Evolution!
Evidence
for
Evolution
Misc.
Evolution
Natural
Selection
Early Life
on Earth
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FJ
Evolution
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Question: Evolution happens
to __________ not __________
Answer: Populations not
individuals
Evolution
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Question: What is the definition
of evolution
Answer:
Change in the frequencies of
alleles in a population over time
Evolution
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Question: What are the 5
mechanisms that can cause
evolution?
Answer:
1. Genetic Drift (Chance events in
a small population)
2. Non-Random mating (sexual
Selection)
3. Mutations
4. Gene flow
5. Natural Selection (adaptations)
Evolution
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Question: Evolution can only
occur if there is______ _______.
Answer: Genetic
Variety/Diversity
Evolution
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Question: The rapid
evolutionary process by which
many plant species have
emerged
Answer: Polyploidy
Natural
Selection
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Question: What is the
definition of Natural Selection?
Answer: The survival and
reproduction of the
individuals that are
genetically best fit for their
environment
Natural
Selection
Daily Double
Question: The variety of dog
and cat breeds that we have
today are a product of
_________ _____________.
Answer: Artificial Breeding
(Selective Breeding)
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Natural
Selection
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Question: What are the 4 lines of evidence
that support Darwin’s theory of natural
selection?
Answer:
1. Direct observation (peppered moth,
drug-resistant bacteria)
2. Fossil record (Cetaceans transition
from land to sea)
3. Homologous structures (Mammal arm
bones, Heart chambers)
4. Biogeography (Matching continental
drift with species divergence)
Natural
Selection
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Question: How is the theory
of natural selection different
from Lamarck's theory?
Answer:
Lamarck: organisms acquire traits during
their lifetime and then pass them on to their
offspring.
Darwin: Organisms are born with inherited
traits. The traits that confer the ability to
survive and reproduce are passed on
Natural
Selection
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Question: A little child catches a
fly and pulls its wings off. The fly
actually lives a better life, but does
not pass its lack of wings on to its
offspring because the loss of wings
is an _________ _______.
Answer: Acquired Trait
Early Life on
Earth
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Question: What are two structures
and/or functions that are shared by
all domains of life?
Answer
1. DNA and RNA as carriers of genetic information
through transcription, translation and
replication
2. Major features of genetic code (ATGC,
phosphate-sugar backbone, DNA polymerases)
3. Metabolic pathways (Kreb’s cycle, Glycolysis,
photosynthesis in both pro- and Eukaryotes
Primates
Early life on Earth
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Question: The line of evidence
that nearly all of our
understanding of the history
of life depends on.
Answer: The geologic
and/or fossil record
Primates
Early
Life on
Earth
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Question: The name of the
experiment that demonstrated the
possibility of abiogenesis
Answer:
Miller-Urey
Primates
Early
Life on
earth
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Question: What are two structures
and/or functions that are shared by
all domains of life?
Answer
1. DNA and RNA as carriers of genetic information
through transcription, translation and
replication
2. Major features of genetic code (ATGC,
phosphate-sugar backbone, DNA polymerases)
3. Metabolic pathways (Kreb’s cycle, Glycolysis,
photosynthesis in both pro- and Eukaryotes
Primates
Early
Life on
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Earth
Question: The four steps through which
the first cells were produced
Answer:
1. Organic Monomers produced from
inorganic precursors + Free Energy
2. Monomers synthesized into complex
molecules including Amino acides and
nucleotides
3. Packaging of polymers into protocells
with lipid membrane
4. Origin of self-replicating molecules that
allowed natural selection to occur.
Evidence
for
Evolution
Question: The hip bones of a
dolphin and the tailbone of a
human are examples of what?
Answer: Vestigial Structures
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Evidence
for
Evolution
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Question: Give an example of a structure
that is homologous to a cat’s paw.
Answer: Answers vary.
Dog’s paw, human arm,
bat wing, whale flipper
Evidence
for
Evolution
Question: Give the definition
of an analogous structure.
Answer: Body parts that share
a common function but have a
different structure and
evolutionary lineage
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Evidence
for
Evolution
Question: When two
organisms share a large
amount of similar DNA, what
does that tell scientists?
Answer: they are closely
related
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Evidence
for
Evolution
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Question: In embryology, when
the embryos are very similar to
each other, this means… ?
Answer: the organisms had a common
ancestor
Misc.
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Question: What is the ability
of an organism to survive and
reproduce in its environment.
Answer: fitness
Misc.
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Question: A group of
organisms that can produce
viable, fertile offspring are
called this.
Answer: A species
Misc.
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Question: Category and name
of reproductive barrier in
which reproduction is
prevented by seasonal
differences in mating
Answer: Pre-zygotic,
Temporal Isolation
Misc.
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Question: Why was the
appearance of autotrophs on
earth so important to life as
we now know it?
Answer: they produced
oxygen that built up in our
atmosphere
Misc.
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Question: 2 lines of evidence
on which a phylogenetic tree
can be created
Answer:
1. Morphological similarities
2. DNA/Protein Sequence
divergence
Final Jeopardy Topic
Evolution
Final Jeopardy Question
Fossils of lobe-finned fishes, which are ancestors of amphibians,
are found in rocks that are at least 380 million years old. Fossils
of the oldest amphibian-like vertebrate animals with true legs
and lungs are found in rocks that are approximately 363 million
years old. Three samples of rocks are available that might
contain fossils of a transitional species between lobe-finned
fishes and amphibians: one rock sample that is 350 million years
old, one that is 370 million years old, and one that is 390 million
years old.
(a) Select the most appropriate sample of rocks in which to
search for a transitional species between lobe-finned
fishes and amphibians. Justify your selection.
(b) Describe TWO pieces of evidence provided by fossils of a
transitional species that would support a hypothesis that
amphibians evolved from lobe-finned fishes.