Reem Al Qubaisi – H00206868
Hofstede’s six dimensions

Power Distance (PDI)
Power distance measure of how culture recognizes hierarchy.
There’s two parts of power distance low and high, In low power
distance have democracy and in high power distance have a
totalitarian regime.
In Hofstede’s definition power distance reflect in the way people
understand the different of power.
Lower power distance used in family members that expect that
power be distributed unequally.
High power distance used in societies that accept hierarchies
without needing excuse.
Power distance index shows very high scores for Latin and Asian
countries, African areas and the Arab world.
On the other hand Anglo and Germanic countries have a lower
power distance (only 11 for Austria and 18 for Denmark).
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hofstede%27s_cultural_dimensions_theory
http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/power-distance-indexPDI.html#examples
Reem Al Qubaisi – H00206868

Individualism vs. Collectivism (IDV)
The meaning Individual is incorporated in group.
In individual societies people put stress in their achievement
and expect to stand up for them selves and choose their
affiliations unlike collectives societies.
Collectives is when individual work in group as primary entity
and individual just member of the group.
The benefit of collective learn from other member of the group
and exchange of idea, make decision with more than one
member but any member can accept or reject the idea.
North America and Europe can be considered as individualistic
with relatively high scores: for example, 80 for Canada and
Hungary.
In contrast, Asia, Africa and Latin America have strongly
collectivist values: Colombia scores only 13 points on the IDV
scale and Indonesia 14.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hofstede%27s_cultural_dimensions_theory
http://objectivism101.com/Lectures/Lecture39.shtml
Reem Al Qubaisi – H00206868

Uncertainty avoidance (UAI)
Means possibility of suspicion and mystery and people feel
more comfortable with uncertainty avoidance than other.
In Uncertainty avoidance Hofstede compered between
counties, people with low score comfortable with mystery and
there are more entrepreneurial, more likely to take a rick and
less dependent on structure rules but the countries with high
score Uncertainty avoidance they wish for stabilization, more
structures rules and they less comfortable taking a risk.
Uncertainty avoidance scores are the highest in Latin American
countries, Southern and Eastern Europe countries including
German speaking countries, and Japan.
They are lower for Anglo, Nordic, and Chinese culture
countries.
http://study.com/academy/lesson/hofstedes-uncertainty-avoidance-indexdefinition-example-cultures.html
Reem Al Qubaisi – H00206868

Masculinity vs. Femininity (MAS)
Masculinity means male, femininity means female and every
body know that Masculine cultures they are competitive,
materialism and has ambition and power but feminine cultures
they have value on relationship and quality of life.
In masculine culture they make a different between two
gender but feminine culture they treat both gender equally.
There studies showing that feminine culture values less than
masculine culture also masculine culture very assertive and
competitive unlike feminine culture they are humble and
caring.
Masculinity is extremely low in Nordic countries: Norway
scores 8 and Sweden only 5.
In contrast, Masculinity is very high in Japan (95), and in
European countries like Hungary, Austria and Switzerland
influenced by German culture.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hofstede%27s_cultural_dimensions_theory
http://www.clearlycultural.com/geert-hofstede-cultural-dimensions/masculinity/
Reem Al Qubaisi – H00206868

Long-term Orientation (LTO)
Long-term Orientation called Confucian dynamism.
Society with Long-term Orientation think more of the future
and they make it there priority and they saving and capacity for
adaptation also there short-term Orientation society they are
think more of past and present and respect there tradition and
fulfilling social obligations.
High long-term orientation scores are typically found in East
Asia, with China having 118, Hong Kong 96 and Japan 88. High
short term in Eastern and Western Europe , Anglo countries,
the Muslim world, Africa and in Latin America.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hofstede%27s_cultural_dimensions_theory
http://geert-hofstede.com/national-culture.html
Reem Al Qubaisi – H00206868

Indulgence vs. restraint (IVR)
Indulgence means to let human live their life neutrally without
restrain and having fun.
Restraint means human must suppresses gratification of needs by
having restricted social life.
Indulgence understand personal life control and have life
activities, restraint understand helplessness and if someone has
own control in his life he feel helpless and less actively.
Indulgence scores are highest in Latin America, parts of Africa, the
Anglo world and Nordic Europe.
Restraint is mostly found in East Asia, Eastern Europe and the
Muslim world.
http://hopeinterculturalcomm.weebly.com/indulgence-vs-restraint.html
http://www.asha.org/Practice-Portal/Professional-Issues/CulturalCompetence/Examples-of-Cultural-Dimensions/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hofstede%27s_cultural_dimensions_theory