Biology Practice Final A
Name: ___________________
1) Which adjective does NOT apply to water? a) Bent b) Polar c) Organic d) Covalent
2) Which of the following is LEAST related to the water present in humans? a) Hair growth b) Food digestion c) Urine excretion d) Nutrient distribution
3) Which of the following BEST describes a dehydrolysis reaction? a) amino acids taking up excess hydrogen ions b) joining monosaccharides and removing water c) forming water by combining an acid and a base d) adding water to break a polypeptide into amino acids
4) Which of the following is NOT a polysacchraide? a) Starch b) Glycerol c) Cellulose d) Glycogen
5) Which of the following are found in plant cell walls and account for their strength? a) Cellulose b) Glycogen c) Cholesterol d) Phospholipid
6) Which of these molecules is most highly branched? a) Starch b) Maltose c) Glucose d) Glycogen
7) An alpha helix bent and folded into a 3D shape represents a a) primary structure b) secondary structure c) tertiary structure d) quaternary structure

8) Inhibitors that prevent ATP production in cells would MOST likely affect the a) ribosomes b) mitochondria c) Golgi apparatus d) rough endoplasmic reticulum
9) Which of the following BEST describes a function of the SER? a) Protein storage b) communication c) energy distribution d) intracellular transport
10) Lysosomes are produced by the a) nucleus b) cell membrane c) Golgi apparatus d) ER
11) Which of the organelles in the diagram synthesizes the subunits of ribosomes? a) W b) Y c) Z d) X
12) When secretory products are being transported to the cell membrane for export, they a) move through the ER b) diffuse freely through the cytoplasm c) are transported byy carrier molecules d) are enclosed in a vesicle
13)

14) DNA molecules from the cells of a tomato and those of a potato differ in their a) Types of sugar b) Number of strands c) Sequence of bases d) Order of phosphates
15) If a species contains 29% A in its DNA, what is the percentage of guanine it would contain? a) 29% b) 58% c) 42% d) 21%
16) What are the ribosomes composed of? a) rRNA and Protein b) mRNA, rRNA, and protein c) Two subunits each consisting of rRNA only d) Two subunits each consisting of several proteins only
17) The amino acids phenylanine, alanine, and lysine exist in a sequence in a particular protein. Which of the following DNA sequences would cause proline to substitute for alanine? a) AAA-GGG-TTT b) AAA-CGG-TTA c) AAA-CCG-TTT d) AAA-CCC-TTT
18) Which of these CANNOT be done by recombinant DNA? a) Changing a person’s genetics b) Developing hybrid species of food crops c) Producing clones for scientific investigations d) Mass producing molecules for medical treatments
19) Nucleic Acids are composed of chains of a) genes b) purines c) nucleotides d) pyrimidines
20) The two molecules resulting from the replication of DNA a) differ in terms of function only b) differ because one is old and one is new c) are the same in every regard unless a mutation has occurred d) differ because one contains ribose and one contains deoxyribose
21) The anticodon differs from the codon in that the anticodon a) contains thymine, but the codin contains uracil b) attaches to the ribosome, but the codon attaches to amino acids c) is a component of tRNA, where the codon is a componenet of mRNA d) stands for a particular amino acid, but the codon codes for nucleotide bases

22) Which of the following transportation mechanisms does NOT obey the laws of diffusion? a) Osmosis b) Diffusion c) Active transport d) Facilitated transport
23) The difference in solute concentration between two areas/regions is called a) hypotonic b) hypertonic c) absolute difference d) concentration gradient
24) Which of the following is an example of endocytosis? a) The effect of diffusion b) The activity of transport proteins c) The activity of secretory vesicles d) The formation of vesicles by the cell membrane
25) During this experiment, the water level on side A will a) lower due to the loss of water causing a decrease in its protein concentration b) lower due to the loss of water causing a increase in its protein concentration c) rise due to water moving to that side thus increasing its protein concentration d) rise due to water moving to that side thus decreasing its protein concentration
26) Which of the following processes would be the FIRST to be affected by the lack of oxygen in a cell a) Osmosis b) Diffusion c) Active transport d) Facilitated transport
27) Which of the following is TRUE about a metabolic pathway a) ATP is required at each step b) A final end product is never produced c) The same enzyme is used each step in the pathway d) the products become the next substrates

28) Which letter refers to the enzyme in this reaction? a) V b) W c) X d) Y
29) Consider the following statements and select the BEST order for an enzyme-catalyzed reaction a) 1, 4, 3, 2 b) 2, 1, 3, 4 c) 4, 1, 3, 2 d) 4, 2, 3, 1
30) A particular reaction that occurs in the mouth was proceeding in a test tube at 45 o C and at a pH of
2.5. Which of the following would likely cause the greatest INCREASE in the reaction rate? a) Raise the temperature and increase the pH b) Raise the temperature and decrease the pH c) lower the temperature and decrease the pH d) lower the temperature and increase the pH
31) At which step(s) in this reaction sequence are co-enzymes and co-factors the MOST involved? a) Step 1 b) Step 2 c) Step 3 d) Step 1 or 2, but not Step 3

32) The function of the gall bladder is to a) Store bile b) Synthesize lipids c) Produce enzymes d) Stimulate the release of pancreatic juice
33) Glucose is stored in the liver as a) Fat b) Starch c) Protein d) Glycogen
34) A function of the cardiac sphincter is to prevent movement of acid chyme from the a) esophagus to the mouth b) stomach to the esophagus c) duodenum to the stomach d) colon to the small intestines
35) The removal of a large section of the colon is likely to affect the a) Release of bile b) Digestion of fats c) Absorption of glucose d) Water balance in the body
36) If pancreatic juice was added to a chopped up deluxe hamburger and allowed to soak for 24 hours, which of the following would MOST likely be present? a) Fatty acids, polypeptides, glycerol and maltose b) Amino acids, glucose, and fatty acids c) Monosaccharides and polypeptides d) Nucleotides, glucose and amino acids
37) The presence of food in the trachea indicates a malfunctioning a) pharynx b) esophagus c) epiglottis d) cardiac sphincter
38) In which set of digestive organs does physical digestion occur? a) Mouth and Stomach b) Mouth and small intestine c) Stomach and small intestine d) Mouth, stomach and small intestine
39) The cardiac septum separates the a) Left and right atria b) Left and right ventricles c) Left atrium and left ventricle d) Right atrium and right ventricle

40) When the AV valves are opened and the blood is moving through them, a) Both the atria and ventricles are relaxing b) Both the atria and ventricles are contracting c) The atria are contracting and the ventricles are relaxing d) The atria are relaxing and the ventricles are contracting
41) Which of the following pairs are needed to fight infection? a) WBC and proteins b) Platelets and proteins c) RBC and WBC d) RBC and Platelets
42) Which blood vessels transport deoxygenated blood? a) Umbilical vein and pulmonary veins b) Umbilical vein and pulmonary arteries c) Umbilical arteries and pulmonary veins d) Umbilical arteries and pulmonary arteries
43) Which part of the heart controls the contraction of the atria? a) Purkinje fibres b) Semilunar valve c) SA node d) AV node
44) In which of the following vessels are glucose levels the LEAST variable? a) Renal artery b) Hepatic portal vein c) Hepatic vein d) Pulmonary vein
45) The medulla oblongata controls the breathing rate by monitoring the concentration of a) Oxygen b) Carbon dioxide c) Oxyhemoglobin d) carbaminohemoglobin
46) Which of the following sequences correctly describes the passage of air out the body? a) Pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchioles, alveoli, bronchi b) Pharynx, larynx, trachea , bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli c) Pharynx, trachea, bronchi, larynx, bronchioles, alveoli d) Alveoli , bronchioles, bronchi, trachea, larynx, Pharynx
47) Where does HBO
2
get converted to HHb? a) Liver cells b) Tissue capillaries c) Heart ventricles d) Lung capillaries

48) The transport process by which gases enter and leave the blood during internal and external respiration is a) osmosis b) diffusion c) facilitated transport d) active transport
49) The greatest production of bicarbonate ions occurs in the a) pulmonary vein b) systemic tissue capillaries c) lung alveoli d) aorta
50) Which of the following structures is found only in the central nervous system? a) The axon of an interneuron b) The axon of a motor neuron c) The dendrite of a sensory neuron d) The cell body of a sensory neuron.
51) Some external stimuli cause immediate responses through the use of a) many interneurons b) sensory neurons to the brain c) simplified pathways called reflex arcs d) rapid transmission along the spinal cord.
52) When the axon of neuron #2 is stimulated at point P and a nerve impulse is generated in both directions, this impulse can only be transmitted from a) neuron 2 to neuron 1 by the movement of ions b) neuron 2 to neuron 3 by the movement of ions c) neuron 2 to neuron 1 by the release of neurotransmitters d) neuron 2 to neuron 3 by the release of neurotransmitters.
53) Motor axons of the parasympathetic nervous system release a) Adrenalin b) Noradrenalin c) Acetylcholine d) acetylcholinesterase.

54) The autonomic nervous system includes the a) brain and spinal cord b) somatic nervous system c) cerebellum and the medulla oblongata d) sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions.
55) The sketch shows the neural pathway between the foot and the
brain. If damage occurs at location X, the person a) would no longer be able to feel pain or move the foot b) would still be able to move the foot and feel pain in it c) would be able to feel pain in the foot, but not be able to move it d) would be able to move the foot, but no longer be able to feel pain
in it.
55) Which of the following can be found in plasma and urine, but NOT in the glomerular filtrate? a) Urea b) Glucose c) Histamines d) Inorganic salts
56) Which of the following is a correct function of the peritubular capillary bed associated with a single nephron? a) Filtering of blood b) Reabsorption of nutrients c) Transport of blood to the liver d) Gathering wastes for excretion
57) Which of the following is a correct pathway of a glucose molecule passing through the kidney of a healthy person? a) Glomerulus – Bowman’s capsule – loop of Henle – proximal tubule b) Renal vein – glomerulus – afferent arteriole – peritubular capillaries c) Afferent arteriole – Bowman’s capsule – glomerulus – efferent arteriole d) Glomerulus – Bowman’s capsule – proximal tubule – peritubular capillaries
58) In which blood vessel of the kidney can the highest concentration of metabolic wastes found? a) Renal vein b) Renal artery c) Efferent arteriole d) Peritubular capillary bed
59) Increased blood volume would most likely result in a) increased aldosterone secretion and increased ADH secretion b) increased aldosterone secretion, but decreased ADH secretion c) decreased aldosterone secretion, but increased ADH secretion d) decreased aldosterone secretion and decreased ADH secretion.

60) Which of the following BEST describes how an ovum enters an oviduct once ovulation occurs? a) It swims b) Peristalsis c) It is drawn in the action of fimbriae and cilia d) It is propelled by the force of the bursting follicle
61) Spermatogensis and oogenesis differ in that a) the rate of spermatogenesis is much more variable than that of oogenesis b) spermatogenesis begins before birth and oogenesis begins at puberty c) estrogen promotes oogenesis and progesterone promotes spermatogeneis d) oogenesis produces one functional gamete where spermatogenesis produces more
62) The hormone MOST associated with childbirth is a) Estrogen b) Oxytocin c) Adrenalin d) progesterone
63) Which of the following produces testosterone? a) Sperm cells b) Hypothalamus c) Interstitial cells d) Anterior pituitary
64) The presence of HCG in a woman’s urine indicates that a) she has just ovulated b) menstruation is about to begin c) her levels of estrogen are decreasing d) implantation of an embryo has occurred
65) Ovulation is a process where a) sperm are ejected from the penis b) an egg is released from the ovary c) a zygote implants on the uterine wall d) an egg is produced and brought to maturity

66) Fill in the Blanks a) Lysosomes i) b) Mitochondria ii) c) Golgi apparatus iii) d) RER iv) e) SER v) f) Nucleus vi)

k) Amino Acid l) Nucleotide m) RNA g) Glucose h) Cellulose i) Saturated Fatty Acid j) Glycerol i) ii) iii) iv) v) vi) vii)

66) Name and describe one function of each of the structures indicated in the diagram below (7)
67) Examine the diagram below and complete the associated table (3)

68) a) Name the structures labelled V, X, Y and Z (2) b) What event is occurring at X? (1)
69) What happens at the distal convoluted tubule during the process of urine formation? (2)
70) Identify two differences between the fluid in A and C. (2)

71) Give 3 ways that the increased stimulation prepares the body to respond to emergency situations
(3)
.
72) Describe the difference between impulse transmission at X and Y. (4)
73) Describe the interaction of the medulla oblongata, diaphragm, muscles of the rib cage, pleural membranes and lungs during inhalation. (3)
74) Describe the pathway that blood would have to follow to get from the toes to the fingers. (3)

75) What is the circulatory significance of a baby’s first breath? (2)
76) Identify and explain ONE relationship between fibrinogen and blood clotting (2)
77) Use the following diagram of a capillary bed in brain tissue to answer the following question:
Contrast the events that occur at position 2 with the events occurring at position 3 (2)
78) The pancreas in known as an endocrine gland and an exocrine gland, Explain the difference. (2)
79) Describe TWO ways that the small intestine is well specialized for digestion (2)

80) Describe two ways in which the rate of production of product F can be increased. (2 marks)
81) Describe the effect of decreasing the solute concentration in a cell’s environment. (2 marks)
82) What are the three types of RNA and what are their specific functions? (3 marks)
83) The following DNA strand will be used to make a particular enzyme. Use your Genetic Code sheet to determine the amino acids attached to each tRNA molecule. (3 marks)
TAC - ACG – GGG – CGT – TTG – ATT DNA: mRNA: tRNA: amino acid:

84) An experiment designed to measure the effect of pH on enzyme activity was conducted using the following steps: i) An equal volume of hydrogen peroxide (H
2
O
2
) was added to 8 numbered test tubes at 20 o C ii) The contents of each test tube were maintained at a different pH iii) An equal mass of liver was added to each test tube
Liver contains the enzyme catalase, which catalyzes the following reaction
2H
2
O
2
+ CATALASE 2H
2
O + O
2
The time required to collect 10 mL of oxygen gas (O
2
) from each test tube was measured and recorded as shown in the table below. a) Draw and label a graph that compares the time to collect 10 mL of O
2
produces to the pH of the solution. (3) b) Use your graph to estimate the time it would take to collect 10 mL of O
2
at a pH of 6.5 (1) c) Explain what causes the results observed between pH 8 and pH 12 (1)

85) Explain the following process. (2)
86) State ONE way in which the following pairs of cell structures function together. (1 each) a) ribosomes and lysomsomes c) nucleus and ribosomes
87) Contrast each of the following in ONE way. (1 each) a) SER vs RER a) vesicle vs lysosome
88) Describe water’s role in the processes of dissolving and transporting a salt. (3)

89) Metabolism is a combination of synthesis and hydrolysis reactions. Using molecules of your choice, explain the relationship between these two processes. (3)
90) Identify the unit molecule for three of the four major macromolecules. (3)

Genetic Code