Information & Insights Group
Wellness in the Workplace
National Survey Results
Prepared for:
Oxford Health Plans, Inc.
January 2001
1
Table of Contents
Page
Introduction
4
Methodology
4
Summary of Key Findings
5
Detailed Findings
I.
Signs of Job-Related Stress
8
II.
Job Demands Take Away From Personal Time
9
III.
Workplace Safety Measures vs. Risk
10
IV.
Loss of Work Productivity Due to Illness
11
V.
Workplace Pain or Discomfort
12
VI.
Physical Disorders Brought on by the Workplace
13
VII.
Employer Pressure in Medical Situations
14
VIII. Paid Personal Time to Go to the Doctor
15
IX.
TAD or Modified Work Duties After an Illness or Injury
16
X.
Healthy Eating in the Workplace
17
XI.
Drinking After Working Hours
18
XII.
Companies Encouraging Their Workers to Exercise
19
XIII. Use of Unconventional Methods for Managing
Employee Stress
20
2
Table of Contents (continued)
Page
XIV. Work Schedule Flexibility
21
XV. Being Valued in the Workplace
22
XVI. Workplace Experiences: Men vs. Women
23
XVII. Workplace Experiences: Older vs. Younger Workers
29
XIII. Workplace Experiences: High Salary vs. Low Salary
Workers
XIV. Workplace Experiences: Blue Collar vs. White
Collar Workers
35
49
Appendix
Reliability of Survey Percentages
57
Sampling Tolerances When Comparing Two Samples
58
Personal Demographics of Samples
59
Employment Demographics of Samples
61
3
Introduction
In late August 2000, Oxford Health Plans, Inc., sponsored a nationwide survey. The goal
of the survey was to determine how the modern-day work environment affects the health
and quality of the lives of American workers. A related objective was to assess how the
work environment supports employees’ wellness efforts.
Survey results were independently collected and tabulated through Central Marketing,
Inc., of New York City.
Magnet Communications of New York City, an agency working with Oxford Health Plans,
had the responsibility of analyzing and articulating those results, which are the subject of
this report.
Methodology
Results of this national study were obtained by contacting 632 working adults who
consider themselves the head of their household.
The working sample of 632 respondents was designed to ensure proper
representation of telephone households by region and by metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas.
Interviews, which were conducted from August 17 through September 1, 2000, were
administered by professionally-trained staff using the CATI (Computer Assisted
Telephone Interview) system. The average interview was 15 minutes in length. Phone
numbers were dialed electronically in a randomized sequence.
For sample reliability information, refer to the Appendix of this report.
4
Summary of Key Findings
Survey results suggest that a significant proportion of the American workforce
feels disenfranchised and is working under circumstances that are less than
healthy.
•
•
•
•
Close to one in five American workers (18 percent) report company management
doesn’t care about them.
Close to one in five American workers (18 percent) report being too busy at work
to take vacation time owed.
One in five American workers (21 percent) report missing family events due to
work, a problem more men (24 percent) face than women (17 percent).
Close to one in five American workers (17 percent) report loss of sleep due to
work, a condition that afflicts younger workers (23 percent) far more often than
older workers (11 percent), who, in general, appear to be more adept at handling
the pressures and demands of the workplace.
Similar numbers of American workers also report having employers who make it
difficult for them to attend medical appointments or to take care of medical
emergencies.
•
•
•
Close to one in five American workers (17 percent) report management policies
make it difficult for them to take time off or to leave work in emergency situations.
Close to one in five American workers (19 percent) report the need to show up for
work even if ill or injured.
Close to one in five American workers (17 percent) report not feeling free to attend
medical appointments during working hours, and when they do, two out of five
(41 percent) report a loss in pay, which is even more typical (50 percent) for those
on the lower-end of the pay scale.
A significant minority of blue collar workers report working conditions that cause
them to feel some physical pain or discomfort.
•
Overall, one-third of American workers (33 percent) report that, by the end of the
workday, they experience some form of physical pain or discomfort one or more
times per week, an occurrence more familiar to blue collar workers(46 percent)
than to white collar workers (32 percent).
–
Reports of high risk of personal injury on the job are three-and-a-half times
higher among blue collar workers (33 percent) than among white collar
workers (9 percent).
5
Summary of Key Findings (continued)
Organizations are apparently trying to improve the quality of employee well-being
in terms of compensatory time options.
•
•
One in two American workers (55 percent) report that, if ill or injured, they have the
option of returning to work under what is known as TAD (Transitional Alternative
Duty).
One in two American workers (48 percent) report they have the option of working
flex time.
In addition:
•
•
•
One in four American workers (29 percent) report the offer of healthy foods in the
workplace.
Close to one in five American workers (18 percent) report an on-premise work-out
or exercise facility at their place of employment.
One in ten American workers (13 percent) report a room reserved in their company
for employees who feel the need to meditate during working hours.
6
Detailed Findings
A third of American workers describe their workday as non-stop.
I. Signs of Job-Related Stress: Total Workers
•
•
•
•
One in three American workers report having no down time at work; the same number
report they generally work and eat lunch at the same time.
One in three American workers report never leaving the building during the workday.
One in five American workers report working in a job that is making them feel old beyond
their years.
Close to one in five American workers report losing sleep at night because of work.
Accurately Describes
34%
Once I'm at work , I have no down time
I generally work and eat lunch at the same time
32%
From the time I arrive at work until I leave to go
home, I never leave the building
32%
My job mak es me feel older than I am
My work often causes me to lose sleep at night
19%
17%
8
About a fifth of American workers say work is so busy they have
to forego vacations.
II. Job Demands Take Away From Personal Time: Total Workers
•
•
•
One in three American workers report that family and friends think they are workaholics.
One in five American workers report missing personal family activities due to work.
Close to one in five American workers report being too busy at work to take vacation time
owed.
Accurately Describes
32%
My family and friends think I'm a work aholic
I often miss personal family activities due to my
job
21%
I am unable to use up my vacation time due to
demands at work
My company's management only promotes
people who are in the habit of work ing late
18%
14%
9
The majority of American workers credit their companies with
good safety measures.
III. Workplace Safety Measures vs. Risk: Total Workers
•
Three in four American workers report that safety measures in their company are
“extremely/very good,” yet for nearly one in five American workers, the risk of personal
injury on the job is “extremely/very high.”
Rated Extremely/Very Good: Top Two Boxes
Safety measures tak en
by employer to
minimize risk of injury
are extremely/very good
My risk of personal
injury while on the job is
extremely/very high
75%
16%
10
One in ten American workers’ job performance is affected by
health problems.
IV. Loss of Work Productivity Due to Illness: Total Workers
•
•
One in ten American workers report the loss of ten or more work days per year due
to a personal health condition or the health condition of a family member.
Close to one in ten American workers report that their job performance is restricted
by poor health or a disability at least one day a week.
Accurately Describes
I miss ten or more work
days a year due to a
health condition of
mine, my children, my
companion, or one or
both of my parents
At least one day a
week , my ability to
perform my job fully is
restricted due to my
personal health or
disability condition
10%
7%
11
A third of American workers suffer physical discomfort due to
working conditions.
V. Those Who Suffer With Workplace Pain or Discomfort: Total Workers
•
One in three American workers report that, at least once a week, they are in physical pain
or discomfort because of their working conditions.
–
For 15 percent of American workers, pain or discomfort during working hours
occurs three or more times a week.
Experience Some Form of Physical Pain or Discomfort
by the End of the Workday
One or more times a
week
Three or more times a
week
33%
15%
12
Exhaustion is a common complaint of American workers.
VI. Those Who Suffer Physical Disorders Brought on by the Workplace: Total Workers
•
•
•
Six in ten American workers report that, at least one or more times a week, they end their
workday feeling drained.
One in two American workers report that, at least one or more times a week, they end
their workday feeling sluggish.
To a lesser extent:
–
two in five American workers report having eye strain and eye fatigue
–
one in three American workers report having foot pain from standing most of the
day
–
one in four American workers report having back pain
–
one in four American workers report having headaches
–
one in four American workers report having leg cramps and soreness
Experience One or More Times a Week
60%
Feel drained
49%
Feel sluggish
41%
Eyes feel strained and tired
33%
Feet ache from having to stand most of the day
28%
Have a back ache
27%
Have a headache
25%
Legs hurt or cramp from having to stand all day
Have muscle strain
23%
Hands and wrists are sore and cramped
23%
Stomach in k nots
14%
13
A fifth of American workers feel restricted by their job when they
have to attend to medical problems.
VII. Employer Pressures in Medical Situations: Total Workers
•
•
•
•
Close to one in five American workers report that company policies make it difficult for
them and their co-workers to take time off from work to attend medical appointments.
Close to one in five American workers report that their company policies make it difficult
for them and their co-workers to leave work in an emergency situation.
One in ten American workers report that their company policies make it difficult for them
and their co-workers to return to work after work-related injuries or illnesses.
Close to one in five American workers report the need to show up for work even if ill or
injured.
Accurately Describes
The corporate culture at my company is such
that you feel you have to attend work even
when you're injured or ill
19%
My company's management makes it difficult
for me & co-workers to take time off to attend
medical appointments
17%
The corporate culture at my company makes it
difficult to take off time or leave work in an
emergency
17%
My company makes it difficult for me & coworkers to return to work after a work-related
injury or illness
My co-workers and I know that if one of us
were to become seriously ill we'd lose our job or
be demoted
My co-workers and I know that if one of us
takes time off to care for a sick family member,
we'll lose our job or be demoted
15%
8%
7%
14
Two-fifths of American workers are financially penalized if absent
from work due to a medical appointment.
VIII. Paid Personal Time to Go to the Doctor: Total Workers
•
Two in five American workers report a loss of pay for time taken away from work to attend
medical appointments.
Paid Personal Time to Go to the Doctor
56%
Receive
83%
Participate
Go Without Pay
41%
15
One in two American workers are secure in knowing that, if faced
with a medical problem, they can return to work under TAD
employee status.
IX. TAD or Modified Work Duties After an Illness or Injury: Total Workers
•
One in two American workers report that employees in their company who have been ill
or injured are encouraged to return to work under what’s known as TAD (Transitional
Alternative Duty).
–
Half of those who report this practice at their company have themselves been TAD
employees.
Allows TAD or Modified Duties to Encourage
Employees to Return to Work After Injury or Illness
Allow For
Participate
55%
55%
16
When available, most American workers choose healthy lunchhour food selections.
X. Healthy Eating in the Workplace: Total Workers
•
Three in ten American workers report the availability of healthy foods at work; of those
workers eighty-four percent choose to consume such food.
29%
Healthy lunch/
Offer
dinner
Participate in a healthy lunch/dinner
The corporate culture at
my company makes it
hard for me to maintain
special dietary needs or
a healthy diet
14%
84%
Accurately Describes
17
According to American workers, acceptance on the job doesn’t
require after-hours social drinking with co-workers.
XI. Drinking After Working Hours: Total Workers
•
Only one in twenty American workers report having to socialize with co-workers over
drinks in order to fit in with the company’s corporate culture.
The Corporate Culture in My Company is Such That, if
You Don't Go Out for a Drink With Your Co-Workers,
You Feel Left Out
5%
Accurately describes
Inaccurately describes 86%
8% Non-committal
2%
Don’t know/no answer
18
As a fitness incentive, one-fifth of American workers have
access to on-the-job-site gyms.
XII. Companies Encouraging Their Workers to Exercise: Total Workers
•
One in three American workers report that their company encourages them and coworkers to be in good physical condition.
–
With one-third of companies being so inclined, close to one in five American
workers report having access to an exercise facility either at their place of
employment or through a company-paid health club membership program.
The corporate culture at my company
encourages me & co-workers to get fit
and to stay in shape
Membership to a fitness club
Accurately Describes
Sponsor
Belong
35%
18%
72%
18%
On-premise work-out or
Have
exercise facility
Participate
72%
19
One in ten American workers have access to an on-site
meditation room.
XIII. Use of Unconventional Methods for Managing Employee Stress: Total Workers
•
•
•
Thirteen percent of American workers report their employer provides a meditation room
for employees, half of whom report meditating in the workplace.
Fifteen percent of American workers report their employer allows pets in the workplace,
half of whom report bringing their pets to the workplace.
Six percent of American workers report their employer pays for employee massages,
sixty percent of whom report having massages in the workplace.
Allow pets on the
premises
Allow
15%
Bring
A room for
meditation
Have
13%
Participate
Massage therapy
52%
55%
Have 6%
Participate
60%
20
When given the option, eight out of ten American workers prefer
work hours other than the regular shift.
XIV. Work Schedule Flexibility: Total Workers
•
•
Nearly one in two American workers report having the option of working hours other than
“typical” business hours, 81 percent of whom report working flex time.
Nearly one in three American workers report having the option of occasionally working
from home, 78 percent of whom report taking advantage of this option.
Employees can
work flex time
48%
Allow
Participate
Employees can
occasionally work from
home
Allow
81%
31%
Participate
78%
21
Overall, most American workers concede they are treated fairly by
their employer.
XV. Being Valued in the Workplace: Total Workers
•
•
•
Close to two in three American workers report company management respects them and
their co-workers.
Similarly, six in ten American workers report company management cares for them and
their co-workers.
Of the remaining workers:
–
Close to one in five American workers characterize company management as
uncaring.
–
Sixteen percent of American workers characterize company management as
disrespectful.
Management
is respectful
of employees
64%
Accurate
Inaccurate
Non-committal
16%
20%
60%
Accurate
Management cares
about employees
Inaccurate
Non-committal
18%
22%
22
Men and women report very similar experiences in the workplace,
though men are more likely to be at risk of injury in their jobs.
XVI. Workplace Experiences: How They Differ for Men and Women
Men are more likely than women to report:
•
a high risk of job-related injury; 2 times higher than women
•
the need to socialize with co-workers over drinks; 2 times higher than women
•
having to miss family activities due to work; 41 percent higher than women
Women are more likely than men to report:
•
usage of paid personal time from work to attend medical appointments; 11 percent
higher than men
•
•
•
respectful treatment from management; 13 percent higher than men
an incidence of headaches at the end of their workday; 36 percent higher than men
participation in employer-offered massage therapy; 2 times higher than men
23
I. Signs of Job-Related Stress
Accurately Describes: Top Two Boxes
Male
A
%
Once I’m at work I have no down time
34
I generally work and eat lunch at the same
30
time
From the time I arrive at work until I leave to
25
go home, I never leave the building
My job makes me feel older than I am
20
My work often causes me to lose sleep at
19
night
II. Job Demands Take Away From Personal Time
Accurately Describes: Top Two Boxes
Male
A
%
My family and friends think I’m a workaholic
34
I often miss personal family activities due to my
24B
job
I am unable to use up my vacation time due to
19
demands at work
My company’s management only promotes
16
people who are in the habit of working late
III. Workplace Safety Measures vs. Risk
Rated Extremely/Very: Top Two Boxes
Male
A
%
Safety measures taken by my employer to
74
minimize risk of injury are extremely/very good
My risk of personal injury while on the job is
19B
extremely/very high
Female
B
%
35
35
40A
19
14
Female
B
%
29
17
16
12
Female
B
%
77
10
Letters in superscript indicate significant differences between letterassigned groups at the .95 level of confidence.
24
IV. Loss of Work Productivity Due to Illness
Accurately Describes: Top Two Boxes
Male
A
%
I miss 10 or more work days a year due to a health
9
condition of mine, my children, my companion, or
one or both of my parents
At least one day a week, my ability to perform my
7
job fully is restricted due to my personal health or
disability condition
V. Workplace Pain or Discomfort
Male
A
%
Experience some form of physical pain or
discomfort by the end of the workday
one or more times a week
35
three or more times a week
15
Female
B
%
13
7
Female
B
%
30
15
VI. Physical Disorders Brought On by the Workplace
Suffer One or More Times a Week
Male
Female
A
B
%
%
By the end of the workday, I feel drained
59
61
By the end of the workday, I feel sluggish
49
50
By the end of the workday, my eyes feel strained
41
39
and tired
By the end of the workday, my feet ache from
35
30
having to stand most of the day
By the end of the workday, I have a backache
28
29
By the end of the workday, I have a headache
22
30A
By the end of the workday, my legs hurt or cramp
25
25
from having to stand most of the day
By the end of the workday, I have muscle strain
25
20
By the end of the workday, my hands and wrists
24
20
are sore and/or cramped
By the end of the workday, my stomach is in
11
18A
knots
Letters in superscript indicate significant differences between letterassigned groups at the .95 level of confidence.
25
VII. Employer Pressures in Medical Situations
Accurately Describes: Top Two Boxes
Male
A
%
The corporate culture at my company is such that
18
you feel you have to attend work even when you’re
injured or ill
My company’s management makes it difficult for
19
me and co-workers to take time off to attend
medical appointments
The corporate culture at my company makes it
17
difficult to take off time or leave work in an
emergency
My company makes it difficult for me and co16
workers to return to work after a work-related injury
or illness
My co-workers and I know that if one of us were to
9
become seriously ill, we’d lose our job or be
demoted
My co-workers and I know that if one of us takes
8
time off to care for a sick family member, we’ll lose
our job or be demoted
Receive
Participate
VIII. Paid Personal Time to Go to the Doctor
Male
A
%
55
79
Go without pay
Female
B
%
20
15
17
13
7
6
Female
B
%
57
88A
42
38
IX. Allows TAD or Modified Duties to Encourage Employees to
Return to Work After Injury or Illness
Male
Female
A
B
%
%
Allow for
Participate
53
59
58
51
Letters in superscript indicate significant differences between letterassigned groups at the .95 level of confidence.
26
X. Healthy Eating in the Workplace
Male
A
%
Female
B
%
Offer
Participate
27
84
31
85
The corporate culture at my company makes it
hard for me to maintain special dietary needs or
a healthy diet: Accurately describes/Top two boxes
15
14
XI. Drinking After Working Hours
The Corporate Culture in My Company is Such That if You Don’t Go
Out For a Drink With Your Co-workers, You Feel Left Out
Male
Female
A
B
%
%
Accurately describes
Inaccurately describes
Non-committal
Don’t know/no answer
7B
83
8
2
3
88
8
1
XII. Companies Encouraging Their Workers to Exercise
Male
Female
A
B
%
%
The corporate culture at my company
encourages me and co-workers to get fit and to
stay in shape: Accurately describes/Top two boxes
35
35
Sponsor membership to a fitness club
Belong
16
50
14
62
Have on-premise work-out or exercise facility
Participate
18
70
18
76
Letters in superscript indicate significant differences between letterassigned groups at the .95 level of confidence.
27
XIII. Use of Unconventional Methods for Managing Employee Stress
Male
Female
A
B
%
%
Allow pets on the premises
Bring pets to work
15
55
15
49
Have a room for meditation
Participate
11
53
16
57
Have message therapy
Participate
6
41
7
83A
Male
A
%
Female
B
%
Allow employees to work flex time
Participate
50
79
45
84
Allow employees to occasionally work from
home
Participate
29
77
34
78
XIV. Work Schedule Flexibility
XV. Being Valued in the Workplace
Accurately Describes: Top Two Boxes
Male
A
%
My company’s management treats me and coworkers with respect
My company’s management cares about me and my
co-workers
Female
B
%
61
69B
60
60
Letters in superscript indicate significant differences between letterassigned groups at the .95 level of confidence.
28
Younger workers (18 to 34) claim more mistreatment (perceived
or real) on the part of management than older workers (55+).
They also exhibit more job-related behavior that can lead to poor
health.
XVII. Workplace Experiences: How They Differ for Older and Younger Workers
Relative to older workers, younger workers in their late teens to mid-30s are more likely
to report:
•
•
•
•
a loss of sleep due to work; 2 times higher than workers age 50 or older
eating lunch and working at the same time; 46 percent higher than workers age 50 or older
work causing them to miss family activities; two times higher than workers age 50 or older
going without pay to attend medical appoints; 50 percent higher than workers age 50 or
older
•
not taking earned vacation days because of work demands; 80 percent higher than
workers age 50 or older
•
•
a high risk of injury on the job; two times higher than workers age 50 or older
feeling physical pain or discomfort at the end of the workday; 67 percent higher than
workers 50 or older
In contrast to older workers, younger workers are less likely to report:
•
•
management treats them with respect; 23 percent lower than workers age 50 or older
management cares about them as individuals; 19 percent lower than workers age 50 or
older
29
I. Signs of Job-Related Stress
Accurately Describes: Top Two Boxes
18 to
35 to
34
44
A
B
%
%
Once I’m at work, I have no down time
34
37
I generally work and eat lunch at the same
38D
35
time
From the time I arrive at work until I leave to
29
33
go home, I never leave the building
My job makes me feel older than I am
27CD
22D
BD
My work often causes me to lose sleep at
23
14
night
45 to
54
C
%
37
29
55
Plus
D
%
29
26
32
34
16D
16
6
11
II. Job Demands Take Away From Personal Time
Accurately Describes: Top Two Boxes
18 to 35 to 45 to
34
44
54
A
B
C
%
%
%
My family and friends think I’m a workaholic
I often miss personal family activities due to my
job
I am unable to use up my vacation time due to
demands at work
My company’s management only promotes
people who are in the habit of working late
55
Plus
D
%
31
25D
31
24D
35
21D
28
10
18D
19D
22D
10
16D
15
14
8
45 to
54
C
%
77
55
Plus
D
%
84
15
9
III. Workplace Safety Measures vs. Risk
Rated Extremely/Very: Top Two Boxes
18 to 35 to
34
44
A
B
%
%
Safety measures taken by my employer to
70D
76
minimize risk of injury are extremely/very good
My risk of personal injury while on the job is
21D
15
extremely/very high
Letters in superscript indicate significant differences between letterassigned groups at the .95 level of confidence.
30
IV. Loss of Work Productivity Due to Illness
Accurately Describes: Top Two Boxes
18 to 35 to
34
44
A
B
%
%
I miss 10 or more workdays a year due to a
9
10
health condition of mine, my children, my
companion, or one or both of my parents
At least one day a week, my ability to perform
6
5
my job fully is restricted due to my personal
health or disability condition
V. Workplace Pain or Discomfort
18 to
34
A
%
Experience some form of physical pain or
discomfort by the end of the workday
one or more times a week
40BD
three or more times a week
18B
45 to
54
C
%
10
55
Plus
D
%
15
10
7
35 to
44
B
%
45 to
54
C
%
55
Plus
D
%
29
10
34
19B
24
12
VI. Physical Disorders Brought On by the Workplace
Suffer One or More Times a Week
18 to 35 to 45 to
34
44
54
A
B
C
%
%
%
By the end of the workday, I feel drained
65D
61D
61D
By the end of the workday, I feel sluggish
61DC
52D
43
D
By the end of the workday, my eyes feel
43
40
46D
strained and tired
By the end of the workday, my feet ache from
43D
26
34
having to stand most of the day
By the end of the workday, I have a backache
35D
25D
31D
D
By the end of the workday, I have a headache
34
25
25D
By the end of the workday, my legs hurt or
31BC
18
18
cramp from having to stand most of the day
By the end of the workday, I have muscle strain
29D
24D
22D
D
By the end of the workday, my hands and wrists 25
23
27D
are sore and/or cramped
By the end of the workday, my stomach is in
16
12
12
knots
55
Plus
D
%
47
35
31
24
20
12
29BC
Letters in superscript indicate significant differences between
letter-assigned groups at the .95 level of confidence.
13
14
16
31
VI. Employer Pressures in Medical Situations
Accurately Describes: Top Two Boxes
18 to 35 to
34
44
A
B
%
%
The corporate culture at my company is such
20
20
that you feel you have to attend work even
when you’re injured or ill
My company’s management makes it difficult
17
17
for me and co-workers to take time off to attend
medical appointments
The corporate culture at my company makes it
18
20
difficult to take off time or leave work in an
emergency
My company makes it difficult for me and co11
19A
workers to return to work after a work-related
injury or illness
My co-workers and I know that if one of us were
7
9
to become seriously ill, we’d lose our job or be
demoted
My co-workers and I know that if one of us
6
7
takes time off to care for a sick family member,
we’ll lose our job or be demoted
Receive
Participate
Go without pay
VIII. Paid Personal Time to Go to the Doctor
18 to 35 to
34
44
A
B
%
%
52
52
80
78
45D
43D
45 to
54
C
%
19
55
Plus
D
%
12
20
13
15
14
13
18
10
9
6
12
45 to
54
C
%
57
88
55
Plus
D
%
65AB
86
40
30
IX. Allows TAD or Modified Duties to Encourage Employees to
Return to Work After Injury or Illness
18 to 35 to 45 to
55
34
44
54
Plus
A
B
C
D
%
%
%
%
Allow for
56
54
59
52
Participate
50
50
60
63
Letters in superscript indicate significant differences between
letter-assigned groups at the .95 level of confidence.
32
Offer
Participate
X. Healthy Eating in the Workplace
18 to 35 to
34
44
A
B
%
%
35B
23
88D
91D
The corporate culture at my company makes
it hard for me to maintain special dietary
needs or a healthy diet: Accurately
describes/Top two boxes
15
14
45 to
54
C
%
28
80
55
Plus
D
%
28
70
15
12
XI. Drinking After Working Hours
The Corporate Culture in My Company is Such That if You Don’t Go
Out For a Drink With Your Co-workers, You Feel Left Out
18 to 35 to 45 to
55
34
44
54
Plus
A
B
C
D
%
%
%
%
Accurately describes
Inaccurately describes
Non-committal
Don’t know/no answer
6
85
7
2
4
87
7
1
6
82
10
1
XII. Companies Encouraging Their Workers to Exercise
18 to 35 to 45 to
34
44
54
A
B
C
%
%
%
The corporate culture at my company
encourages me and co-workers to get fit and
to stay in shape: Accurately describes/Top two
boxes
1
92
6
--
55
Plus
D
%
33
35
34
42
Sponsor membership to a fitness club
Belong
16
75BC
16
32
16
52
11
58
Have on-premise work-out or exercise
facility
Participate
22
81BD
17
58
20
81BD
14
53
Letters in superscript indicate significant differences between letterassigned groups at the .95 level of confidence.
33
XIII. Use of Unconventional Methods for Managing Employee Stress
18 to
35 to
45 to
55
34
44
54
Plus
A
B
C
D
%
%
%
%
Allow pets on the premises
Bring pets to work
17
50
14
59
12
53
17
50
Have a room for meditation
Participate
15B
53
7
45
15B
50
16B
71
Have message therapy
Participate
8
60B
6
20
7
100ABD
4
50
XIV. Work Schedule Flexibility
18 to
35 to
34
44
A
B
%
%
45 to
54
C
%
55
Plus
D
%
Allow employees to work flex time
Participate
53
83
48
77
43
86
47
75
Allow employees to occasionally work
from home
Participate
28
75
38AC
71
26
79
34
92AB
45 to
54
C
%
55
Plus
D
%
XV. Being Valued in the Workplace
Accurately Describes: Top Two Boxes
18 to
35 to
34
44
A
B
%
%
My company’s management treats me and
co-workers with respect
My company’s management cares about me
and my co-workers
60
62
63
78ABC
56
59
58
69A
Letters in superscript indicate significant differences between letterassigned groups at the .95 level of confidence.
34
Workers without college degrees have more healthcare-related
problems in the workplace than workers who have undergraduate
or graduate degrees. They also report more mistreatment on the
part of management and a greater likelihood of conflict between
work and family obligations.
XVIII. Workplace Experiences: How They Differ for College-Educated and Non-CollegeEducated Workers
Compared to workers with college degrees, non-college grads (high school or less) are
more likely to report:
•
•
•
•
missing family activities due to work; 53 percent higher than college grads
missing 10 or more days of work a year due to a health condition of theirs or a family
member; 2½ times higher than college grads
having a high risk of injury on the job; 2 times higher than college grads
having problems on the job maintaining special dietary needs; 2 times higher than
college grads
•
having some type of physical pain or discomfort at the end of the workday; 58 percent
higher than college grads
•
•
having the threat of demotion or loss of a job if they need to take care of a sick family
member; 60 percent higher than college grads
having difficulty attending medical appointments during work hours; 2 times higher than
college grads
•
having difficulty taking time off or leaving work in an emergency; 2 times higher than
college grads
•
having difficulty returning to work after a work-related injury or illness; 73 percent higher
than college grads
•
Relative to college grads, they (high school or less) are less likely to report:
•
•
•
•
paid personal time to go to doctors appointments; 38 percent lower than college grads
the offer of flex time; 31 percent lower than college grads
respectful treatment from management; 23 percent lower than college grads
a management that cares about them; 20 percent lower than college grads
35
I. Signs of Job-Related Stress
Accurately Describes: Top Two Boxes
Voc/
HS or Some
Less
Col
A
B
%
%
Once I’m at work, I have no down time
28
34
I generally work and eat lunch at the same
30
37
time
From the time I arrive at work until I leave to
30
32
go home, I never leave the building
My job makes me feel older than I am
21
21
My work often causes me to lose sleep at
18
19
night
Col
Grad
C
%
42C
33
Mas/
Doc
D
%
38
26
32
35
18
15
15
13
II. Job Demands Take Away From Personal Time
Accurately Describes: Top Two Boxes
Voc/
HS or Some Col
Less
Col
Grad
A
B
C
%
%
%
My family and friends think I’m a workaholic
I often miss personal family activities due to my
job
I am unable to use up my vacation time due to
demands at work
My company’s management only promotes
people who are in the habit of working late
Mas/
Doc
D
%
31
23C
31
27CD
32
15
33
14
20
18
15
20
17
13
14
9
III. Workplace Safety Measures vs. Risk
Rated Extremely/Very: Top Two Boxes
Voc/
HS or Some Col
Less
Col
Grad
A
B
C
%
%
%
Safety measures taken by my employer to
74
77
74
minimize risk of injury are extremely/very good
My risk of personal injury while on the job is
20CD
20CD
10
extremely/very high
Mas/
Doc
D
%
77
6
Letters in superscript indicate significant differences between letterassigned groups at the .95 level of confidence.
36
IV. Loss of Work Productivity Due to Illness
Accurately Describes: Top Two Boxes
Voc/
HS or Some
Less
Col
A
B
%
%
I miss 10 or more work days a year due to a
16CD
11
health condition of mine, my children, my
companion, or one or both of my parents
At least one day a week, my ability to perform
9
8
my job fully is restricted due to my personal
health or disability condition
Col
Grad
C
%
6
Mas/
Doc
D
%
5
5
4
HS or
Less
A
%
Voc/
Some
Col
B
%
Col
Grad
C
%
Mas/
Doc
D
%
38C
21BCD
34C
13
24
11
32
12
V. Workplace Pain or Discomfort
Experience some form of physical pain or
discomfort by the end of the workday
one or more times a week
three or more times a week
Letters in superscript indicate significant differences between letterassigned groups at the .95 level of confidence.
37
VI. Physical Disorders Brought On By the Workplace
Suffer One or More Times a Week
Voc/
HS or Some Col
Less
Col
Grad
A
B
C
%
%
%
By the end of the workday, I feel drained
60
58
57
By the end of the workday, I feel sluggish
50
53
47
By the end of the workday, my eyes feel strained
41
42
39
and tired
By the end of the workday, my feet ache from
45BCD
32
23
having to stand most of the day
By the end of the workday, I have a backache
34D
30D
26D
By the end of the workday, I have a headache
24
27
25
By the end of the workday, my legs hurt or
34CD
27C
17
cramp from having to stand most of the day
By the end of the workday, I have muscle strain
31BCD
21
18
CD
D
By the end of the workday, my hands and wrists
29
25
18
are sore and/or cramped
By the end of the workday, my stomach is in
16D
16D
13
knots
Mas/
Doc
D
%
72ABC
47
41
28
16
26
20
17
11
8
Letters in superscript indicate significant differences between letterassigned groups at the .95 level of confidence.
38
VII. Employer Pressures in Medical Situations
Accurately Describes: Top Two Boxes
Voc/
HS or Some
Less
Col
A
B
%
%
The corporate culture at my company is such
21
21
that you feel you have to attend work even
when you’re injured or ill
My company’s management makes it difficult
22C
18
for me and co-workers to take time off to
attend medical appointments
The corporate culture at my company makes it
22CD
23C
difficult to take off time or leave work in an
emergency
My company makes it difficult for me and co19C
12
workers to return to work after a work-related
injury or illness
My co-workers and I know that if one of us
10
11
were to become seriously ill, we’d lose our job
or be demoted
My co-workers and I know that if one of us
8D
10D
takes time off to care for a sick family member,
we’ll lose our job or be demoted
VIII. Paid Personal Time to Go to the Doctor
Voc/
HS or
Some
Less
Col
A
B
%
%
Receive
43
50
Participate
82
81
Col
Grad
C
%
17
Mas/
Doc
D
%
15
11
18
10
9
11
17
5
5
5
2
Col
Grad
C
%
69AB
82
Go without pay
53CD
47CD
28
IX. Allows TAD or Modified Duties to Encourage Employees to
Return to Work After Injury or Illness
Voc/
HS or
Some Col
Less
Col
Grad
A
B
C
%
%
%
Allow for
53
59D
61D
Participate
60
57
48
Mas/
Doc
D
%
71AB
87
23
Mas/
Doc
D
%
44
54
Letters in superscript indicate significant differences between letterassigned groups at the .95 level of confidence.
39
Offer
Participate
X. Healthy Eating in the Workplace
Voc/
HS or Some
Less
Col
A
B
%
%
28
25
84
80
The corporate culture at my company
makes it hard for me to maintain special
dietary needs or a healthy diet: Accurately
describes/Top two boxes
21CD
14
Col
Grad
C
%
30
86
Mas/
Doc
D
%
37B
87
9
11
XI. Drinking After Working Hours
The Corporate Culture in My Company is Such That if You Don’t Go
Out For a Drink With Your Co-workers, You Feel Left Out
Voc/
HS or Some
Col
Mas/
Less
Col
Grad
Doc
A
B
C
D
%
%
%
%
Accurately describes
Inaccurately describes
Non-committal
Don’t know/no answer
4
85
9
2
4
88
6
2
5
84
8
2
XII. Companies Encouraging Their Workers to Exercise
Voc/
HS or Some
Col
Less
Col
Grad
A
B
C
%
%
%
6
86
8
--
Mas/
Doc
D
%
The corporate culture at my company
encourages me and co-workers to get fit
and to stay in shape: Accurately
describes/Top two boxes
39
32
33
39
Sponsor membership to a fitness club
Belong
14
59
16
50
15
60
18
47
Have on-premise work-out or exercise
facility
Participate
16
75
16
72
18
66
31ABC
77
Letters in superscript indicate significant differences between
letter-assigned groups at the .95 level of confidence.
40
XIII. Use of Unconventional Methods for Managing Employee Stress
Voc/
HS or Some Col
Mas/
Less
Col
Grad
Doc
A
B
C
D
%
%
%
%
Allow pets on the premises
Bring pets to work
13
50
13
52
19
52
15
62
Have a room for meditation
Participate
9
67D
17A
61
13
48
14
33
Have message therapy
Participate
6
64
5
60
9
60
5
50
HS or
Less
A
%
Voc/
Some
Col
B
%
Col
Grad
C
%
Mas/
Doc
D
%
Allow employees to work flex time
Participate
41
81
45
83
59AB
77
49
85
Allow employees to occasionally work
from home
Participate
16
66
29
77
44AB
78
46AB
87
Col
Grad
C
%
Mas/
Doc
D
%
XIV. Work Schedule Flexibility
XV. Being Valued in the Workplace
Accurately Describes: Top Two Boxes
Voc/
HS or Some
Less
Col
A
B
%
%
My company’s management treats me and
co-workers with respect
My company’s management cares about me
and my co-workers
55
62
71A
77AB
53
56
66A
70AB
Letters in superscript indicate significant differences between letterassigned groups at the .95 level of confidence.
41
Lower-end salary workers (under $35,000) are more likely than
those who command higher salaries to report a health condition
interfering with their work performance.
XIX. Workplace Experiences: How They Differ for High-Salary and Low-Salary Workers
Lower-end salary workers (under $35,000) are more likely than those who command
higher salaries to report a health condition interfering with their work performance.
Compared to other salary ranges, workers earning under $35,000 are more likely to
report:
•
missing 10 or more days of work a year due to a health condition of theirs or a family
member; 2 times higher than workers who earn $55,000 or more
•
not being able to perform their job fully on one or more days a week because
of poor health or a disability; 4 times higher than workers who earn $75,000 or more
Ironically, workers who earn the least who are the most likely to report a deduction in
pay for attending medical appointments during working hours.
•
Only 44 percent of workers who earn under $35,000 a year report receiving paid
personal time to attend medical appointments, compared to the 63 to 57 percent of
workers whose annual salaries exceed $35,000.
Note: Workers on the highest end of the pay scale ($75,000 plus) are the least likely to
report the necessity of working when injured or ill. However, they’re also the most
likely to have the option of working from home or on flex time.
42
I. Signs of Job-Related Stress
Accurately Describes: Top Two Boxes
$35K
to
$35K $55K
A
B
%
%
Once I’m at work, I have no down time
27
37A
I generally work and eat lunch at the same
31
34
time
From the time I arrive at work until I leave to
37D
32
go home, I never leave the building
My job makes me feel older than I am
24D
23D
My work often causes me to lose sleep at
22
17
night
$55K
to
$75K
C
%
44A
35
$75K
Plus
D
%
37
33
27
25
18
20
10
14
II. Job Demands Take Away From Personal Time
Accurately Describes: Top Two Boxes
$35K $55K
to
to
$35K
$55K $75K
A
B
C
%
%
%
My family and friends think I’m a workaholic
I often miss personal family activities due to
my job
I am unable to use up my vacation time due
to demands at work
My company’s management only promotes
people who are in the habit of working late
$75K
Plus
D
%
31
27B
30
16
33
22
34
22
21
14
17
21
15
11
17
12
III. Workplace Safety Measures vs. Risk
Rated Extremely/Very: Top Two Boxes
$35K $55K
to
to
$35K $55K $75K
A
B
C
%
%
%
Safety measures taken by my employer to
74
74
73
minimize risk of injury are extremely/very good
My risk of personal injury while on the job is
15
20D
20D
extremely/very high
$75K
Plus
D
%
80
9
Letters in superscript indicate significant differences between letterassigned groups at the .95 level of confidence.
43
IV. Loss of Work Productivity Due to Illness
Accurately Describes: Top Two Boxes
$35K $55K
to
to
$75K
$35K $55K $75K Plus
A
B
C
D
%
%
%
%
I miss 10 or more work days a year due to a
15CD
12
6
6
health condition of mine, my children, my
companion, or one or both of my parents
At least one day a week, my ability to perform
12CD
9D
4
3
my job fully is restricted due to my personal
health or disability condition
V. Workplace Pain or Discomfort
$35K $55K
to
to
$75K
$35K $55K $75K Plus
A
B
C
D
%
%
%
%
Experience some form of physical pain or
discomfort by the end of the workday
One or more times a week
Three or more times a week
38
16
37
17
28
14
28
12
Letters in superscript indicate significant differences between letterassigned groups at the .95 level of confidence.
44
VI. Physical Disorders Brought On By the Workplace
Suffer One or More Times a Week
$35K
$55K
to
to
$75K
$35K $55K $75K Plus
A
B
C
D
%
%
%
%
By the end of the workday, I feel drained
64
66
55
55
By the end of the workday, I feel sluggish
51
52
44
55
By the end of the workday, my eyes feel
42
46
37
40
strained and tired
By the end of the workday, my feet ache from
45BCD
32
23
28
having to stand most of the day
By the end of the workday, I have a backache
32
38CD
23
23
By the end of the workday, I have a headache
30
26
27
21
By the end of the workday, my legs hurt or
35CD
30CD
17
15
cramp from having to stand most of the day
By the end of the workday, I have muscle
29CD
27CD
16
16
D
strain
25
27
21
17
By the end of the workday, my hands and
wrists are sore and/or cramped
14D
18D
14
7
By the end of the workday, my stomach is in
knots
Letters in superscript indicate significant differences between letterassigned groups at the .95 level of confidence.
45
Accurately Describes: Top Two Boxes
$35K
to
$35K $55K
A
B
%
%
The corporate culture at my company is such
22D
21D
that you feel you have to attend work even
when you’re injured or ill
My company’s management makes it difficult
20
16
for me and co-workers to take time off to
attend medical appointments
The corporate culture at my company makes it
18
21
difficult to take off time or leave work in an
emergency
My company makes it difficult for me and co14
15
workers to return to work after a work-related
injury or illness
My co-workers and I know that if one of us
7
7
were to become seriously ill we’d lose our job
or be demoted
My co-workers and I know that if one of us
7
7
takes time off to care for a sick family member
we’ll lose our job or be demoted
Receive
Participate
Go without pay
$55K
to
$75K
C
%
21D
$75K
Plus
D
%
10
17
14
19
12
17
15
11
9
7
5
VIII. Paid Personal Time to Go to the Doctor
$35K $55K
to
to
$75K
$35K
$55K $75K Plus
A
B
C
D
%
%
%
%
44
57A
63A
63A
82
80
82
86
50CD
41
34
34
IX. Allows TAD or Modified Duties to Encourage Employees to
Return to Work After Injury or Illness
$35K $55K
to
to
$75K
$35K
$55K $75K Plus
A
B
C
D
%
%
%
%
Allow for
49
58
55
59
Participate
58
57
43
50
Letters in superscript indicate significant differences between
letter-assigned groups at the .95 level of confidence.
46
Offer
Participate
X. Healthy Eating in the Workplace
$35K $55K
to
to
$35K $55K $75K
A
B
C
%
%
%
30
30
28
86
79
79
$75K
Plus
D
%
28
94B
The corporate culture at my company
makes it hard for me to maintain special
dietary needs or a healthy diet: Accurately
describes/Top two boxes
19
13
14
13
XI. Drinking After Working Hours
The Corporate Culture in My Company is Such That if You Don’t Go
Out For a Drink With Your Co-workers, You Feel Left Out
$35K $55K
to
to
$75K
$35K $55K $75K Plus
A
B
C
D
%
%
%
%
Accurately describes
6
5
6
Inaccurately describes
86
85
83
Non-committal
7
7
9
Don’t know/no answer
1
3
2
XII. Companies Encouraging Their Workers to Exercise
$35K $55K
to
to
$35K $55K $75K
A
B
C
%
%
%
3
88
8
--
$75K
Plus
D
%
The corporate culture at my company
encourages me and co-workers to get fit
and to stay in shape: Accurately
describes/Top two boxes
35
35
36
40
Sponsor membership to a fitness club
Belong
16
58
16
43
10
50
20C
57
Have on-premise work-out or exercise
facility
Participate
17
71
17
67
13
85
26D
67
Letters in superscript indicate significant differences between letterassigned groups at the .95 level of confidence.
47
XIII. Use of Unconventional Methods for Managing Employee Stress
$35K $55K
to
to
$75K
$35K $55K $75K Plus
A
B
C
D
%
%
%
%
Allow pets on the premises
Bring pets to work
16
52
13
48
11
45
20
57
Have a room for meditation
Participate
13
67
14
48
11
64
15
47
Have message therapy
Participate
5
67
4
57
8
75D
8
33
XIV. Work Schedule Flexibility
$35K
A
%
$35K $55K
to
to
$55K $75K
B
C
%
%
$75K
Plus
D
%
Allow employees to work flex time
Participate
42
87C
42
84
51
72
66ABC
79
Allow employees to occasionally work
from home
Participate
22
78
26
83
31
71
53ABC
77
XV. Being Valued in the Workplace
Accurately Describes: Top Two Boxes
$35K $55K
to
to
$35K $55K $75K
A
B
C
%
%
%
My company’s management treats me and
co-workers with respect
My company’s management cares about me
and my co-workers
$75K
Plus
D
%
62
56
65
76AB
55
52
65B
73AB
Letters in superscript indicate significant differences between
letter-assigned groups at the .95 level of confidence.
48
Even though white collar workers and blue collar workers share
many common experiences in the workplace, blue collar workers
report many more physical demands and pressures that lead to
illness and injury. They also report having less flexibility in terms
of work hours and working off-premise.
XIX. Workplace Experiences: How They Differ for Blue Collar and White Collar Workers
Compared to their white collar counterparts (those not in management posts), blue collar
workers are more likely to report:
•
•
loss of night time sleep due to work; 69 percent higher than white collar workers
job demands making them feel older than they are; 2 times higher than white collar
workers
•
having difficulty maintaining healthy eating habits in the workplace; 91 percent higher
than white collar workers
•
job demands making it impossible for them to take all of their earned vacation time;
•
75 percent higher than white collar workers
•
•
a high risk of personal injury on the job; 3½ times higher than white collar workers
having pain or discomfort at the end of the workday; 44 percent higher than white collar
workers
•
having difficulty getting time off to attend doctor appointments; 69 percent higher than
white collar workers
•
having to show up for work even when ill or injured; 73 percent higher than white collar
workers
In contrast to the blue collar workers, conditions, white collar workers are more likely to
report:
•
•
•
management treats them with respect; 38 percent higher than blue collar workers
management cares about them as individuals; 29 percent higher than blue collar workers
having paid personal time to attend doctor appointments; 66 percent higher than blue
collar workers
•
•
the offer of flex time; 74 percent higher than blue collar workers
the option of occasionally working from home; 4 times higher than blue collar workers
49
I. Signs of Job-Related Stress
Accurately Describes: Top Two Boxes
Other
Prof/ White
Man
Col
A
B
%
%
Once I’m at work, I have no down time
43BC
29
I generally work and eat lunch at the same time
36
27
From the time I arrive at work until I leave to go
34D
35D
home, I never leave the building
My job makes me feel older than I am
19
13
My work often causes me to lose sleep at night
19
13
Blue
Col
C
%
31
29
33
Tech
D
%
31
31
20
27B
22BD
18
11
II. Job Demands Take Away From Personal Time
Accurately Describes: Top Two Boxes
Other
Prof/ White Blue
Man
Col
Col Tech
A
B
C
D
%
%
%
%
My family and friends think I’m a workaholic
I often miss personal family activities due to my job
I am unable to use up my vacation time due to
demands at work
My company’s management only promotes people
who are in the habit of working late
26
21
19D
27
16
12D
35
24
21DB
38
18
4
11
12
19A
24
III. Workplace Safety Measures vs. Risk
Rated Extremely/Very: Top Two Boxes
Other
Prof/ White Blue
Man
Col
Col
A
B
C
%
%
%
Safety measures taken by my employer to
76
79
71
minimize risk of injury are extremely/very good
My risk of personal injury while on the job is
7
9
33ABD
extremely/very high
Tech
D
%
76
18
Letters in superscript indicate significant differences between letterassigned groups at the .95 level of confidence.
50
IV. Loss of Work Productivity Due to Illness
Accurately Describes: Top Two Boxes
Other
Prof/ White
Man
Col
A
B
%
%
I miss 10 or more work days a year due to a
7
13D
health condition of mine, my children, my
companion, or one or both of my parents
At least one day a week, my ability to perform my
3C
6
job fully is restricted due to my personal health or
disability condition
V. Workplace Pain or Discomfort
Other
Prof/
White
Man
Col
A
B
%
%
Experience some form of physical pain or
discomfort by the end of the workday
one or more times a week
21
32A
three or more times a week
9
11
Blue
Col
C
%
12D
Tech
D
%
4
11
4
Blue
Col
C
%
Tech
D
%
46ABD
29ABD
29
11
Letters in superscript indicate significant differences between letterassigned groups at the .95 level of confidence.
51
VI. Physical Disorders Brought On By the Workplace
Suffer One or More Times a Week
Other
Prof/ White Blue
Man
Col
Col
A
B
C
%
%
%
By the end of the workday, I feel drained
64
56
63
By the end of the workday, I feel sluggish
47
46
54
By the end of the workday, my eyes feel
39
47
39
strained and tired
By the end of the workday, my feet ache from
26
23
51BC
having to stand most of the day
By the end of the workday, I have a backache
23
22
42ABD
By the end of the workday, I have a headache
21
26
28
By the end of the workday, my legs hurt or
17
19
39ABD
cramp from having to stand most of the day
By the end of the workday, I have muscle
17
17
36AB
strain
13
18
39ABC
By the end of the workday, my hands and
wrists are sore and/or cramped
9
19A
14
By the end of the workday, my stomach is in
knots
Tech
D
%
60
58
49
23
21
31
18
24
24
13
Letters in superscript indicate significant differences between
letter-assigned groups at the .95 level of confidence.
52
VII. Employer Pressures in Medical Situations
Accurately Describes: Top Two Boxes
Other
Prof/ White
Blue
Man
Col
Col
A
B
C
%
%
%
The corporate culture at my company is such
16
15
26ABD
that you feel you have to attend work even
when you’re injured or ill
My company’s management makes it difficult
13
13
22AB
for me and co-workers to take time off to
attend medical appointments
The corporate culture at my company makes it
10
20A
21A
difficult to take off time or leave work in an
emergency
My company makes it difficult for me and co13
12
17
workers to return to work after a work-related
injury or illness
My co-workers and I know that if one of us
8
9
7
were to become seriously ill, we’d lose our job
or be demoted
My co-workers and I know that if one of us
5
7
8
takes time off to care for a sick family member,
we’ll lose our job or be demoted
VIII. Paid Personal Time to Go to the Doctor
Other
Prof/
White Blue
Man
Col
Col
A
B
C
%
%
%
Receive
70C
63C
38
Participate
85D
87D
81
Go without pay
27
32
60ABD
IX. Allows TAD or Modified Duties to Encourage Employees to
Return to Work After Injury or Illness
Other
Prof/
White Blue
Man
Col
Col
A
B
C
%
%
%
Allow for
53
61
55
Participate
50
52
59
Tech
D
%
12
14
24A
17
12
10
Tech
D
%
67C
67
31
Tech
D
%
60
41
Letters in superscript indicate significant differences between letterassigned groups at the .95 level of confidence.
53
Offer
Participate
X. Healthy Eating in the Workplace
Other
Prof/ White
Man
Col
A
B
%
%
35BC
24
83
85
The corporate culture at my company
makes it hard for me to maintain special
dietary needs or a healthy diet: Accurately
describes/Top two boxes
14
11
Blue
Col
C
%
24
78
Tech
D
%
33
80
21BD
10
XI. Drinking After Working Hours
The Corporate Culture in My Company is Such That if You Don’t Go
Out For a Drink With Your Co-workers, You Feel Left Out
Other
Prof/ White Blue
Man
Col
Col
Tech
A
B
C
D
%
%
%
%
Accurately describes
Inaccurately describes
Non-committal
Don’t know/no answer
7D
85
8
1
4
85
9
3
5
85
9
1
XII. Companies Encouraging Their Workers to Exercise
Other
Prof/ White Blue
Man
Col
Col
A
B
C
%
%
%
-90
5
5
Tech
D
%
The corporate culture at my company
encourages me and co-workers to get fit
and to stay in shape: Accurately
describes/Top two boxes
34
37
32
43
Sponsor Membership to a fitness club
Belong
19C
60
13
56
10
38
33BC
40
Have on-premise work-out or exercise
facility
Participate
24C
76
18
56
15
84B
20
56
Letters in superscript indicate significant differences between letterassigned groups at the .95 level of confidence.
54
XIII. Use of Unconventional Methods for Managing Employee Stress
Other
Prof/ White Blue
Man
Col
Col
Tech
A
B
C
D
%
%
%
%
Allow pets on the premises
Bring pets to work
17C
56
17C
33
9
60
9
25
Have a room for meditation
Participate
15
46
11
53
10
56
7
33
10BD
72CD
4
67D
5
33D
2
--
Prof/
Man
A
%
Other
White
Col
B
%
Blue
Col
C
%
Tech
D
%
Allow employees to work flex time
Participate
57C
82
54C
75
31
82
60C
78
Allow employees to occasionally work
from home
Participate
46C
81C
36C
72
9
50
40C
67
Blue
Col
C
%
Tech
D
%
Have message therapy
Participate
XIV. Work Schedule Flexibility
XV. Being Valued in the Workplace
Accurately Describes: Top Two Boxes
Other
Prof/ White
Man
Col
A
B
%
%
My company’s management treats me and
co-workers with respect
My company’s management cares about me
and my co-workers
71C
72C
52
57
67C
66C
51
52
Letters in superscript indicate significant differences between
letter-assigned groups at the .95 level of confidence.
55
Appendix
Reliability of Survey Percentages
Results of any sample are subject to sampling variations. The magnitude of the variation is
measurable and is affected by the number of interviews and the level of the percentages
expressing the results.
The table below shows the possible sample variation that applies to percentage results
reported in this sample. The chances are 95 in 100 that a survey result does not vary, plus or
minus, by more than the indicated number of percentage points from the result that would be
obtained if interviews had been conducted with all persons in the universe represented by the
sample.
Approximate Sampling Tolerances Applicable to
Percentages at or Near These Levels
Size of Sample on Which
Survey Results are Based
600 interviews
400 interviews
300 interviews
250 interviews
200 interviews
100 interviews
10% or 90% 20% or 80% 30% or 70%
2%
3%
3%
4%
4%
6%
3%
4%
5%
5%
6%
8%
4%
4%
5%
6%
6%
9%
40% or 60%
50%
4%
5%
6%
6%
7%
10%
4%
5%
6%
6%
7%
10%
57
Sampling Tolerances When Comparing Two Samples
Tolerances are also involved in the comparison of results from independent parts of any one
survey and in the comparison of results between two independent surveys. A difference must
be of at least a certain number of percentage points to be considered statistically significant.
The table below is a guide to the sampling tolerances in percentage points applicable to such
comparisons, based on a 95% confidence level.
Differences Required for Significance at or Near These
Percentage Levels
Size of Samples
Compared
600 and 600
600 and 400
400 and 300
300 and 300
300 and 200
200 and 200
200 and 150
150 and 150
150 and 100
100 and 100
10% or 90% 20% or 80% 30% or 70%
4%
4%
5%
5%
5%
6%
6%
7%
8%
8%
5%
5%
6%
7%
7%
8%
8%
9%
10%
11%
5%
6%
7%
7%
8%
9%
9%
10%
12%
13%
40% or 60%
50%
6%
6%
8%
8%
9%
9%
9%
10%
13%
14%
6%
6%
8%
8%
9%
10%
10%
10%
14%
14%
58
Personal Demographics of Samples
National
(632)
%
Gender
Male
Female
52
48
Age
18 – 24
25 – 34
35 – 44
45 – 54
55 – 64
65 – 74
75 or older
Refused
9
23
26
28
11
1
1
1
Marital Status
Married/co-habitating
Single
Widowed
Separated
Divorced
Refused
55
31
1
2
8
2
Education
Grade school or less
Some high school
Graduated high school
Vocational or trade school
Some college
College graduate
Some graduate school
Masters
Professional degree
Doctorate
Refused
*
2
21
5
21
26
5
13
3
1
1
59
Personal Demographics of Samples Continued
National
(632)
%
H.H. Annual Income (before taxes)
Under $25,000
$25,000 - $34,999
$35,000 - $44,999
$45,000 - $54,999
$55,000 - $74,999
$75,000 - $99,999
$100,000 - $149,999
$150,000 or more
Refused
7
14
13
13
15
9
9
4
16
60
Employment Demographics of Samples
National
(632)
%
Occupational/Job Title
Blue Collar Worker, Patrol Officer
Account Executive, Account Coordinator
Manager, Project Manager
Teacher
Supervisor, Assistant Manager, Foreman
Director, Department Head
Secretary, Administrative Assistant, Clerk
Technician
Sales, Real Estate Broker
Owner, Self-employed, Freelancer
Engineer, Systems Analyst
Corporate Head, President, CEO
Accountant, Auditor
Social Service Worker
Other
Refused
24
10
9
9
6
5
5
5
5
5
3
2
2
2
6
3
Employer’s Primary Business
Manufacturing
Education/Child Care
Retail Trade
Business Services
Uniformed Services
Transportation
Public, Government Administration
Food Service
Communications
Wholesale Trade
Professional Services
Software
Other
Refused
13
13
11
9
4
3
3
3
2
2
2
2
21
1
Type of Employment
Full-time
Part-time
Modified Duties
Refused
85
13
1
1
Avg. number of workdays per week
Avg. number of hours per workday
5
8.2
61
Employment Demographics of Sample Continued
Avg. years working for current employer
National
(632)
%
8.8
Employer Size (number of employees)
Less than 5
5-9
10 - 24
25 - 49
50 - 99
100 - 499
500 - 999
1,000 and over
Don’t know/no answer
12
5
6
6
7
16
7
31
9
Self-employed
Telecommute
16
20
62