Introduction to Zoology Guided Notes Spring 15
What is an Animal?
 are members of ____________________________________
 are ____________________________
 are _______________________________
 are _______________________________
 lack cells walls
What is an Animal?
 Multicelluar: Having more than _________ cell
 Eukaryotic: Organisms whose cell contain a ______________________
 Heterotroph: Organisms that obtains _____________ from the foods it consumes; also
called a ______________________.
 Cell Wall: Strong ______________ around the cell membrane in plants, ___________,
& some bacteria.
2 Types of Animals
 Invertebrates: Animals that do not have a _____________________or a vertebral
column
 Vertebrates: Animals that has a _____________________ column, or backbone
What animals do to survive:
 Animals carry out the following essential functions
1. Feed
5. _________________
2. _________________
6. Move
3. Circulation
7. _________________
4. Excrete
Essential Functions:
 Feeding: Animals feed in a large _________________ of ways.
 Carnivore: Eats ____________ ONLY
 Herbivore: Eats ___________ ONLY
 Omnivore: Eats meat & plants
 Detritivore: Feeds on plant and animal ____________________ and other dead matter
called ________________ (Includes poop).
Additional Types of Feeders
 Insectivores: Eats _______________ only
 Piscivores: Eat ___________ only
 Frugivores: Eats ________________
o Seed __________________ is important for plants because it allows their
progeny to move away from their parent’s space.
Introduction to Zoology Guided Notes Spring 15
o The advantages of seed dispersal may have led to the _____________________
of fleshy fruits, which entice animals to eat the fruits and move the plants seeds
from place to place.
o Mammal and ____________ species represent the majority of seed dispersing
species.
o Grainivores: Eats _____________ only
 Mainly birds, mammals, and _____________________
 To counterbalance effects of predation, plants have _________________
defenses such as seed morphology (size, shape, toughness) and chemical
defenses to defend against their seed predators
o Nectarivores: Eats _____________ only
 Includes butterflies, ______________________, bees, and many bats
 Very important plant pollinators
Essential Functions: Feeding Continued





some animals form symbiotic relationships
_____________________: is the relationship in which two species live closely together
o a. _________________
o b. Commensalism
o c. _________________
Mutualism: Symbiotic relationship in which _____________ species _________________ from
the relationship.
Commensalism: Symbiotic relationship in which one member of the association
________________ and the other is neither ___________________ nor
____________________.
Parasitism: Symbiotic relationship in which one organism lives in or on another organism and
______________ it.
Essential Functions
Respiration: Whether they live in water or on land, all animals _____________, which means they take
in _________________ and give off carbon ____________________.


Some can rely on diffusion of these substances through their skin
Most have evolved complex tissues and organ systems for respiration
Circulation: Many aquatic animals (ex: aquatic worms) rely solely on ____________________to
transport oxygen & _______________.

Larger animals have some kind of ____________________ system to move materials around
within their bodies.
Introduction to Zoology Guided Notes Spring 15
Excretion: A _____________________ waste product of cellular metabolism is ammonia, a
___________________ substance that contains nitrogen.


A buildup of ____________________ & other wastes would kill an animal
Animals have excretory system that either eliminates ammonia quickly or converts it into a less
______________ substance that is removed from the body.
Response: Animals respond to events in their environment using specialized cells called _____________
cells.



Nerve cells hook up together to form a _____________________ system
Some nerve cells are ______________________ that respond to sound, light, and other stimuli
The arrangement of nerve cells in the body ______________ dramatically from phylum to
phylum
Movement: Some live their entire lives __________________________ to a single spot.
 Most are _____________ meaning that they move
Reproduction: Most reproduce sexually by producing _____________________.
 Maintains genetic __________________ in populations
 Helps species _______________ when the environment changes
 Many reproduce _____________________ & allows to increase numbers rapidly
(inverts.)
Symmetry
Asymmetrical: Has ________ definite shape.
Radial Symmetry: Body is arranged in a _____________ like the ______________ of a wheel.
Bilateral Symmetry: If divided lengthwise in ____________, both sides will ______________.
Bilateral Symmetry
 Includes ________________, insects & vertebrates
 Have _____________________ body parts that repeat on either side of the body
Bilateral Symmetry
 Anterior End = Front End
 __________________ End = Back End
 Dorsal Side = Upper Side
 _______________ Side = Lower Side
Introduction to Zoology Guided Notes Spring 15
Animal Groupings to Know
ANIMAL
GROUP NAME