Matakuliah : G1174/Tourism Management and Planning
Tahun
: 2007
Tourism Supply
Pertemuan 5-6
Topics
• Map of Tourism Industry
• Supply chain management: Attraction, Amenities and Access
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Objectives
1.
2.
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To explain the supply chain in tourism industry
To describe the role of tourism supply in the tourism system
Tourism Supply
• Tourism is a composite of activities, services and industries that
deliver a travel experience.
• The players who provide activities, services and industries are
called as Tourism Supply.
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The Tourism
Phenomenon:
Component of
Tourism
Three A’s of
Tourism Supply
Attraction &
Activities
Access
Amenities
Destination
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Source: Goeldner & Ritchie (2003)
Origin area
A typical supply chain
Destination
The package
Transportation
Consumer
Purchase a
package
holiday
Accommodation
Trip to
Transfer to
Meals & drinks
destination
accommodation
Visitor on
holiday at
destination
Related services
Tourism industry
involment
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Source: Page (2007)
Tour operator Hotel,
Restaurant
Airlines, Cruise lines Bus
company
National parks, Beach
resort, etc.
Three A’s Tourism Supply
1.
2.
3.
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Attraction and Activities, including: Natural resources, Cultural resources, Manmade resources
Access, including:
• Infrastructure - all underground and surface construction
• Superstructure - facilities constructed primarily to support tourist activities
• Technology - it is shaping the nature of both tourism products and travel
experience,
• Information - the ability to assemble, interpret and utilise information in an
effective manner,
• Governance - the system surrounding tourism ie. legal, regulation, etc.
Amenities, including:
• Transportation – typify the movement of people in travel
• Accommodation – a place to stay
• F&B establishment – a place to be fed
• Tourism services – linking ‘experience suppliers’ and the tourist, etc.
Attraction and Activities
• A fundamental element of any tourists’ itinerary and it is the raison
d’etre for the visit.
• Consists of:
– Natural resource, naturally occuring and used by visitors as places to
consume tourism (eg. Beach, Mountain, etc.)
– Cultural attraction, people learn about each other’s way of life and tought
(eg. Tradition, Way of life, etc.)
– Man-made resources, emerged as response to the developng tourism market
in a local and ofter build upon the natural attraction (eg. Theme Park, Leisure
Centre, etc.)
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Accessibilities
• Infrastructure – all
underground and surface
construction
Basic things that has not been
put in place mainly to serve
tourism but have been put in
place to meet the needs of
residents.
• They are: water supply
systems, sewage disposal
systems, gas lines, electrical
lines, drainage systems, roads,
communication networks and
commercial facilities.
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• Superstructure – facilities
constructed primarily to
support visitation and tourist
activities
Facilities that have been
developed especially to
respond to the demand of
visitors.
• They are: Airports, railroads,
roads, drives, parking lots,
parks, marina & doc facilities,
bus and train stations, stores,
etc.
Amenities
• The operating sectors of the tourism industry represent
what many of the general public perceived as ‘tourism’.
• They are:
–
–
–
–
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Transportation
Accommodation
F&B establisment
Tourism services
Transportation
• “The means to reach the destination and also means of
movement at the destination”
• Transportation function:
– Movement from point to point
– Part of leisure (quality of journey)
• Types of transportation:
• Basic elements of travel transportation
 The way
 Carrying unit
 Terminal
 The motive power
The role of transport in tourist travel
Tourist leaves
home area
Transport link
Airport shuttle/taxi/public
transport/private car
Departure terminal
Trip to destination
Destination
terminal
Transfer to hotel
Hotel
Train journey
Bina NusantaraPage (2007)
Source:
Tour by coach
Car hire
Local cruise
Cycle hire
Accomodation
• Focal point of holiday and often packaged as part of an experience
of a place.
• Range of Accomodation
–
–
–
–
–
–
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Paying vs. Non-paying
Services vs. Non-serviced
Owned vs. Rented
Primary purposed vs. Secondary occupation
Static vs. Mobile
Short stay vs. Long stay
Types of Accomdation
•
•
•
•
Hotel (Inn or Lodge)
Motel (motor hotel)
Pondok Wisata
Bumi Perkemahan (Camping
Ground)
• Persinggahan (Homestay or
Dormitory)
• Karavan (Caravan)
• Losmen (Lodgement)
• Wisma atau Mess (Guest House)
• Pondok Remaja (Youth Hostel)
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•
•
•
•
Chalet & Mansion
Villa, bungalow dan cottage
Marina atau nautel
Kapal Pesiar (floating hotel
or floatel)
• Hotel Perahu (Boat Hotel or
Boatel)
• Flat (Holiday Flatlet),
Apartemen dan Kondominium
• Boutique hotel, design hotel
dan gallery hotel
Foods and Drinks
• Food and drink are among its most important impression of a destination.
• The feature of local dishes, ethnic atmosphere is part of the fun.
• There are types of F&B establishment:
1. Restaurant
– Formal & casual
– Fastfood & Dine-in
– Theme: Family, Seafood,
Vegetarian, Ethnic, etc.
2. Rumah Makan
3. Catering
4. Warung
5. Bistro
6. Pattiserie
7. Dinning car = restoration
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8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
Inns
Tavern
Coffee shop & Tea House
Bar & Pub
Club & Discotheque
Lounge
Café
Brasserie = café + restaurant
How tour operators link the elements of tourism supply?
SUPPLY
Transport
companies
Tourist services
Accommodation
provider
Packaging of elements
into a product by
a tour operator
INTERMEDIARIES
DEMAND
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Corporate direct
selling
• Internet
• Call centre
Virtual agency
through
online/teletext
Customer
Travel agents
Function of Tourism Services
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
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Travel information
Travel advisor = travel consultant
Mediato
Marketer
Negosiator
Risk taker
Scope of work of Tourism Services
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
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Preparing, selling and conducting tour package
Providing transportation services
Providing tickets reservation of land, sea and air transportation
Providing hotel voucher, meals, etc.
Providing travel documents
Providing travel guide services
Conducting MICE (with special permit)
Conducting pilgrimage (ONH umroh) (with special permit)
Conclusion
• The supply chain comprises the suppliers of all the goods and
services that go into the delivery of tourism products to consumers.
• It includes all suppliers of goods and services whether or not they
are directly contracted by tour operators or by their agents
(including ground handlers) or suppliers (including accommodation
providers).
• Tourism supply chains involve many components - not just
accommodation, transport and excursions, but also bars and
restaurants, handicrafts, food production, waste disposal, and the
infrastructure that supports tourism in destinations.
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