ANIMAL DIVERSITY
~ INVERTEBRATES
~VERTEBRATES
GROUP MEMBERS:
CHIKO WONG (MS0915542650)
ADELINE CHIENG YIH FANG (MS0915514266)
NURFAEZAH BINTI DELIE (MS0915516276)
AYUNI BINTI SAMSUL BAHRI (MS0915514523)
ANIMAL DIVERSITY I
INVERTEBRATES
PHYLUM
EXAMPLE
PHYLUM PORIFERA
Spongia
PHYLUM COELENTERATA
Aurelia aurita
PHYLUM PLATYHELMINTHES
Planaria
PHYLUM NEMATODA
Ascaris lumbricoides (Round worm)
PHYLUM ANNELIDA
Lumbricus terrastris (Earthworm)
PHYLUM MOLLUSCA
Achatina fulica (Garden Snail)
PHYLUM ARTHROPODA
Class: Crustacea
Crab
PHYLUM ARTHROPODA
Class: Chilopoda
Centipede
PHYLUM ARTHROPODA
Class: Arachnida
Spider
PHYLUM ARTHROPODA
Class: Merostoma
Horseshoe crab
PHYLUM ARTHROPODA
Class: Insecta
Grasshopper
PHYLUM ARTHROPODA
Class: Diplopoda
Millipede
PHYLUM ECHINODERMATA
Asterias sp. (Star fish)
PHYLUM POLIFERA
Spongia
Kingdom:
Phylum:
Class:
Animalia
Porifera
Bowerbank,
1817
Calcarea
• Sponges are multicellular but are
thought to have evolved from
unicellular protists.
• Sponges are sessile (immobile)
filter feeders.
• Although sponges have cells with
specialized functions they do not
have tissues.
• The inner layer is composed of
flagellated collar cells
(choanocytes).
• The flagella beat to move water in
through the pores and out the
osculum.
PHYLUM COELENTERATA
Aurelia aurita
Kingdom:
Phylum:
Class:
Order:
Family:
Genus:
Animalia
Cnidaria
Scyphozoa
Semaeostomeae
Ulmaridae
Aurelia
• Aurelia aurita (moon jelly, moon
jellyfish, common jellyfish,
saucer jelly) is one of a suite of
more than ten morphologically
nearly identical jellyfish species in
the genus Aurelia.
• The medusa is translucent, usually
about 25-40 cm across, and can be
recognized by its four horseshoeshaped gonads that are easily seen
through the top of the bell.
PHYLUM PLATYHELMINTHES
Planaria
Kingdom:
Subkingdom:
Superphylum:
Phylum:
Class:
Order:
Suborder:
Family:
Animalia
Eumetazoa
Platyzoa
Platyhelminthes
Turbellaria
Seriata
Tricladida
Planariidae
• Planaria are living in both saltwater and
freshwater ponds and rivers. Some
species are terrestrial and are found under
logs, in the soil, and on plants.
• Exhibit an extraordinary ability to
regenerate lost body parts.
• Planarians' length ranges from 1 to 20
millimetres and the body has two eyespots (also known as ocelli) that can
detect the intensity of light. The eye-spots
act as photoreceptors and are used to
move away from light sources.
• The term "planaria" is most often used as
a common name.
PHYLUM NEMATODA
Ascaris lumbricoides (Round worm)
Kingdom:
Phylum:
Class:
Order:
Family:
Genus:
Species:
Animalia
Nematoda
Secernentea
Ascaridida
Ascarididae
Ascaris
A. lumbricoides
• Infections in humans occur when an
ingested infective egg releases a larval
worm that penetrates wall of duodenum
and enters bloodstream.
• Males are 2–4 mm in diameter and 15–
31 cm long.
• Females are 3–6 mm wide and 20–
49 cm long.
• Fertilized eggs are oval to round in
shape and are 45-75 micrometers long
and 35-50 micrometers wide with a
thick outer shell. Unfertilized eggs
measure 88-94 micrometers long and 44
micrometers wide.
PHYLUM ANNELIDA
Lumbricus terrastris (Earthworm)
Kingdom:
Phylum:
Class:
Subclass:
Order:
Family:
Genus:
Species:
Animalia
Annelida
Clitellata
Oligochaeta
Haplotaxida
Lumbricidae
Lumbricus
L. terrestris
• Lumbricus terrestris is a large
reddish worm native to Europe,
but now also widely distributed
elsewhere around the world (along
with several other lumbricids), due
to human introductions.
• Typically reaching 20 - 25 cm in
length when extended
• In Britain, it is primarily called the
Common Earthworm. In North
America, the term Nightcrawler
(or Vitalis) is more common. In
Canada, it is also called the Dew
Worm, and in Britain, Lob Worm
(though that name is also applied
to a marine polychaete).
PHYLUM MOLLUSCA
Achatina fulica (Garden Snail)
Kingdom:
Phylum:
Class:
Superfamily:
Family:
Subfamily:
Genus:
Subgenus:
Species:
Animalia
Mollusca
Gastropoda
Achatinoidea
Achatinidae
Achatininae
Achatina
Lissachatina
A. fulica
• The adult snails have a height
of around 7 centimetres
(2.8 in), and their length can
reach 20 centimetres (7.9 in)
or more.
• The shell has a conical shape,
being about twice as high as it
is broad.
• Single & spiraled shells.
• Body : large, moist &
muscular, supported by
hydrostatic skeleton.
• Respiration : gills & moist
skin.
PHYLUM ARTHROPODA
Class: Crustacea - Crab
Kingdom:
Phylum:
Subphylum:
Class:
Order:
Suborder:
Infraorder:
Animalia
Arthropoda
Crustacea
Malacostraca
Decapoda
Pleocyemata
Brachyura
• Generally covered with a thick
exoskeleton, and armed with a single
pair of chelae (claws).
• Crabs vary in size from the pea crab, a
few millimetres wide, to the Japanese
spider crab, with a leg span of up to
4 metres.
• Often show marked sexual dimorphism.
• Males have one claw which is greatly
enlarged and which is used for
communication, particularly for
attracting a mate.
• In most male crabs, this is narrow and
triangular in form, while females have a
broader, rounded abdomen.
PHYLUM ARTHROPODA
Class: Chilopoda - Centipede
Kingdom:
Phylum:
Subphylum:
Class:
Animalia
Arthropoda
Myriapoda
Chilopoda
• Centipedes can have a varying
number of legs from under 20 to
over 300.
• Size can range from a few
millimeters in the smaller
Lithobiomorphs and
Geophilomorphs to about 30 cm in
the largest Scolopendromorphs.
• Centipedes have a rounded or
flattened head, bearing a pair of
antennae at the forward margin.
They have a pair of elongated
mandibles, and two pairs of
maxillae.
PHYLUM ARTHROPODA
Class: Arachnida - Spider
Kingdom:
Phylum:
Subphylum:
(unranked):
Class:
Order:
Animalia
Arthropoda
Chelicerata
Arachnomorpha
Arachnida
Araneae
• Largest order of arachnids and rank
seventh in total species diversity among
all other groups of organisms.
• As arthropods they have: segmented
bodies with jointed limbs, all covered in a
cuticle and proteins; heads that are
composed of several segments that fuse
during the development of the embryo.
• The smallest, Patu digua from Borneo,
are less than 0.37 mm in body length. The
largest and heaviest spiders occur among
tarantulas, which can have body lengths
up to 90 mm (about 3.5 inches) and leg
spans up to 250 mm (about 10 inches).
PHYLUM ARTHROPODA
Class: Merostoma – Horseshoe crab
Domain:
Kingdom:
Phylum:
Subphylum:
Class:
Order:
Family:
Genus:
Species:
Eukarya
Animalia
Arthropoda
Chelicerata
Merostomata[2]
Xiphosura
Limulidae
Limulus
L. polyphemus
• Also known as horsefoot,
king crab, or saucepan.
• Horseshoe crabs have three
main parts to the body: the
head region, known as the
'prosoma', the abdominal
region or 'opisthosoma', and
the spine-like tail or 'telson'.
• The sexes are similar in
appearance, but females are
typically 25 to 30 percent
larger than the male and can
grow up to 60 centimetres
(24 in) in length.
PHYLUM ARTHROPODA
Class: Insecta - Grasshopper
Kingdom:
Phylum:
Subphylum:
Class:
Order:
Suborder:
Animalia
Arthropoda
Hexapoda
Insecta
Orthoptera
Caelifera
• Grasshoppers have antennae that are
almost always shorter than the body
(sometimes filamentous), and short
ovipositors.
• Females are normally larger than
males, with short ovipositors. Males
have a single unpaired plate at the end
of the abdomen. Females have two
pairs of valves ( triangles) at the end
of the abdomen used to dig in sand
when egg laying.
• Generally they are winged, but hind
wings are membranous while front
wings (tegmina) are coriaceous and
not fit for flight.
PHYLUM ARTHROPODA
Class: Diplopoda - Millipede
Kingdom:
Phylum:
Subphylum:
Class:
Animalia
Arthropoda
Uniramia
Diplopoda
• Millipedes range from 2 to 280
millimetres (0.079 to 11.0 in) in
length, and can have as few as
eleven, to over a hundred segments.
They are generally black or brown
in colour.
• The head of millipedes is typically
rounded above and flattened below
and bears large mandibles. The body
is flattened or cylindrical, with a
single chitinous plate above, one at
each side, and two or three on the
underside.
PHYLUM ECHINODERMATA
Asterias sp. (Star fish)
Kingdom:
Phylum:
Class:
Order:
Suborder:
Family:
Genus:
Species:
Animalia
Echinodermata
Asteroidea
Forcipulatida
Asteriadina
Asteriidae
Asterias
A. amurensis
• Asterias amurensis, commonly called
the northern Pacific starfish, is an
invasive species in Australia, and
native to the coasts of northern China,
North Korea, South Korea, Russia
and Japan.
• In one year the northern Pacific
seastar is capable of increasing its
diameter by 8 cm; when fully grown
the northern Pacific seastar lives up to
five years, and can reach sizes up to
40 to 50 cm in diameter.
• It lives in mainly shallow water, but
also is found as deep as 200 metres. It
is rarely found on reefs or high wave
action areas, instead sitting on mud,
sand or pebbles.
ANIMAL DIVERSITY II
VERTEBRATES
CLASS
EXAMPLE
Class Chondrichthyes (Cartilaginous fishes)
Shark
Class Osteichthyes (bony fishes)
‘Tilapia’
Class Amphibia
Bufo sp.
Class Reptilia
Snake
Class Aves
Chicken
Class Mammalia:
Order Insectivora
Shrew
Class Mammalia:
Order Chiroptera
Bats
Class Mammalia:
Order Dermoptera
Flying Fox
Class Mammalia:
Order Carnivora
Cat
Class Mammalia:
Order Rodentia
Rat
Class Mammalia:
Order Pholidata
Pangolin
Class Mammalia:
Order Primates -
Lemur
Class Mammalia:
Order Artiodactyla
Deer
Class Chondrichthyes (Cartilaginous fishes) Shark
Kingdom:
Phylum:
Class:
Subclass:
Superorder:
Animalia
Chordata
Chondrichthyes
Elasmobranchii
Selachimorpha
• 440 species, ranging in size from the
small dwarf lanternshark, Etmopterus
perryi, a deep sea species of only
17 centimetres (7 in) in length, to the
whale shark, Rhincodon typus, the
largest fish, which reaches
approximately 12 metres (39 ft) and
which feeds only on plankton, squid,
and small fish through filter feeding.
• There are more than 440 species of
sharks split across eight orders.
• Characteristics: skeleton made of
cartilage, paried fins, paired nostrils,
scales, two-chambered heart.
Class Osteichthyes (bony fishes) – ‘Tilapia’
Kingdom:
Phylum:
Class:
Order:
Family:
Subfamily:
Tribe:
Animalia
Chordata
Actinopterygii
Perciformes
Cichlidae
Pseudocrenilabrinae
Tilapiini
• Tilapia inhabit a variety of fresh
water habitats including shallow
streams, ponds, rivers, lakes, and
estuaries. Most tilapia are
omnivorous with a preference for
aquatic vegetation and detritus.
• Tilapia can become problematic
invasive species in new warm-water
habitats, whether deliberately or
accidentally introduced but generally
not in temperate climates due to their
inability to survive in cool waters,
generally below 60 °F (16 °C).
• Characteristics: Skeleton made of
bone, jaws, fins, most with scales,
two-chambered heart.
Class Amphibia – Bufo sp.
Kingdom:
Phylum:
Class:
Order:
Family:
Genus:
Animalia
Chordata
Amphibia
Anura
Bufonidae
Bufo
• True toads have in common a stocky
figure and short legs, which makes
them poor jumpers.
• Toads can also inflate their bodies
when threatened. Males are usually
smaller than females and possess the
organ of Bidder, an incomplete ovary.
The adult males of many species show
a dark throat. When stressed, toads can
let a poison seep through their skin that
when swallowed could kill a large dog.
• Characteristics: begin life in the water,
gills replaced by lungs in the adult
form, lay eggs, three-chambered heart.
Class Reptilia - Snake
Kingdom:
Phylum:
Subphylum:
Class:
Order:
Suborder:
Animalia
Chordata
Vertebrata
Reptilia
Squamata
Serpentes
• They range in size from the tiny,
10 cm long thread snake to pythons
and anacondas of up to 7.6 metres
(25 ft) in length.
• The now extinct Titanoboa
cerrejonensis snakes found were
12–15 meters (39–49 ft) in length.
At the other end of the scale, the
smallest extant snake is
Leptotyphlops carlae with a length
of about 10 centimeters.
• Characteristics: thick, scaly or
platelike skin, ectothermic, fourchambered heart.
Class Aves - Chicken
Kingdom:
Phylum:
Class:
Order:
Family:
Genus:
Species:
Subspecies:
Animalia
Chordata
Aves
Galliformes
Phasianidae
Gallus
Gallus gallus
Gallus gallus
domesticus
• Chickens may live for five to eleven
years, depending on the breed.
• Hens of special laying breeds may
produce as many as 300 eggs a year.
• Roosters can usually be differentiated
from hens by their striking plumage,
marked by long flowing tails and
shiny, pointed feathers on their necks
and backs (the hackles and saddle)—
these are often colored differently
from the hackles and saddles of
females.
• Characteristics: outer covering of
feathers, endothermic(warmblooded), have front limbs modified
as wings, lay eggs, four-chambered
heart.
Class Mammalia:
Order Insectivora - Shrew
Kingdom:
Phylum:
Class:
Order:
Family:
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Soricomorpha
Soricidae
• Although its external appearance is
generally that of a long-nosed
mouse, a shrew is not a rodent, as
mice are.
• The largest species is the House
Shrew (Suncus murinus) of tropical
Asia which is about 15 cm long and
weighs around 100 grams.
• Shrews are fiercely territorial,
driving off rivals, and only coming
together to mate.
• Characteristics: breathe air, give
live birth, mammary glands,
endothermic, four-chambered heart.
Class Mammalia:
Order Chiroptera - Bats
Kingdom:
Phylum:
Class:
Infraclass:
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Eutheria
Laurasiatheria[1
Superorder:
Order:
]
Chiroptera
• Bats range in size from Kitti's Hog-nosed
Bat measuring 29–33 mm in length and
2 g in mass, to the Giant Golden-crowned
Flying-fox which has a wing span of 1.5m
and weighs approximately 1.2 kg.
• Bats may have one to three litters in a
season, depending on the species and on
environmental conditions such as the
availability of food and roost sites.
Females generally have one offspring at a
time, this is maybe a result of the mother's
need to fly to feed while pregnant.
• Characteristics: breathe air, give live birth,
mammary glands, endothermic, fourchambered heart.
Class Mammalia:
Order Dermoptera – Flying Fox
Kingdom:
Phylum:
Class:
Order:
Suborder:
Family:
Genus:
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Chiroptera
Megachiropte
ra
Pteropodidae
Pteropus
• Commonly known as the Fruit Bats or
Flying Foxes among other numerous
colloquial names.
• Only feed on nectar, blossom, pollen, and
fruit, which explains their limited tropical
distribution.
• On average, P. vampyrus is the largest
species, with a wingspan of up to 6 feet
(1.83 meters) but a weight of only 1.5 kg
(3.3 lb.). Other species have impressive
widths, such as the Indian flying fox (P.
giganteus) which has a 5 foot (1.5 meter)
wingspan.
• Characteristics: breathe air, give live
birth, mammary glands, endothermic,
four-chambered heart.
Kingdom:
Subkingdom:
Phylum:
Subphylum:
Class:
Subclass:
Order:
Suborder:
Family:
Subfamily:
Genus:
Species:
Animalia
Eumetazoa
Chordata
Vertebrata
Mammalia
Theria
Carnivora
Feliformia
Felidae
Felinae
Felis
F. silvestris
catus
Class Mammalia:
Order Carnivora - Cat
• Cats are similar in size and
anatomy to the other Felids, with
light, flexible bodies and teeth
adapted to killing small prey.
• Unusually, cats have lost the
ability to taste sugar and in some
breeds show hereditary deafness.
• Small carnivorous mammal that is
valued by humans for its
companionship and its ability to
hunt vermin and household pests.
• Characteristics: breathe air, give
live birth, mammary glands,
endothermic, four-chambered
heart.
Class Mammalia:
Order Rodentia - Rat
Kingdom:
Phylum:
Class:
Order:
Superfamily:
Family:
Subfamily:
Genus:
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Rodentia
Muroidea
Muridae
Murinae
Rattus
• Rats are various medium-sized, longtailed rodents of the superfamily
Muroidea.
• Rats are typically distinguished from
mice by their size; rats are generally large
muroid rodents, while mice are generally
small muroid rodents. The muroid family
is very large and complex, and the
common terms rat and mouse are not
taxonomically specific.
• The normal lifespan of rats ranges from
two to five years, and is typically three
years.
• Characteristics: breathe air, give live
birth, mammary glands, endothermic,
four-chambered heart.
Class Mammalia:
Order Pholidata - Pangolin
Kingdom:
Phylum:
Class:
Infraclass:
Superorder:
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Eutheria
Laurasiatheria
Order:
Pholidota
Weber, 1904
Family:
Manidae
Gray, 1821
Genus:
Manis
• Pangolins have large keratin scales covering
their skin and are the only mammals with this
adaptation.[2] They are found in tropical
regions of Africa and Asia.
• The physical appearance of pangolins is
marked by large, hardened, plate-like scales.
The scales, which are soft on newborn
pangolins but harden as the animal matures,
are made of keratin, the same material of
which human fingernails and tetrapod claws
are made.
• The size of pangolins varies by species,
ranging from 30 cm to 100 cm (12 to
39 inches). Females are generally smaller
than males.
• Characteristics: breathe air, give live birth,
mammary glands, endothermic, fourchambered heart.
Class Mammalia:
Order Lagomorpha - Rabbit
Kingdom:
Superphylum:
Phylum:
Class:
Order:
Family:
Animalia
Chordata
Vertebrata
Mammalia
Lagomorpha
Leporidae
• The rabbit's long ears, which can be
more than 10 cm (4 in) long, are
probably an adaptation for detecting
predators. They have large,
powerful hind legs. Each foot has
five toes, with one greatly reduced
in size.
• Their size can range anywhere from
20 cm (8 in) in length and 0.4 kg in
weight to 50 cm (20 in) and more
than 2 kg.
• Rabbits have two sets of incisor
teeth, one behind the other.
• Characteristics: breathe air, give
live birth, mammary glands,
endothermic, four-chambered heart.
Class Mammalia:
Order Primates - Lemur
Kingdom:
Phylum:
Class:
Order:
Suborder:
Infraorder:
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Primates
Strepsirrhini
Lemuriformes
• While their ancestors were
displaced in the rest of the world
by monkeys and apes, the lemurs
were safe from competition on
Madagascar and differentiated
into a number of species. These
range in size from the tiny 30 gram
Madame Berthe's Mouse Lemur
to the 10 kilogram Indri.
• large, reflective eyes and the
wailing cries of some species.
• Characteristics: breathe air, give
live birth, mammary glands,
endothermic, four-chambered
heart.
Class Mammalia:
Order Artiodactyla – Deer
Kingdom:
Phylum:
Class:
Order:
Suborder:
Infraorder:
Family:
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Artiodactyla
Ruminantia
Pecora
Cervidae
• Deer are the ruminant mammals
forming the family Cervidae.
• Deer weights generally range from
40 to 200 kilograms. They generally
have lithe, compact bodies and
long, powerful legs suited for
rugged woodland terrain. Deer are
also excellent jumpers and
swimmers. Deer are ruminants, or
cud-chewers, and have a fourchambered stomach.
• Characteristics: breathe air, give live
birth, mammary glands,
endothermic, four-chambered heart.
THE END