Beam Pumping Workshop
Houston, Texas
October 4 - 7, 2005
Total Well Management
Lynn Rowlan
Analysis STEPS to Apply the Concept of
Modern Total Well Management:
1. Analyze the well’s inflow performance to
determine if additional production is available.
2. Determine the overall efficiency to identify
wells that are candidates for improvement.
3. Analyze the performance of the pump.
4. Analyze the performance of the down hole gas
separator.
5. Analyze mechanical loading of rods and
pumping unit.
6. Analyze performance of prime mover.
7. Design modifications to existing system.
8. Implement changes and verify improvement.
LIQUID LEVEL EQUIPMENT USED
TO PERFORM ACOUSTIC TEST
ACOUSTIC SURVEYS ANSWER THE FOLLOWING
WELL PERFORMANCE QUESTIONS:
1. What is the depth to the top of the liquid?
2. Does liquid exist above the pump?
3. Does the liquid in the casing annulus restrict production?
4. What is the maximum production rate available from the
well?
5. What is the casing-head pressure? Does it restrict
production?
6. What is the percentage of liquid in the annular fluid
column?
7. Is gas flowing up the annulus? At what rate?
8. What is the gas gravity?
9. Are there any restrictions or anomalies in the annulus?
SINGLE and MULTI- SHOT
ACOUSTIC TESTS
1.
SINGLE SHOT ACOUSTIC TESTS DETERMINE THE
LIQUID LEVEL DEPTH , BOTOM HOLE PRESSURES
AND WELL INFLOW PERFORMANCE AND THE
MAXIMUM PRODUCTION RATE.
2.
MULTI-SHOT PRESSURE TRANSIENT TESTS
DETERMINE THE PERFORMANCE OF THE
FORMATION, SKIN DAMAGE AND RESERVOIR
PRESSURE.
3.
MULTI-SHOT ACOUSTIC LIQUID TRACKING TESTS
PERMIT LIQUID LEVEL TRACKING IN WORKOVER
AND DRILLING OPERATIONS.
Acoustic Time to Well Depth Relationship
1.
The Depth from the gun
to an anomaly in the
casing annulus is directly
proportional to the time,
RTTT, for the acoustic
pulse to travel from the
gun down the casing to
the anomaly and reflect
back to the microphone.
2.
Microphone housed in the
gas gun detects the blast
from the shot and
reflected sound from
collars, liners,
perforations, liquid level,
plus other obstructions in
the annulus.
LIQUID LEVEL ANALYSIS
Depth to DownHole Anomaly
LIQUID LEVEL ANALYSIS
Automatically Count Collars to Liquid Level
Other Methods:
Acoustic Velocity
Downhole Marker
LIQUID LEVEL ANALYSIS
Measure Annular Gas Flow Rates
1.
Test casingpressure-buildup
by closing the
casing valve while
the well pumps
and gas flows for a
short time into the
annulus.
2.
The rate at which
casing pressure
increases is
measured.
3.
Accurate annular
gas flow rate &
%liquid can be
determined from a
casing pressure
buildup test.
Measurement of small pressure changes
require precision instrumentation.
11.5 BOPD Additional Production Available
DYNAMOMETER TRANSDUCERS
Determine Position and Load
DYNAMOMETER SURVEYS ANSWER
THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS:
1.
Is the well pumped off?
2.
What is the pump intake pressure?
3.
What is the pump fillage? And pump displacement?
4.
What is the current pumping speed?
5.
Are the traveling and/or standing valves leaking?
6.
Are the maximum and minimum rod loads within limits?
7.
What is the polished rod and pump horsepower?
8.
Is the gearbox overloaded? Is the unit properly
balanced?
9.
What movement of the counterweights will balance the
unit?
10.
Is the downhole gas separator operating effectively?
Dynamometer Analysis:
1) Surface Dynamometer
cards for designing and
diagnosing surface
problems.
 Rod String
 Pumping Unit
 Pump Problems
 Excessive Friction
2) Pump card for analysis of
downhole problems.
 Unanchored Tubing
 Tubing Leak
 Pump Problems
 Excessive Friction
Surface Card
Pump Card
Are Traveling And Standing
Valve Load Tests OK?
Traveling Valve Test
Traveling Valve Load Test shows load loss during valve check due to
the diametric clearances (0.008” above) between the pump plunger and barrel.
Well Starts up With Low Pump Fillage After Being Down
10 Minutes Indicating A Poor Downhole Gas Separator
System Efficiency is 39% mainly due to a poor gas separator
After Installation of a Good Gas Separator, Well Starts Pumping
with Complete Pump Fillage After Being Down 10 Minutes
 After
gas Separator
Pumped
Off
37 Full
Strokes
System Efficiency increased from 39 % to 54%
Measurement of Instantaneous Power
TWO CURRENT SENSORS
THREE VOLTAGE SENSORS
MOTOR POWER SURVEYS ANSWER
THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS:
1.
What is the overall electrical efficiency of the pumping
system?
2.
Is the overall electrical efficiency above 50%?
3.
What is the power consumption, $/month, $/BBL, and
power demand, KW?
4.
What is the motor current? Does the motor overheat?
5.
Does the motor generate electricity at some time during
the stroke? Is credit allowed for generation?
6.
Is the gearbox overloaded?
7.
Is the pumping unit properly balanced?
8.
What movement of counterweights required to balance
unit?
OVERALL SYSTEM EFFICIENCY
OVERALL SYSTEM EFFICIENCY IS DEFINED
AS THE AMOUNT OF THEORETICAL WORK
REQUIRED TO LIFT THE LIQUID FROM THE
NET LIQUID LEVEL DEPTH TO THE
SURFACE DIVIDED BY THE AMOUNT OF
POWER SUPPLIED TO THE MOTOR
RESERVOIR PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS
MOTOR INPUT POWER MEASUREMENT
Motor Power and Electrical Cost Analysis
Cost $
Power
System Efficiency
PRESSURE TRANSIENT SURVEYS ANSWER THE
FOLLOWING WELL PERFORMANCE QUESTIONS:
1. What is the reservoir pressure?
2. What is the producing bottomhole pressure?
3. What is the liquid/gas annular flow after the
well is shut in?
4. Is there any wellbore damage? How much
Skin? What's the Permeability?
5. Does the formation need treatment?
6. Is the well fractured?
PRESSURE TRANSIENT - HORNER
Buildup Test: Bottom Hole Pressure vs. Time
Original
SBHP
estimate
Artificial Lift Analyst Function:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Goal is to answer the WELL PERFORMANCE
QUESTIONS
Time Requirement is about 45 minutes per well.
Analyze collected data at the well.
Make recommendations to fix any problems discovered.
Record work necessary to fix problem as notes in the
comments text box.
When recommended changes completed, new data
should be collected once the well stabilized
Notice if well performance changed as planned.
Follow-up on recommendations to learn from successes
and failures
Role changes from a data collector to a knowledgeable
well analyst and problem solver.
MODERN TOTAL WELL
MANAGEMENT OF ARTIFICIAL
LIFT WELLS PERMITS:
1. AN OPERATOR TO ANALYZE THE
PERFORMANCE OF WELLS
2. IMPROVE OPERATIONS
3. LESS TIME AND EFFORT EXPENDED
4. INCREASE OIL AND GAS
PRODUCTION
5. REDUCE THE OPERATING EXPENSE.
Questions ?