The Beginning of Man
Pangaea
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hPjFw3269
P8
Pangaea Breaks Apart
• The first inhabitants
travel to the Americas
http://www.youtube.com/
watch?v=mmbU7mQIc-c
• Early Nomads are
hunters and gathers
– They travel following their
food source
Before Columbus
• Nomads begin to settle and grow crops and
develop cities
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7FItlStGMY4
(America Before Columbus)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0QigcivaDYg
(Did Columbus Discover America?)
Europe
• Middle Ages – 500 to 1500 A.D. – widespread
starvation, poverty, disease and warfare in Europe
• The Renaissance – the rebirth of education, art,
and literature
• Christianity becomes main religion of Europe
• Crusades – brought Europe into contact with Asia,
Europeans gained desire for Asian goods
• Marco Polo traveled from Italy to China in 1274;
wrote book about adventures; made people want
to travel
• New technologies – ships, sails, compass, guns
• Expanding populations – needed more space
• Trade increased – merchants wanted access to
Asia – spices, silk, porcelain
• Main trade route was called the Silk Road – long
and dangerous land route
• Portugal – led European exploration for water
route to Asia – Vasco da Gama
• Caravels – small, fast ships good for exploring
Caravel
Other Explorers
• Amerigo Vespucci – 1st European to find the
mainland of the Americas – 1499, 1502
• Giovanni da Verrazano – 1st European to reach
North Carolina – 1524
• French – Canada
• English – Atlantic coast of North America
• Spanish – Central and South America
Leif Eriksson sights land
Christopher Columbus
Amerigo Vespucci
Silk Road
European Explorations
Columbus Departs from Spain
Columbus Comes to the Americas
http://www.youtube.com/wa
tch?v=My8Vd-NZ8Qo
(Columbus Biography)
• Europeans bring diseases
that kill off approx. 90% of
the native population
• Force native population
into slavery in the pursuit
of gold and riches
The Columbian Biological Exchange
Diseases:
Old World to New
World:
Smallpox
Measles
Chicken Pox
Malaria
Yellow Fever
Influenza
The Common Cold
New World to Old World:
Syphilis
Smallpox Victim
Native populations were devastated by disease
The Columbian Biological Exchange
Animals:
Old World to New
World:
Horses
Cattle
Pigs
Sheep
Goats
Chickens
New World to Old World:
Turkeys
Llamas
Alpacas
Guinea Pigs
The Columbian Biological Exchange
Old World to New
World:
Plants:
Rice
Wheat
Barley
Oats
Coffee
Sugarcane
Bananas
Melons
Olives
Dandelions
Daisies
Clover
Ragweed
Kentucky Bluegrass
New World to Old World:
Corn (Maize)
Potatoes (White & Sweet Varieties)
Beans (Snap, Kidney, & Lima
Varieties)
Tobacco
Peanuts
Squash
Peppers
Tomatoes
Pumpkins
Pineapples
Cacao (Source of Chocolate)
Chicle (Source of Chewing Gum)
Papayas
Manioc (Tapioca)
Guavas
Avocados
3 G’s of Expansion
1. Gold
-Riches (Mostly Explorers)
2. God
-Convert Natives
3. Glory
-Make a Name for Themselves
Discovering Mexico
• Spanish Conquistadors continue to
explore the Americas in search of
gold
• Many marry native women and have
children labeled mestizo
• Cortez discovers the Aztec
population and conquers the native
people
– Native people decreased from approx.
20 million to 2 million people in less
than 100 years
Setting Up Trade
• St. Augustine (Florida) is
secured as a trading sight
with Europe
• Settlers begin to settle in
New Mexico, natives rebel
“The Pope Rebellion”
– Burned down churches and
killed priests
• “The Black Legend” is born
– Settlers only come to conquer
and torture natives, take gold,
and give small box/diseases
before leaving
England Comes to America
• Sir Francis Drake Sails Around the World
– Brings back plundered Spanish gold to England
• England Becomes a Strong Naval Power
Roanoke Colony
• Settlers (Men and Women) come to Roanoke
Island
• Stay 3 years
• Disappear
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1mMGYyT-wv0
The Virginia Company
• King James I sends settlers
(Mostly Men) to establish
Jamestown (1609)
• Captain John Smith Arrives
and Commands
– Gets the settlement in order
• 400 settlers come, After
the harsh winter of 16091610 only 60 survive
http://www.youtube.com/wa
tch?v=OA1wYOlJN4o
Jamestown
• 1st permanent English settlement – Virginia in 1607
• John Smith (military leader), John Rolfe (tobacco),
Pocahontas (married Rolfe, not Smith)
• Colony almost did not survive – bad location and
they did not bring farmers nor carpenters on the first
trip
• 1608 – Starving Time due to a famine
• 1619 (a big year): House of Burgess (1st
representative assembly), English women arrive,
Africans brought as Indentured Servants
Jamestown
John Rolfe
marries
Pocahontas
John Smith
Pocahontas
Plymouth Rock
• Sought Religious Freedom from England
• Mayflower (Ship) drops settlers off and
returns to England
• Pilgrims (People)
• Livestock, books, dogs, families,
spinning wheels
• Arrive in the middle of winter
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kwJDra
GAV44
• Disease rapidly wipes out population
before shelters are built
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QZRI1
BIaER4 (The Truth About Thanksgiving)
Powhatan Wars
• Lord De La Warr brings supplies
and military to Jamestown
– Starts war with the Powhatan Tribe
• Pocahontas Marries John Rolfe
– Ends the first Anglo-Powhatan War
• By 1685, English Consider Powhatan
Tribes Extinct after Second AngloPowhatan War
West Africa
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Societies were similar to North America
Carried on most of their trade with Europe and Asia
Became the center of the world’s slave trade
Slaves
A. War Prisoners
B. Criminals
C. People kidnapped from other tribes
The West Indian Islands
• England claims for sugar crop
• Starts Slave Trade
– African slaves shipped to the islands
– Slaves to Englishman (4:1)
• Barbados Slave Code of 1661
– Took away all basic rights for slaves
Triangle Trade