Planning for Health
Emergency Management
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Hyogo Framework for Action
Building the resilience of Nations and Communities to Disasters
Five Priority Actions:
1. Make Disaster Risk Reduction a priority – ensure that
DRR is a national and a local priority with strong
institutional basis for implementation
2. Know the risk and take action – identify, assess and
monitor disaster risks and enhance early warning
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Hyogo Framework for Action
Five Priority Actions:
3. Build understanding and awareness – use knowledge,
innovation and education to build a culture of safety and
resilience at all levels
4. Reduce risks – reduce the underlying risk factors
5. Be prepared and ready to act – strengthen disaster
preparedness for effective response at all levels
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Risk Management
is a comprehensive strategy for reducing threats and
consequences to public health and safety of
communities by:
preventing exposure to hazards
(target = hazards)
reducing vulnerabilities
(target group = community)
developing response and recovery capacities
(target group = response agencies)
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Emergency Management Plan
An agreed set of arrangements for:
responding to, and
recovering from emergencies
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Emergency Management Plan
A plan containing description of:
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Responsibilities
Command & coordination mechanism
Management structures
Resource management
Information management and communication
Training and exercises
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Preparedness
 measures to build capacities to respond to, and recover
from emergencies
Capacity
ability to manage risks by:
•reducing hazards
•reducing vulnerabilities
•reducing consequences by responding to, and
•recovering from emergencies
In terms of:
•Organization; systems; resources and partnership
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Emergency Planning
Process
Analyze resources
Define the plan
Form Planning Group
Describe Roles and
Responsibilities
Hazard Analysis
Vulnerability Analysis
Describe Management
Structure
Risk Analysis
Problems/Gaps Analysis
Develop Strategies and
Systems
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
“Hospital Emergency Preparedness, Response
and Recovery Plan Development ‘08”
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Emergency Preparedness,
Response and Recovery Plan
1. Emergency Preparedness Plan consists a
Programme for:
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Hazard prevention
•
Vulnerability reduction
•
Emergency preparedness
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Case Study: Country X
• Category 5 tropical typhoon
( > 250 kph winds) struck Country X
• associated with heavy rainfall and flood
• Landslide from the lava of previously
erupted volcano
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Impacts to the community
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450 injured; 86 deaths; 820 missing
15 drowned; 7 electrocuted
1,500 displaced families
two hospitals flooded till 2nd floor
All health Centers flooded
Immunization services disrupted
Pre-natal check ups halted
Private clinics closed down
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Impacts to the community
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Damaged houses, flooded buildings,
Damaged telephone and electrical lines
Impassable roads
Electrical brown outs, no water supply
Damaged vehicles and roads
Closed stores and businesses
Damaged schools
Damaged crops
Snake bites
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Impacts to the community
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•
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•
•
Garbage collection halted
Flood water stagnated
Human wastes everywhere
Toilets flooded and overflowed
Mud covered all streets
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Evacuation Site Scenario
• Damaged lifelines
• Overcrowding
• Poor environmental sanitation
• No access to safe water
• No community surveillance system
• Inadequate sanitary toilets
• Health workers are direct victims
• Disrupted basic health services
• Severe depression of the bereaved
and other health workers
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Exercise: Emergency Preparedness Prog.
• Group the participants
> Develop the Emergency
• For country X
Preparedness Program
• Identify the hazards
• Identify the vulnerabilities of people, properties,
environment, services, and livelihood
• Identify the risks to the community as to people, properties,
environment, services, and livelihood
• Identify the services needed
• Identify the capacities needed
Hazard
Vulnerabilities
Risks
Services
Capacities
Organization
System
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
People
Exercise: Emergency Preparedness Prog.
• Group the participants
> Develop the Emergency
• For the Evacuation Site
Preparedness Program
• Identify the hazard
• Identify the vulnerabilities
• Identify the risks
• Identify the services needed
• Identify the capacities needed
Hazard
Vulnerabilities
Risks
Services
Capacities
Organization
System
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
People
ANATOMY OF COMMUNITY RISK MANAGEMENT
hazard
indicators:
probability
scale/magnitude/
strength/intensity
spread
duration
biological hazards:
season, infectivity,
latency, transmission
resistance, etc.
natural phenomena
famine
diseases of epidemic
potential
events/crowds
intoxification
infestations
transport accidents
structural failures
industrial accidents
chemical accidents
pollution
refugees
war
terrorism
community

vulnerability
indicators:
People:
access to health care
measles vaccination
under 5 nutrition
under 5 mortality
access to clean water
access to sanitation
adequate housing
employment/ income
female literacy
Property:
health infrastructure
vehicles
medical supplies
Services:
curative care services
ambulance services
public health services
health info system
Environment:
water/soil/air quality
readiness
Community
risk
=
multisectoral, all hazards
indicators:
indicators:
policy, plans, procedures
knowledge, skills, attitudes
resources
legislation
national & sectoral policy
administrative procedures
response & recovery plans
preparedness plans
technical guidelines
management structure
institutional managements
information systems
warning systems
human resources
material resources
financial resources
simulations & training
education
public information
community participation
research
publications
risk of:
death
injury (mental/
physical)
disease
(mental/physical)
loss of life
displacement
loss of property
loss of income
secondary hazards
breakdown in
security
damage to
infrastructure
breakdown in
services
Contamination
Prevention & Mitigation
Vulnerability Reduction
Emergency Preparedness
Community Risk
=


Programme
Programme
Programme
Management
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
2. Emergency Response Plan
to use built capacity to manage risks, includes :
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Policies for direction and plans to be activated
Systems and Procedures to be activated/implemented
Organized team to respond to emergencies
Available logistics and funds for the operation
Established networks for emergency management
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Emergency Response Plan
•
use existing capacities to deliver relief or response
•
mobilization of resources
•
use of developed systems for emergency management
•
actual implementation of guidelines/proedures for the
developed systems
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Activities during Response Phase
 Utilization of capacities built
 Activation of plans and systems developed
 Activation of OPCEN
 Mobilization of resources
 Management of emergency cases
 Validation and constant monitoring of the event
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Case Study: Country X
Report 1
• A destructive cyclone is coming with landfall after 24
hours was aired in the TV and radio
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Report 2
(9: 00 AM)
• Category 5 tropical typhoon
( > 250 kph winds) struck Country X
• associated with heavy rainfall
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Report 3 (11:00 AM)
• Flood starts to build up
• Landslide from the lava of previously
erupted volcano starts to roll down
the villages
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Report 4: at 11:30 AM
• 20 injured needing surgery
• 20 deaths;
• 15 drowned; 7 electrocuted needing to
to be revived
• 2 snake bite needing treatment
• 1,500 families needed to be evacuated
• 50 missing with mothers screaming
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Report 4: at 11:30 AM
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two hospitals flooded till 2nd floor,
non- functional Operating Rooms
Non-functional ambulances
All health Centers flooded non functional
Health workers are direct victim
Immunization services disrupted
Pre-natal check ups halted
Private clinics closed down
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Report 5: 12:00 PM
• 600 houses damaged, flooded buildings,
• No telecommunication
• Electrical brown out
• Impassable roads
• No water supply
• Damaged vehicles and roads
•Snake bites
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Report 5: 12:30 PM
•
•
•
•
Closed stores and businesses
Damaged schools
Damaged crops
Snake bites
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Impacts to the community
•
•
•
•
•
Garbage collection halted
Flood water stagnated
Human wastes everywhere
Toilets flooded and overflowed
Mud covered all streets
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Evacuation Site Scenario
• Damaged lifelines
• Overcrowding
• Poor environmental sanitation
• No access to safe water
• No community surveillance system
• Inadequate sanitary toilets
• Health workers are direct victims
• Disrupted basic health services
• Severe depression of the bereaved
and other health workers
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Response Plan
a.
Activation of Early Warning and Alert System
b.
Activation of the Plan
c.
Activation of the ICS
d.
Activation of the Operation Center
e.
Implementation of the RESPONSE Standard
Operating Procedures/ Protocols Emergencies
f.
Implementation of existing Standard Operating
Procedures/Guidelines for systems developed
g.
Initiation and Maintenance of Coordination and
networking for referrals of cases
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Response Plan
h.
Initiation and Maintenance of Mental Health and
Psychosocial
Support Services for casualties,
patients, hospital staff and other responders,
bereaved
i
Management of Information
j.
Activation of plan in the event of complete isolation of
hospital/CHD/community for auxiliary power, water
and food rationing, medication/ dressing rationing,
waste and garbage disposal, staff and patient morale
k.
Provision of the Public Health Services
l.
Management of the Dead
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
3. Recovery and Reconstruction Plan
• A plan to restore services and replace lost as well as
damaged elements of the community
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Recovery/Rehabilitation Plan
Hazard
Hospital
Risks
People
Property
Environment
Services
Livelihood
(Vulnerable)
People
Property
Environment
Services
Livelihood
(Damages
Needs)
Capacities used to
manage Risks
Emergency
Disaster
Recovery/
Rehabilitation
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Capacities
Utilized, lost
Damaged
Next Actions
1. Write the Plan and have it approved by the head of the
agency. The Plan is not a plan until written and
approved by the head of agency
2. Disseminate the plan to all the stakeholders and staff.
Everyone needs to know the plan so that in emergency
no one would ever say, “he does nothing cause he
knows nothing”.
3. Test the plan. The plan is believed to be effective only
when it is tested, be able to know its functionality,
acceptability, and doability in the hands of the
implementers. Update the plan
4. Implement the plan.
5. Monitor and evaluate the implementation of the plan
6. Review and update the plan regularly.
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman