Los Alamos National Lab
Based on thesis work at MIT and Jefferson Lab Experiment E06-010 and E12-11-007 for 2013 Workshops of the APS Topical Group on Hadronic Physics

 TMD PDFs link
◦
Intrinsic motion of partons
◦
Parton spin
◦
Spin of the nucleon
 Multi-Dimension structure
◦
3D motion of the quark in nucleon
◦
Probes orbital motion of quarks
 A new phase of study, fast developing field
◦
Great advance in theories (factorization, models, Lattice ...)
◦
Experimentally, not systematically studied until recent years
◦
Recent experiments in HERMES, COMPASS, CEBAF, RHIC, …
Jin Huang <jinhuang@jlab.org> Workshops of the APS GHP 2

U f
1
=
Unpolarized
(U)
L
T f
1T

=
Sivers
Nucleon Spin
Quark Spin
Quark polarization
Longitudinally Polarized
(L)
Transversely Polarized
(T) g g
1T
1
=
=
Helicity
Worm Gear
(trans-helicity) h
1

=
Boer-Mulders h
1L

=
Worm Gear
(Kotzinian-Mulders) h
1
=
Transversity h
1T

=
Pretzelosity
: Survive trans. momentum integration
Jin Huang <jinhuang@jlab.org> Workshops of the APS GHP 3

lepton
EIC lepton
FNAL hadron
JPARC lepton proton pion
Partonic scattering amplitude
Fragmentation amplitude
Distribution amplitude proton antilepton
Hadron-Hadron (DY, Jet, IFF, etc.) electron pion positron e
– e + to hadrons
Jin Huang <jinhuang@jlab.org> pion
Workshops of the APS GHP 4


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
Gold mine for TMDs
Access all eight leading-twist TMDs through spin-comb. & azimuthalmodulations
Tagging quark flavor/kinematics
Jin Huang <jinhuang@jlab.org> Workshops of the APS GHP 5

Boer-Mulder
Worm Gear
Helicity
Worm Gear
Transversity
Sivers
Pretzelosity f
1
= h
1

= g
1T
= g
1
= h
1L

= h
1T
= f
1T

= h
1T

= dxdyd

S d
 dzd
 h dP h
2

{ F
UU , T



2 xyQ
2
  cos( 2
 h
)
 cos(
F
UU
2
 h
) 
...
y
2
2 ( 1
 
)


S
T
 e
[ 1
 
2 cos(
 h
 
S
)
 cos(

F
LT h
 
S
) 
...]

S
L
 e
[

S
L
[

1
 sin(

2 
F
LL

...]
2
 h
)
 sin( 2

F
UL h
) 
...]

 
S
T
[

 sin(
 h sin( sin(
 h
3
 
S
)

F sin(
 h
UT
 
S
)
 
S
)

( sin(

F
UT h
 
S
)
 h

...)
 
S
)
 sin( 3

F
UT h
 
S
) 
...]}
S
L
, S
T
: Target Polarization ;
 e
: Beam Polarization
Jin Huang <jinhuang@jlab.org> Workshops of the APS GHP 6

 Double Beam Target Spin Asymmetry (DSA) in SIDIS with transversely polarized target: A
LT
A cos(
 h
LT
  s
) 

2
 d
 s h

 d


 d
 s h d


 d


 cos(
 h
 d

  g q
1 T

D h
1 q
  s
)
 Technically, azimuthal amplitude in asymmetry extracted through methods considering acceptance and luminosity corrections, including

 azimuthal asymmetry fits
Maximum likelihood analysis
Jin Huang <jinhuang@jlab.org> Workshops of the APS GHP 7




Newport News, Virginia
Linear accelerator provides continuous polarized electron beam
◦
E beam
◦
P beam
= 6 GeV
= 85%
3 experimental halls
A, B and C e -
A
B C
Jin Huang <jinhuang@jlab.org> Workshops of the APS GHP 8

Institutions (38)
Univ. Kentucky, W&M, Duke Univ., CalTech, UIUC, Lanzhou Univ, California State Univ, Univ. Glasgow, MIT, CMU, JLab,
ODU, UVa, Hampton Univ, INFN, Mississippi State Univ, Rutgers, Kharkov Inst. of Phys. and Tech., Los Alamos National
Lab, Longwood Univ, Cairo Univ, Kyungpook National Univ, China Inst. of Atomic Energy, Kent State Univ, Univ. of Sci. &
Tech. of China, Florida International Univ., Univ. Massachusettes, Temple Univ, Univ. Blaise Pascal, Univ. of New
Hampshire, Syracuse Univ., Yerevan Physics Inst., Univ. Ljubljana, Seoul National Univ.
Collaboration members (115)
K. Allada , K. Aniol, J. R. M. Annand, T. Averett, F. Benmokhtar, W. Bertozzi, P. C. Bradshaw,
P. Bosted, A. Camsonne , M. Canan, G. D. Cates, C. Chen, J.-P. Chen , W. Chen, K. Chirapatpimol,
E. Chudakov, E. Cisbani , J. C. Cornejo, F. Cusanno, M. M. Dalton, W. Deconinck, C.W. de Jager,
R. De Leo, X. Deng, A. Deur, H. Ding, P. A. M. Dolph , C. Dutta , D. Dutta, L. El Fassi, S. Frullani ,
J. Huang , H. Gao , F. Garibaldi, D. Gaskell, S. Gilad, R. Gilman, O. Glamazdin, S. Golge, L. Guo,
D.
Hamilton, O.
Hansen, D.W.
Higinbotham, T.
Holmstrom, M.
Huang, H.
F.
Ibrahim, M.
Iodice,
X. Jiang , G. Jin, M. K. Jones , J. Katich , A. Kelleher, W. Kim, A. Kolarkar, W. Korsch, J. J. LeRose,
X. Li, Y. Li, R. Lindgren, N. Liyanage, E. Long, H.-J. Lu, D. J. Margaziotis, P. Markowitz, S. Marrone, D. McNulty, Z.-E.
Meziani, R.
Michaels, B.
Moffit, C.
Munoz Camacho, S.
Nanda, A.
Narayan,
V.
Nelyubin, B.
Norum, Y.
Oh, M.
Osipenko, D.
Parno, J.
C.
Peng , S.
K.
Phillips, M.
Posik,
A.
J. R. Puckett , X. Qian , Y. Qiang , A. Rakhman, R. D. Ransome, S. Riordan, A. Saha, B. Sawatzky ,
E. Schulte, A. Shahinyan, M. H. Shabestari, S. Sirca, S. Stepanyan, R. Subedi, V. Sulkosky , L.-G. Tang, A. Tobias, G. M.
Urciuoli, I. Vilardi, K.Wang
, Y. Wang , B.Wojtsekhowski, X. Yan, H. Yao, Y. Ye, Z. Ye, L. Yuan, X. Zhan , Y. Zhang , Y.-W. Zhang,
B. Zhao, X. Zheng, L. Zhu, X. Zhu, and X. Zong
Co-spokesperson , Graduate student, Leading Postdoc
Jin Huang <jinhuang@jlab.org> Workshops of the APS GHP 9







Successful data taking 2008-09
First results published
◦
Single spin: Qian PRL 107 072003 (2011)
◦
Double spin: Huang, PRL. 108, 052001 (2012)
Polarized electron beam
◦
With 30 Hz helicity reversal
Polarized 3 He target
BigBite at 30º detect electron
◦
Dipole magnet, P e
= 0.6 ~ 2.2 GeV/c
◦
MWDC/shower-preshow/scitillator
◦
HRS
L at 16º detect
QQDQ config, P h hadron
= 2.35 GeV/c
◦
Scintillator/drift chamber/Cherenkov
Luminosity
Monitor
Beam Polarimetry
(Møller + Compton)
Jin Huang <jinhuang@jlab.org> Workshops of the APS GHP 10

Only Small Part of Left-HRS and He-3 Target is Shown
Jin Huang <jinhuang@jlab.org> Workshops of the APS GHP 11

Luminosity
Monitor
Beam
Polarimetry
 Overall polarization
<P>=76.8 +- 3.5%
 Fast beam helicity reversal at
30 Hz
 Beam charge balance between two helicity states
Polarized beam at Jefferson
Lab is crucial
 Two method cross check
◦
Moller polarimetry
◦
Compton polarimetry
Polarimetery
Jin Huang <jinhuang@jlab.org> Workshops of the APS GHP 12

Luminosity
Monitor




Beam
Polarimetry
~90% ~1.5% ~8%
High Luminosity polarize target: L(n) = 10 36 cm -2 s -1 (achieved), 10 37 cm -2 s -1 (R&D)
Compact size : No cryogenic support needed
Proton dilution measured experimentally
Beam
Jin Huang <jinhuang@jlab.org> Workshops of the APS GHP 13

Luminosity
Monitor




New laser
◦
Narrow line width
◦
3 He ↑P/P ~30%
Beam
Polarimetry
New optics and oven
◦
Polarizing and polarimetery at 3 directions
Holding magnet field
◦
3D field hold spin to any direction
A smart target
◦
Flip 3 He spin every 20min
◦
<10 -3 failure rate
◦
Auto analysis, log and early warnings
Jin Huang <jinhuang@jlab.org> Workshops of the APS GHP 14

Luminosity
Monitor



High luminosity: L(n) = 10 36 cm -2 s -1
Record high 50-65% polarization in beam with automatic spin flip / 20min
<P> = 55.4% ± 0.4% (stat. per spin state) ± 2.7 % (sys.)
Beam
Polarimetry
Jin Huang <jinhuang@jlab.org> Workshops of the APS GHP 15

Luminosity
Monitor

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

Detects electrons
Single dipole magnet
Beam
Polarimetry
A “big bite” of acceptance
◦ DW 
64 msr
◦
P : 0.6 ~ 2.2 GeV/c
3 wire chambers : 18 planes for precise tracking
Bipolar momentum reconstruction
Pre-shower and shower for electron PID
Scintillator for coincidence with left HRS
Jin Huang <jinhuang@jlab.org> Workshops of the APS GHP 16

Luminosity
Monitor






HRS
L to detect hadrons of p h
= 2.35 GeV
QQDQ magnet configuration
◦
Very high momentum resolution
Drift chambers
◦
Tracking
Scintillator planes
◦
Trigger & Timing, pi/p separation
Gas Cherenkov & lead-glass shower detectors
◦ e/hadron separation
Aerogel Cherenkov & RICH
◦
π/K separation
Detector
Package
Detector Hut
Beam
Polarimetry
Q1 Q2
Jin Huang <jinhuang@jlab.org>
D1 Q3
Workshops of the APS GHP 17

x bin 1 2 3 4
Q 2 >1GeV 2
W>2.3GeV
z=0.4~0.6
W’>1.6GeV
Kinematics coverage p
T
& ϕ h
ϕ
S coverage
Jin Huang <jinhuang@jlab.org> Workshops of the APS GHP 18

Huang, et. al. PRL. 108, 052001 (2012)




Access g
1T
=
Dominated by real part of interference between
L=0 (S) and L=1 (P) states
◦
Imaginary part -> Sivers effect
No GPD correspondence
Measured by COMPASS and
HERMES on p and D targets



E06-010 - First data on effectively neutron target
Consistent with models in signs
Suggest larger asymmetry , possible interpretations:
◦
◦
Larger quark spin-orbital interference different P
T dependence
◦ larger subleading-twist effects
Jin Huang <jinhuang@jlab.org> Workshops of the APS GHP 19

•
•
Sizable Collins π + asymmetries at x=0.34?
– Sign of violation of Soffer’s inequality?
– Data are limited by stat.
Needs more precise data!
Negative Sivers π + Asymmetry
– Consistent with
HERMES/COMPASS
– Independent demonstration of negative d quark Sivers function.
X. Qian PRL 107 072003 (2011)
Model (fitting) uncertainties shown in blue band.
Jin Huang <jinhuang@jlab.org> Workshops of the APS GHP 20

Upgrade is designed to build on existing facility: vast majority of accelerator and experimental equipment have continued use
Add 5 cryomodules
20 cryomodules
CHL upgrade
Add arc
New Hall
Upgrade arc magnets and supplies
20 cryomodules
Maintain capability to deliver lower pass beam energies:
2.2, 4.4, 6.6….
Add 5 cryomodules
Enhanced capabilities in existing Halls
Scope of the project includes:
• Doubling the accelerator beam energy
• New experimental Hall and beamline
• Upgrades to existing Experimental Halls
Jin Huang <jinhuang@jlab.org> Workshops of the APS GHP 21






Key device to achieve high-precision mapping and minimizing systematics
High Luminosity target and upgraded beam energy -> 12 GeV
Large acceptance : enable 4D-mapping of asymmetries
Full/symmetric azimuthal angular coverage : minimize systematics
Device shared by three SIDIS experiment, a parity-violation DIS exp. and J/ψ prod. at threshold
 Budget: ~30M; early design stage; detector prototyping
/proton
E12-10-006: 90 day
Single Spin Asymmetry on Transverse 3 He
E12-11-007: 30 day
Single and Double Spin Asymmetry on 3 He
E12-11-108: 120 day
Single and Double Spin Asymmetries on
Transverse Proton
Jin Huang <jinhuang@jlab.org> Workshops of the APS GHP 22




Natural Extension of E06-010
Much wider phase space
◦
Also data at low and high z value to access target frag. and exclusive channels.
Both transverse and longitudinal polarized target:
6/7 polarized leading twist
TMDs Studied
Jin Huang <jinhuang@jlab.org> Workshops of the APS GHP 23




3 He(e, e’ π ± )X, continuation and next-generation of 6-GeV measurement
◦
E12-11-007 & E12-11-006 using SoLID, max precision, “A”-rated
◦
E12-09-108 using Super-BigBite, also cover Kaons p(e, e’ π ± )X, PR12-11-108 approved, proton target , “A”-rated
Significant expand coverage and precision on A
LT measurement and knowledge on g
1T function
E12-11-007 projection neutron A
LT of one out of 48 Q 2 -z bins for π -
Jin Huang <jinhuang@jlab.org> Workshops of the APS GHP 24

LT
Satisfying the multi-D natural of this study. z= 0.3~0.7
Comparable precision for SSA x bj data point: Projection for neutron A
LT of π -
Jin Huang <jinhuang@jlab.org> Workshops of the APS GHP 25

proton lepton
 proton antilepton
1T
◦
Azimuthal weighted double spin asymmetry in transverse polarized p – p(p_bar) -> g
1T
Azimuthal
Weights

1T
A g
TT in p-p_bar DY
Lu, et.al. PhysRevD.75.094012
Jin Huang <jinhuang@jlab.org> Workshops of the APS GHP 26

 First measurement of 3 He (neutron)
◦
First indication of non-zero A
LT
( +2.8 σ π +
A
LT production on 3
◦
Indicate a non-zero g
1T and Re[(L=0) q
× (L=1) q
]
◦
Huang, et. al. PRL. 108, 052001 (2012), arXiv:1108.0489
He )
 Systematic uncertainties is minimized by unique fast beam helicity/target spin flip
◦
Cancel systematic effect due to efficiency drift/acceptance/luminosity fluctuation/SSA terms
 Foundation for future experiments
◦
Precise mapping of A
LT following JLab 12 GeV upgrade
◦
Comprehensive study of spin-orbital correlations
Jin Huang <jinhuang@jlab.org> Workshops of the APS GHP 27


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

Jin Huang <jinhuang@jlab.org> Workshops of the APS GHP 28