The Graphical look at typefaces
All typefaces are measured in the POINT SYSTEM, usually
called pt . One point is equal in line spacing to 0.351mm.
The standard size for most script writing is 12pt and is known as a
PICA.
Writing for computer screen communication, the sizes below 16pt
should be avoided to avoid reader eye strain.
Up to 12pt are known as Composition, 14 to 72pt are known as
Display, over 72pt are known as Headlines
Eight point size
Nine point size
Ten point size
Twelve point size
Fourteen point size
Sixteen point size
Eighteen point size
Twenty point size
Twenty-Four point size
Twenty-Eight point size
Thirty-Two point size
Thirty-Six point size
Forty point size
Eighteen point size in Bold is the preferred
computer reading size
The Font , or Fount, is the style of lettering/numbering.
Computers contain most font styles available, or are available as
rub on vinyl called “lettraset”.
Justification is the adjustment of the spaces between words to
allow the edges of the text to line up, or follow a line.
Justification is the adjustment
of the spaces between words
to allow the edges of the text
to line up, or follow a line.
Justification is the
adjustment of the spaces
between words to allow
the edges of the text to line
up, or follow a line.
Justification is the adjustment of the spaces
between words to allow the edges of the
text to line up, or follow a line.
Ink Roller
Wetting
solution
Plate Roller
Blanket Roller
Impression Roller
Paper feed
Direction
The image to be printed is transferred photographically onto a
cylindrical plate, the plate is washed with a chemical that attracts ink
to the surface of the image. The wetting repels ink away from other
non-image areas, the plate is then inked and pressed through a Blanket
roller. Because there is a transfer of images via the third roller, the
process is called Offset.
It must be in
Mirrored image!
The image is etched
onto a flexible roller is
soft plastic. This is
most used method of
printing en-mass, the
speed is high the
accuracy good. The
cost of changing
images is small
compared to the print
runs involved.
Image impression
roller
Ink supply
Engraved impression roller
Ink Supply
Opposite of letterpress, the image is in relief, engraved into the
roller, the ink filling the image recess. The excess ink is cleaned off
the roller, the paper then pressed onto the impression roller.
Not always Silk, the screen can be made from thin Polyester, Nylon
even fine steel mesh. The image is in the form of the mesh, the ink
or paint, is applied through the mesh, the rest being blocked off.
Short runs
T-Shirts Posters
Variable
Quality
Stationery
High
Quality
Batch
Mass
production
High
Quality
Posters
High
Quality
Packaging
Mass
production
Newspapers
Mass
production
High
Quality
Yellow
Magenta
Cyan
Black
Making colours by mixing dots of differing colour together.
Red
All red
Pink
Red and White
Purple
Red and Blue
The light sensitive film or ionised plate in a scanner can be used
to photograph a picture, pick out only certain colours and then
used in separate printing processes to re-combine the colours to
produce a finished picture by mass production.
The layering of images needs to be carefully aligned, this is called
registering. Mass produced printing has strips of markings on the
paper edge, to locate with the machinery alignment mechanism.
The resistance to the environment is very important, a coloured
sheet could be destroyed in a damp atmosphere, colours could run
together, the paper could even dissolve.
Coating for paper or card can be applied in a variety of methods,
sprayed, dipped or rolled on. The coating of plastic, varnish can
give the paper or card a high resistance against the environment
for which it has been designed. BUT Some coatings may change
colour with UV lighting.
A clear separate film of plastic can be applied to a printed sheet, this
will give a tough shiny finish which is totally waterproof and scratch
resistant. Though relatively expensive it is used mainly in the food
packaging industry to protect long shelf life products.
This process is called Laminating
Simply pressing the image either into the card from the front or from
the back to produce raised or sunken effects. Some plastic materials
actually change colour with the stressing of the presswork, this effect
can be used to produce lighter images.
To mass produce a box, a template is not fast nor accurate
enough. A cutter the same shape should be used, this cutter is
called the DIE cutter. It is very expensive but will produce many
boxes over its life-span.
This method of producing box nets is called Die Cutting
Cardboard has thickness
and if it is folded too
sharply it will crack the
outside surface!
Too sharp a corner
A rounded crease is
needed using metal
punches
Double - sided tape or hot melt glue or even Sonic welding to
join the box together
The machines can even
put the product inside
for you!