive system
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Components of an INFORMATION System
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Components of an Information System
(Continued)
• People Resources
– End Users
– IS Specialists
• Hardware Resources
– Computer systems
– Peripherals
• Software Resources
– System software
– Application software
– Procedures
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Components of an Information System
(Continued)
• Data Resources
– Data versus Information
• Network Resources
– Communication media
– Network support
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Data Versus Information
Monthly Sales Report
for West Region
Sales Rep: Charles Mann
Emp No. 79154
Item
Qty Sold Price
TM Shoes 1200
$100
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Attributes of Information Quality
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Logical Data Elements
Name
Field
Payroll
Record
Payroll
File
Personnel
Database
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1
Information Products
• Focus is on the end-user.
• They are the result of IS
activities…
–
–
–
–
–
Input
Processing
Output
Storage
Control
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1
Section II
• Foundation Concepts: Business
Applications, Development, and
Management
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Major Roles of IS
Support
Competitive
Advantage
Support
Business
Decision Making
Support of
Business Processes and Operations
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Major Roles of IS (continued)
• Support Business Processes
• Support Decision Making
• Support Competitive Advantage
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The Present and the Future
• E-Business
– The use of Internet technologies to internet
work and empower…
• Business processes
• Electronic commerce, and
• Enterprise communication & collaboration
– Within a company & with its customers,
suppliers, & other business stakeholders.
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IS in the E-Business Enterprise
• Every business competes globally
(whether they realize it or not)
• IS supports business operations through
the use of:
–
–
–
–
Intranets
Extranets
Internet
Other information technologies
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IS in the E-Business Enterprise (continued)
• Enterprise Collaboration Systems
– Support communication, coordination, &
collaboration.
• Virtual teams
• Electronic Commerce
– Buying & selling, and marketing &
servicing of products, services, &
information.
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Trends in Information Systems
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Orasa T.
1
Types of Information Systems
• Operations Support Systems
– Transaction processing systems
• Batch – transaction data accumulate over
time, processed periodically.
• Real-time – data processed immediately after
a transaction occurs.
– Process Control Systems – monitor &
control physical processes.
– Enterprise Collaboration Systems
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Orasa T.
1
Types of Information Systems (continued)
• Management Support Systems
– Management Information Systems – prespecified reports & displays to support
decision-making.
– Decision Support Systems – provide
interactive ad hoc support.
– Executive Information Systems – critical
information tailored to the information
needs of executives.
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Types of Information Systems (continued)
• Other Classifications
– Expert systems – expert advice
– Knowledge management systems –
support the creation, organization, &
dissemination of business knowledge
– Functional business systems – support
the basic business functions
– Strategic information systems – strategic
advantage
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Developing IS Solutions to Business
Challenges
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Ethical Challenges
• Just because we can, should we?
• Where do we draw the line between
customer privacy and collecting business
information?
• Do we owe it to society to use this
technology wisely and responsibly?
Why? Isn’t our job to make a profit?
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1
In Summary, the IS Function…
• Is a major functional area of business.
• Is an important contributor to operational efficiency,
employee productivity and morale, and customer
service & satisfaction.
• Is a major source of information and support for
decision making.
• Provides a strategic advantage in developing
competitive products & services.
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Discussion Questions
• How can information technology support a
company’s business processes and decision making,
and give it a competitive advantage?
• How does the use of the Internet, intranets, and
extranets by an e-business enterprise support their ecommerce activities?
• Why do big companies still fail in their use of
information technology? What should they be doing
differently?
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Discussion Questions (continued)
• How can a manager demonstrate that he or she is a
responsible end user of information systems?
• What are some of the toughest management
challenges in developing IT solutions to solve
business problems and meet new e-business
opportunities?
• Why are there so many conceptual classifications of
information systems? Why are they typically
integrated in information systems found in the real
world?
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Discussion Questions (continued)
• In what major ways have the roles of
information systems applications in
business expanded during the last 40
years? What is one major change you
think will happen in the next 10 years?
• Can the business use of Internet
technologies help a company gain a
competitive advantage?
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1
References
• James A. O'Brien; George M. Marakas.
Management Information Systems:
Managing Information Technology in the
Business Enterprise 6th Ed., Boston:
McGraw-Hill/ Irwin,2004
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Information Systems
• Information Systems are becoming the
foundation of business models and
processes
• They allow for the distribution of
knowledge
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IT and IS
• What is Information Technology?
– Any form of technology used by people to
handle information.
• What are Information Systems?
– Integrated components processing, storing and
disseminating information in an organisation.
– Interdisciplinary study of systems that provide
information to users in organisations.
Pyle, I.C. & Illingworth, V. (Eds) (1996). Oxford Dictionary of Computing, 4 th Edition. Oxford / New York: Oxford
University Press
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Information and Data
• Information
– Clusters of facts meaningful and useful to
human beings in processes such as making
decisions
• Data
– Streams of raw facts representing events such
as business transactions – meaningless without
structure
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Experiences of IT and IS
• Examples of IT
– Hardware (PC, UNIX server)
– Software (e-mail, Internet, Windows, Word)
– Consumer devices (mobiles, train times)
• Examples of IS
– File systems, databases, e-mail servers / clients
– e-commerce
– SAP, student records
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Management Information
Systems
• MIS
– The study of information systems focusing on
their use in business and management.
• Approaches
– Technical
– Behavioural
– Sociotechnical
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Approaches to IS
TECHNICAL APPROACHES
COMPUTER
OPERATIONS
SCIENCE
RESEARCH
MANAGEMENT
SCIENCE
MIS
SOCIOLOGY
PSYCHOLOGY
POLITICAL
SCIENCE
MSIT:- Pichai Takkabutr DEC, 2010
BEHAVIORAL APPROACHES
SOCIOTECHNICAL
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Why is IS Important?
• For an organisation to survive and prosper
– More locations (networking, Internet)
– New products and services
– Improve jobs and work flows:
• Efficiency
• Cost
• Ethical and social issues
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Why is IS Important?
• Worldwide changes:
–
–
–
–
Global economy
Knowledge- or information-based society
Business enterprise
Digital firm
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Global Economy
• Growing percentage of economy relies upon
import and export
• Need to operate globally
• IS can provide global trading infrastructure
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Information Economy
70%
60%
% SERVICE
50%
% WHITE COLLAR
40%
% BLUE COLLAR
30%
% FARMING
20%
10%
0%
YEAR
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Changes to Society
• Change of employment profiles:
–
–
–
–
Less farming
Less ‘blue collar’ – manufacturing
Increased service
Increased ‘white collar’ – office-based
• USA: 55% of work force are in knowledgeor information-based activities
• Shift of manufacture to low-wage countries
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Business Enterprise
•
•
•
•
Change from hierarchical organisations
Now flat, decentralised
Relies on instant information
Flexibility with customer focus, with
increasing importance
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Digital Firm
• An organisation where:
– Nearly all relationships with customers,
suppliers and employees is digital
– Business processes accomplished through
digital networks
• Flexible
• Dependent upon on IT
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Course Objectives
• Provide an understanding of
–
–
–
–
IS and underlying IT
Impact on organisations of IS
Implementation and management of IS
IS and global organisations
• Provide awareness of IS in your role as a
professional
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Course Content
• Information Systems in an Organisation
• Information Systems, Organisations,
Management and Strategy
• Enhancing Management Decision Making
• Managing Data and Information
• Redesigning the Organisation with
Information Systems and Managing Change
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Course Content
• Electronic Commerce and the Internet
• Information Systems Security and Control
• Managing International Information
Systems
• Managing Assets
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Tutorials
• Three case studies over semester
– Information systems, organisations and
decision support
– Changing organisations
– International organisations and the Internet
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Assessment
• One piece of individual course-work
–
–
–
–
40% of module
Case study report
Set in week 1
Due beginning week 12 (Monday by 5:00pm)
• Exam
– 60% of module
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Text Book
• Haag, Cummings, McCubbrey (2004).
Management Information Systems for the
Information Age, 4th Edition. McGraw Hill.
• Turban, McLean, Wetherbe (1999). Information
Technology for Management, 2nd Edition. John
Wiley & Sons. Inc.
• Laudon, K.C. & Laudon, J.P. (2002).
Management Information Systems: Managing the
Digital Firm, 7th Edition. Upper Saddle River,
New Jersey: Prentice-Hall International, Inc.
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Topics
Topic
Introduction
1
Information Systems in an Organisation
2, 11.1
Information Systems, Organisations, Management and Strategy
3
Enhancing Management Decision Making
13
Managing Data and Information
7, 12
Redesigning the Organisation with Information Systems and
Managing Change
10, 11.2/3
Electronic Commerce and the Internet
4, 8, 9
Information Systems Security and Control
14
Managing International Information Systems
16
Managing Assets
5, 6
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Case Study
Planning a New Internet Business
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