MINES SAFETY IN INDIA
CONTROL OF ACCIDENTS AND
DISASTERS
ST
IN 21 CENTURY
S. N. PADHI
FORMER DIRECTOR GENERAL OF MINES SAFETY
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
MINING IN INDIA
600 COAL MINES
35 OIL PROJECTS
6000 METALI EROUS MINES
PRIMARY LABOUR INTENSIVE
ONE MILLION PERSONS EMPLOYED
OPENACAST COAL MINING ON
INCREASE
26% IN 1972 AND 75% IN 2000
ACCIDENT EXPERIENCE
OVER A CENTURY - COAL AND NON COAL MINES
TREND IN DEATH RATE PER 1000
PERSONS EMPLOYED
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
1901-10 1911-20 1921-30 1931-40 1941-50 1951-60 1961-70 1971-80 1981-90 1991-00
Fatality rate (Non-Coal)
Fatality rate (Coal)
ACCIDENT EXPERIENCE
LAST DECADE - COAL MINES
TREND IN DEATH RATES & SERIOUS INJURY
RATES IN COAL MINES
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
9
19
1
9
19
2
9
19
3
9
19
4
9
19
5
9
19
6
9
19
7
9
19
8
9
19
9
0
20
0
0
20
1
Death rate per
1000 persons
employed
Serious injury rate
per 1000 persons
employed
Death rate per
million tonnes
outpur
ACCIDENT EXPERIENCE
LAST DECADE - METALI FEROUS MINES
TREND IN DEATH RATES & SERIOUS INJURY RATES
IN METALLIFEROUS MINES
2
1.5
1
Death rate
0.5
Serious
injury rate
01
20
00
20
99
19
98
19
97
19
96
19
95
19
94
19
93
19
92
19
91
19
90
19
19
89
0
ACCIDENT EXPERIENCE
CAUSE WISE - COAL MINES
Sl. No.
Cause
Average 1994-98
1
Roof fall
28
2
Side fall
8
3
Fall of objects
3
4
Fall of persons
7
5
Explosives
3
6
Dumper / Trucks
16
7
Rope Haulage
12
8
Other Mechinery
14
9
Other Causes
9
Total (%)
100
1999
22
7
3
11
3
16
11
10
17
100
2000
24
10
2
7
1
21
8
7
20
100
2001
24
10
1
8
2
19
11
12
13
100
Average 1994-2001
24
9
2
8
2
18
11
11
15
100
ACCIDENT EXPERIENCE
CAUSE WISE - METALLIFEROUS MINES
Sl. No.
Cause
Average 1994-98
1
Roof fall
5
2
Side fall
16
3 Fall of objects
10
4
Fall of persons
14
5
Explosives
6
6
Dumper / Trucks
24
7
Other Mechinery
13
8
Other Causes
12
Total (%)
100
1999
3
14
3
21
10
22
10
17
100
2000
3
20
8
18
5
31
8
15
100
2001
3
9
3
14
9
32
16
14
100
Average 1994-2001
3
15
6
14
8
27
12
15
100
ROOF FALL - MAJOR KILLER IN COAL MINES
INITIATIVES FOR REDUCTION
PIACT MISSION (ILO) - FRESHLY EXPOSED ROOF
DGMS / CMRS - EXPERIMENT : NEW SUPPORTS
EXPERT GROUP GUIDE LINES
R.M.R. AND SUPPORT SYSTEMS
REGULATIONS AMMENDED - SUPPORT PLANS
STEEL SUPPORTS AND ROOF BOLTING
FOREIGN EXPERTISE : DGMS GUIDE LINES
DUMPERS TRANSPORT MACHINERY
MAJOR KILLERS IN OPENCAST MINES
• MAJOR INITIATIVES
• SAETY CONFERENCE RECOMMENDATIONS
• CODE OF PRACTICE FOR DUMPING ETC
• MAINTENANCE OF HAUL ROADS
• REPAIR AND OVER HAUL OF HEMM
• TRAINING OF OPERATORS
CONTROL OF ACCIDENTS
(A) NEW INITIATIVES - MANAGEMENT
NINTH SAFETY CONFERENCE
• RISK ASSESSMENT : SAFETY MANAGEMENT PLAN
• EMBRACE ORGANISATIONAL, BEHAVIOURIAL AND
CULTURAL SYSTEMS OVER ENGINEERING INITIATIVES
• ROLE OF MANAGER AS PROMOTOR AND FACILITATOR
• TEAM BUILDING AND COMMUNICATION
• SAFETY PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL IN BOARD
MEETINGS
CONTROL OF ACCIDENTS
(B) NEW INITIATIVES : WORKERS
TOTAL INVOLVEMENT OF ALL EMMPLOYEES
IN SAFETY MANAGEMENT
•
PHYSICAL, EMOTIONAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL
•
EFFECTIVE SAFETY COMMITTEES
• SECTIONAL / DEPARTMENTAL FOR SPECIFIC
AREAS OF OPERATION
CONTROL OF ACCIDENTS
(C) NEW INITIATIVES : ENGINEERINGS
QUALITY CONTROL OF MATERIALS
• BY USER
• BY MANUFACTURER
• BY SUPPLIER
CONFIRM STANDARDS
QUALITY CONTROL / TESTING CELLS
DISASTERS IN COAL MINES
CAUSE WISE - OVER LAST CENTURY
Cause
Explosion
Inrush of water
Roof fall
Mine fire
Others
Total
No. of incidences Percentage of total
22
14
7
3
5
51
43.1
27.5
13.7
5.9
9.8
100
Fatalities
No.
Percentage
1134
54
678
32.6
100
4.8
94
4.5
73
3.5
2079
100
DISASTER IN COAL MINES
CAUSE WISE - SPECIFIC PERIODS - PERCENTAGE
Cause
Explosion
Inundation
Fire
Roof fall
Others
Total (%)
1901-23
65
11
0
9
15
100
1924-47
76
6
9
3
6
100
1948-73
76
20
0
4
0
100
1974-99
11
75
10
4
0
100
FATALITIES DUE TO EXPLOSIONS REDUCED MAJOR
CAUSES
• WITHDRAWAL OF MUGGBATTIS (OPEN
FLAME)
• INTRODUCTION OF CAP LAMPS
• STONE DUST BARRIERS
• ALL U.G. COAL MINES TREATED GASSY
• IMPROVED VENTILATION STANDARDS
• ADOPTION OF IMPROVED TECHNOLOGY
• MANDATORY EMERGENCY PLANS
DISASTERS DUE TO INUNDATION MAJOR CAUSES
• CRISS CROSSED RIVER VALLEY’S
• ABANDONED WORKINGS NEAR WATER BODIES
• LOWERING OF GROUND PROFILE DUE TO
MINING
• MULTIPLE SEAMS - WATER LOGGED WORKING
• FRAGMENTED AND THIN MINE BOUNDARIES
• UNSTABLE WORKINGS BELOW WATER BODIES
• UNDERLIABLE PROTECTIVE MEASURES
DISASTERS DUE TO
INUNDATION MAJOR CAUSES
- CONTINUED
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
HEAVY RAINFALL
CHANGE OF WATER COURSE
CONSTRICTION ON WATER COURSES
IN ACCURATE SURVEY
INCORRECT MINE PLANS
INEFFECTIVE EVACUATION SYSTEM
GEOLOGICAL DISTURBANCES
WATER CHARGED STRATA
DISASTERS DUE TO INUNDATION
PREVENTIVE MEASURES
• RECOMMENDATIONS OF COURTS OF ENQUIRY
• RECOMMENDATIONS OF NINETH SAFETY CONFERENCE
• DELINATION OF WATER BODIES
• AWARENESS PROGRAMMES
• INVOLVEMENT OF ALL CONCERNED
• DISEMINATION OF INFORMATIONS
• PROPER COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
• RAINFALL WARNING AND METEOROGICAL DATA
• IDENTIFY SIGNALS AND TAKE MEASURES
DISASTERS DUE TO INUNDATION
PREVENTIVE MEASURES - CONTINUED
• BETTER DESIGN OF PROTECTIVE
• MEASURES ON ENGINEERING CONSIDERATIONS
• ADJUSTMENT OF HFL AS PER CHARGED RIVER
CHANNEL
• R & D EFFORTS
• GEOPHISICAL METHODS FOR LOCATING U.G. WATER
BODIES
• INFRASTRUCTURE FOR DRILLING OF ADVANCE
BOREHOLES
• RISK ASSESSMENT & RISK MANAGEMENT
• RESPONSIBILITIES AT EACH STAGE DEFINED
• DYNAMIC AND VIBRANT MANAGEMENT
Thank
You.. !