 Kailey
Cox, Ally Johnson, Chad
Collins,
 and Chris Reiss
Countries
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United Kingdom-London
Ireland-Dublin*
Norway-Oslo
Sweden-Stockholm
Germany-Berlin
Denmark-Copenhagen
Belgium-Brussels
France-Paris
Netherlands-Amsterdam
Switzerland-Bern*
Italy-Rome*
Spain-Madrid
Portugal-Lisban
Facts- Western Europe
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400 million people, the highest is Germany at 82.6 million, and 826
people in Vatican city (which is in fact a country)
Celtic tribes arrived on the island between 600-150 B.C. Invasions by
Norsemen that began in the late 8th century were finally ended when
King Brian BORU defeated the Danes in 1014. English invasions began
in the 12th century and set off more than seven centuries of Anglo-Irish
struggle marked by fierce rebellions and harsh repressions. A failed
1916 Easter Monday Rebellion touched off several years of guerrilla
warfare that in 1921 resulted in independence from the UK for 26
southern counties; six northern counties remained part of the UK. In
1948 Ireland withdrew from the British Commonwealth; it joined the
European Community in 1973. Irish governments have sought the
peaceful unification of Ireland and have cooperated with Britain against
terrorist groups. A peace settlement for Northern Ireland is being looked
at with some difficulties. In 2006, the Irish and British governments
developed and began working to implement the St. Andrew's
Agreement, building on the Good Friday Agreement approved in 1998.
Economy
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Population growth rate: 1.15% (2006 est.)
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Religions: Roman Catholic 88.4%, Church of Ireland 3%,
other Christian 1.6%, other 1.5%, unspecified 2%, none
3.5% (2002 census).
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Languages-English, French, Spanish, Portuguese, Italian,
German, Dutch, Swedish, Norwegian, Finnish , Gaelic,
Welsh, Catalan, and Flemish.
Switzerland
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Climate-rises to 30C(86f) in summer and rarely
drops to 5c (41f) in winter.
Mountains!!!!!!
GDP per capita- $42,900
Unemployment rate- 3.9%
Population below poverty line- 7.4%
Population growth-.22%
Languages- French, Dutch, Italian, and Croation
Government- Switzerland
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Switzerland is a confederation governed under the constitution of 1874 as
revised in 1998. The president, who is both head of state and head of
government, is elected annually by the legislature. The cabinet, or Federal
Council, is the main executive body; it is composed of seven members
elected for four years by the legislature. The bicameral legislature, or
Federal Assembly, consists of the 46-seat Council of States, with two
members from each canton and one from each half canton, and the 200seat National Council, whose members are popularly elected. All legislators
serve four-year terms. Switzerland frequently employs the referendum as
well as the popular initiative to achieve political change.
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Micheline Anne-Marie Calmy-Rey is the 2011 president of
Switzerland. She was also the president of Switzerland in 2007,
and was the 2nd woman president of Switzerland.The president
changes every year in Switzerland. The president is always a
member of the Federal Council, formed of 7 counselors, or
ministers). Usually, the president was the vice-president the
previous year.The entire Federal Council is considered a
collective Head of State
News in switzerland
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Gaddafi believes Switzerland is "a world mafia and not a state,"
according to Time Magazine. So he submitted a proposal to the
United Nations recommending that "the Italian-speaking part of the
country should be returned to Italy, the German-speaking part to
Gaddafi's battle with Switzerland seems to stem from the arrest and
detention of his son and his son's wife by the Swiss police in
Geneva, in July of 2008, on charges of allegedly beating two of
their servants at a local hotel.
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Gaddafi is Muammar Gaddafi has ruled Libya as the African
country's dictator. Reagan called Gaddafi "the mad dog of the
Middle East" and ordered U.S. Air Force bombings in Tripoli in 1986
that killed Gaddafi's daughter. for more than four decades.
Italy
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Climate-Italy has a variety of climate systems. The inland northern areas of Italy (for
example Turin, Milan, and Bologna) have a Humid subtropical climate.
-Population: 58,133,509 approximately
-Growth Rate of Population: 0.68%
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Ethnic groups: Italian. But exists some clusters of German, French, and Slovene. There
are also few Albanian-Italians and Greek-Italians in the south.
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Religions- * 90% belong to Roman
* 10% are Protestant or Jewish
* There are also very few Muslim immigrant
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-Languages Spoken: Officially Italian (official); others include: German, French,
Slovene
Government-Italy
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Government Type:republic
President Giorgio Napolitano
Head of State: Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi
Legislature: bicameral Parliament consists of the Senate (a 21-member
body appointed by the governor general on the recommendations of the
prime minister and the leader of the opposition; ruling party is allocated 13
seats, and the opposition is allocated 8 seat
Voting Age:18 years of age; universal (except in senatorial elections, where
minimum age is 25)
In 1946 Italy changed its government. In this year, the people voted
to change their nation from a monarchy, which was ruled by a king
to a republic that was headed by a president. King Humbert the 2nd
fastest left the throne and the voters elected 556 members to the
Constituent Assembly to write a constitution. The constitution was
passed in 1947 and took effect on January 1,1948. The constitution
established a government, which was made up of a president, the
Council of Ministers headed by a prime minister, and a Parliament
with a Senate and a Chamber of Deputies.
-It is the largest temple in Ancient Rome
located at the far east side of the Forum
Romanum near the Colosseum.
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12,000 feet high, the summit at Mont Blanc is one of the most
popular peaks in Western Europe. Set between the Aosta Valley in
Italy and Haute-Savoie in France, the two countries have a peaceful
dispute over who actually can claim rights to the peaks.
Regardless, the mountain is a safe climb for even amateur climbers
Ireland’s Government
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Parliamentary Republic
 No clear difference between the executive and
legislative branches
 Executive Branch
○ Head of government (Prime Minister) and the head of
state (President) differ greatly with the head of state
holding the real power
○ No Vice President
○ President (Mary McAleese)
 35 years old and citizen
 7 year terms and can only serve 2 terms
Government…
 Legislative
Branch
 Senate
○ 60 seats (49 elected by universities and
candidates and 11 elected by Prime Minister)
 House of Representatives
○ 166 seats (all elected by popular vote)
Economy
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GDP per capita
 $38,816
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Exports
 Machinery and equipment, computers, chemicals,
pharmaceuticals
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Production
 Steel, lead, zinc, silver, aluminum, and barite
History and Culture
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Republic of Ireland
 26 counties
 Independent from Britain
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Northern Ireland
 6 counties
 Majority of the people
didn’t want independence
from Britain
History and Culture…
 Independence
 1921
 Languages
 English, Irish, Polish, Shelta
 Religions
 Roman Catholic- 92%, Presbyterian,
Methodist, Jewish
Population Characteristics
 Population
 6.27 million
○ 4.47 million in Republic and 1.8 million in the north
 Ethnic
Groups
 87.4%- Irish
 7.5%- White
 1.3%- Asian
 1.1%-Black
 1.1%- Mixed
Population…
 Growth
Rate
 1.007%
Climate and Topography
 Emerald Isle
 Atlantic Ocean and Gulf Stream
○ A lot of precipitation
 Winter
 Mountains have snow many weeks
 On the lower ground it only snows a few
days every year
 There are a few weeks each winter when
temperatures don’t rise over freezing all day
Climate and Topography…
 Summer
 Warm, sunny weather
 Average temperature is
15 degrees Celsius
 Thunderstorms mostly
occur in July and August
Climate and Topography…
 Elevation
 Highest Point
○ Carrauntoohill
 1041 meters (3,415ft)
 Longest
River
 River Shannon
○ 240 miles
PIIGS
 Portugal
Italy Ireland Greece Spain
 Term used to describe the countries with a
terrible economy in Europe
 In debt because they borrowed too much
money and cant pay it back
 Other European countries will have to help,
possibly putting them in debt
PIIGS
 Causes
of the PIIGS going in debt
 Price of the Euro goes up
○ Other countries buy more products from the
U.S. which causes the $ to go up because
demand rises
 The PIIGS can’t buy exports from the U.S. causing
Europe and the U.S. to go into debt