The Plant Kingdom (Part III)
Kings of Photosynthesis
Engage
Explore
Begin Photosynthesis Lab
Photosynthesis Foldable
Explain
• Autotrophs:
biotic producers;
photoautotrophs; chemoautotrophs;
obtains organic food without eating
other organisms
• Heterotrophs:
biotic consumers; obtains organic
food by eating other organisms or
their by-products (includes
decomposers)
Video 2
General Over View of
Photosynthesis
Sunlight
1. 6 CO2+ 6 H2O ------------------> C6H12O6 +6 O2
Chlorophyll
2. Carried out in plants, algae, and some bacteria.
3. In plants and algae; chloroplasts. Bacteria;
cytoplasm.
4. The process is broken down into two parts:
a). Light reactions b). Dark reactions (Calvin Cycle).
Light Spectrum
violet
indigo
380nm 450
nm
blue
green
yellow orange red
500
nm
550
nm
600
nm
650
nm
700750nm
Light Being Used
Chlorophyll is the main pigment in the
chloroplast. It is green and will reflect the
green light.
Plants use the violet- blue area of the
spectrum the most.
The orange - red area is used also used.
Chlorophyll Light Absorption
Absorption of Light by
Chlorophyll a and Chlorophyll b
Chlorophyll b
Chlorophyll a
V
B
G
YO
R
The chloroplast
•
•
•
•
•
•
Sites of photosynthesis
Pigment: chlorophyll
Plant cell: mesophyll
Gas exchange: stomata
Double membrane
Thylakoids, grana,
stroma
Photosynthesis: An Overview
Light
CO2
Chloroplast
Chloroplast
NADP+
ADP + P
LightDependent
Reactions
Calvin
Cycle
ATP
NADPH
O2
Sugars
Video 3
Light Reactions
This set of reactions needs sunlight and
chlorophyll.
They occur in the area of the chloroplast
called the thylakoids.
Sunlight hits and activates an area called the
photosystem causing water molecules to split
into H+ and O2
The Oxygen leaves the cell, while the H+ are
used to help create 2 high energy chemicals
ATP and NADPH.
These chemicals are sent to the stroma to be
used in the Dark Reactions.
Dark Reactions
They occur in the stroma of the chloroplast.
This process does not need sunlight and can
occur 24 hours a day.
In this series of reactions the plant makes a
chemical called PGAL from carbon dioxide
and the energy from the ATP and NADPH.
This PGAL is an intermediate compound that
is raw material for all the materials a plant
needs. The most common is sugar.
Calvin Cycle
CO2 Enters the Cycle
Energy Input
ChloropIast
5-Carbon
Molecules
Regenerated
6-Carbon Sugar
Produced
Sugars and other compounds
Summary
This is a building process
It requires water, carbon dioxide, sunlight,
and chlorophyll. It produces sugar and
oxygen..
The Light reaction produces oxygen and the
needed materials for the Dark reactions.
The Dark reactions produce PGAL from the
carbon dioxide, ATP and NADPH.
PGAL will be used to produce sugar and
other materials.
Elaborate
Finish Photosynthesis Lab
Photosynthesis Concept Map
Compare/Contrast
Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
CO2
Photosynthesis
includes
uses
Lightdependent
reactions
Calvin cycle
use
take place in
Energy from
sunlight
Thylakoid
membranes
to produce
ATP
NADPH
O2
takes place in
Stroma
uses
ATP
NADPH
of
to produce
Chloroplasts
High-energy
sugars
Mitochondrion
Electrons carried in NADH
Electrons carried
in NADH and
FADH2
Pyruvic acid
Glucose
Glycolysis
Krebs
Cycle
Electron
Transport Chain
Mitochondrion
Cytoplasm
Evaluation