World-makers
Cosmologie filosofică, spații
imaginare și nașterea științei
moderne
1543
Nicolaus
Copernicus, De
revolutionibus
orbium
coelestium
1604
Johannes
Kepler
1605, Francis
Bacon,
Astronomia
nova seu
physica
coelestis
The
Advancement
of Learning
1610
Galileo Galilei,
Sidereus
nuncius
The Scientific Revolution
1637
1686
Rene
Descartes,
Discours de la
methode pour
bien conduire
la raison
Isaac Newton,
Philosophiae
naturalis
principia
mathematica
(Principia)
1588
Giordano Bruno,
Cena del Ceneri
(Cina din
miercurea
cenușii)
Dialoguri
italiene
1622,
1588
Gianbattista
della Porta,
Magia naturalis,
(multe ediții,
până la mijlocul
secolului al XVIIlea)
1600
William Gilbert,
De magnete (On
the magnet, a
new natural
philosophy)
1602,
Tycho Brahe,
Astronomia
instauratae
mechanicae
Thomasso
Campanella,
Apologia pro
Galileo
(de asemenea,
Cetatea
Soarelui, scrisă
în închisoare)
The other side of the Scientific Revolution
1638
John Wilkins, A
discourse
concerning a
new world
(space-travel)
Early modern science/Early modern philosophy
• Prezentarea domeniului
The received world-view
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A universal language (Latin)
An integrated philosophical language (Aristotelianism)
A common textual corpus
A common culture (set of books, presuppositions, beliefs, representations)
Common methods for investigating nature
– Rational reflection and textual interpretation (hermeneutics)
– Observation?/evidence?
• Specific ways of communicating results (commentaries, the quaestiones
format)
• A common world-view?
Nicole Oresme, Le livre du
ciel et du monde, 1377
The material sphere =
Armillary sphere
Another material sphere =
the elemental sphere
Sacrobosco, Tractatus de sphaera
Sec. XIII? (the most popular handbook until late
16th century
Petrus Apian, Cosmographia
(numerous editions throughout the
16th century)
One of the most important 15th century philosophers
Studies in canon law (and philosophy?) Cologne –
found manuscripts of Pliny, Plautus
De concordantia catholica (1433)
Religious reformer (involved in the attempts to unify
the Catholic and the Greek Orthodox Church) – 1437
in Constantinople, cardinal of Brixen
De docta ignorantia (1440)
Nicolaus Cusanus
1401-1464
De coniecturis (1442–43), De dato patris luminum (1445),
Apologia doctae ignorantiae (1449), Idiota de sapientia,
Idiota de mente, Idiota de staticis experimentis (all 1450), De
visione Dei (1453), De beryllo (1458), De possest (1460), De li
non aliud (1461), De ludo globi (1462–63), De venatione
sapientiae (1462), Compendium (1464) and De apice
theoriae (1464), De Pace Fidei (1453) and Cribatio Alchorani
(1461).
The first Copernican
The persecuted scientist (burned at stake
in Campo del Fiori, Feb 1, 1600)
The Renaissance Magus (Francis Yates,
1964)
A dangerous heretic, willing to replace the
Christian religion with the religion of the
“Egyptians”
Magician and necromancer (Culianu,
1984)
One of the most brilliant critiques of the
Aristotelian world-view (Gatti, 2008,
2011)
Employed by two kings, changed the
religion (three times?), dwelt into
astronomy, magic, metaphysics
Giordano Bruno (1548-1600)
Intelligencer and spy
Bruno: “World-maker”
There are no ends, boundaries, limits or walls which can defraud or
deprive us of the infinite multitude of things. Therefore the earth and
the ocean thereof are fecund; therefore the sun's blaze is everlasting,
so that eternally fuel is provided for the voracious fires, and moisture
replenishes the attenuated seas. For from infinity is born an ever fresh
abundance of matter.
Thus Democritus and Epicurus, who maintained that everything
throughout infinity suffereth renewal and restoration, understood
these matters more truly than those who at all costs maintain a belief
in the immutability of the Universe, alleging a constant and
unchanging number of particles of identical material that perpetually
undergo transformation, one into another.
Galileo Galilei
(1564-1642)
Portret de Ottavio Leoni
(1624)
Stars visible without a
telescope
What is the new
instrument?
- a “microscope”
- a “telescope”
Perspicillium
• Spectacle-truncke (Mark Ridley, A treatise on
magnetical bodies and motions, 1613)
• Spy-glass
• http://library.si.edu/digitallibrary/book/sidereusnunciusm00gali
Matematician
Filosof
experimental
Teolog
Alchimist
Master of the
Mint
President of the
Royal Society
Isaac Newton (1643-1727)
Principiile matematice ale
filosofiei naturale