Atlas Florae Europaeae –
mapping European vascular plants
with 50 x 50 km grid
Pertti Uotila & Raino Lampinen
Botanical Museum, Finnish Museum of Natural History
University of Helsinki
P. O. Box 7
FIN-00014 University of Helsinki
Pertti.Uotila@helsinki.fi
Raino.Lampinen@helsinki.fi
RATIONALE OF THE ATLAS FLORAE EUROPAEAE
(AFE)
• Project began in 1965 to complete the territory level distribution
data of Flora Europaea, the first volume of which was published
in 1964.
• AFE produces grid maps of the distribution of European
vascular plants (grid cells mostly 50 x 50 km).
• So far 3270 maps in 12 printed volumes (1972 - 1999), covering
c. 20% of all European vascular plants.
• Collaborators throughout Europe; secretariat editing the data in
Helsinki.
• Data from all European countries collected on paper and maps
produced manually in vols. 1 - 12.
• Currently data collected manually and digitally (special software
for data recording distributed to the collaborators); data inserted
into a database in Helsinki; maps now produced digitally.
• Data from scanned printed maps recently extracted by custom
software into an Oracle database.
DATA ENTRY WITH THE AFE DATA EDITOR
The European range of Alyssum alyssoides. Old grid system.
-36°
-30°
-24°
-18°
-12°
9°
21°
21°
33°
18°
33°
24°
30°
42°
48°
54°
60°
66°
72°
78°
36°
64°
56°
56°
48°
-30°
40°
48°
40°
40°
? ?
32°
-6°
0°
6°
12°
18°
24°
30°
36°
42°
?
2579
7
18
3
2
48°
The European distribution of Fragaria vesca, using the new grid
system. Projection: Lambert conformal conic, central meridian
24° E, standard parallels 42° and 56° N.
WHY A GRID?
• Simple concept, relatively easy map production (limited number
of localities); in contrast to point data the large grid cell size
partly hides the uneven knowledge.
• When the project started grid mapping had by then become
common in floristic mapping, and the Atlas of the British Flora
(1962; 10 x 10 km maps) was a fresh model; computers and
databases were not available — all work was done on paper.
• UTM projection and the Military Grid Reference System (MGRS)
were chosen as they covered the whole of Europe, and maps
showing the MGRS grid were available for the whole continent.
• 1: 1 000 000 maps showing the grid cells boundaries were
distributed to each country.
• The AFE grid was adopted by other several faunistic European
mapping projects — but all of these did this in a different way!
• The grid system was recently changed in order to unify the
mapping of plants and animals (amphibians, reptiles, birds,
mammals, ...), and in order to decrease the great number of
deviations from the general grid pattern in AFE. The old AFE
data has been converted into the new grid system.
• Transverse
UNIVERSAL TRANSVERSE
MERCATOR (UTM) ZONES
Mercator projection
(Gauss-Krüger type)
19 6°
• 60 longitudinal zones, each
degree wide
20
• Longitude of Origin: Central
meridian (CM) of each projection
21
zone (3°, 9°, 15°, ..., 171°, 177°,
E and W)
22
• Latitude of Origin: 0° (the
Equator).
23
• Unit: meter
24
• False Northing: 0 meters at the
Equator for the Northern
25
Hemisphere; 10,000,000 meters
26
at the Equator for the Southern
Hemisphere.
27
• False Easting: 500,000 meters
28
at the CM of each zone.
29
• Scale Factor at the Central
30
31
Meridian: 0.9996.
•Latitude Limits of System: From
80°S to 84°N.
•Limits of Projection Zones: The
zones are bounded by meridians,
the longitudes of which are
multiples of 6° east and west of
the prime meridian.
42
41
40
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
Q
THE MILITARY GRID REFERENCE
SYSTEM (MGRS)
Beginning at 80°
18X
19X
50X
18W
south and
20X
49X
18V
21X
19W
48X
18U
5
22X
proceeding
47X
19V
20W
23X
46X
49
24X
45X
northward, twenty 19U
21W
25X
20V
44X
48W
26X
43X
19T
22W
27X
42X
47W
bands are lettered
C 20U
28X
41X
21V
29X
40X
23W
30X
39X
46W
31X
33X 35X 37X38X
20T
24W
through X, omitting
I 21U
22V
45W
25W
44W
23V
and O. These bands
26W
43W
22U
21T
27W
24V
42W
are all 8°21Swide
28W
41W
23U
29W
25V
40W
22T
44V
30W
39W
31W
except for band X
38W
26V
32W 33W
37W
24U
43V
34W 35W 36W
21R
27V
23T
22S wide
42V
which is 12°
25U
28V
41V
29V
40V
24T
(between
72-84
N).
26U
30V
22R
23S
39V
31V
There 23R
are special
24S
UTM zones between
25S
23Q
0 degrees24Rand 36
26S
degrees longitude
25R
24Q
above 72 degrees
26R
latitude25Qand a
27R
special zone 32
between 5626Qdegrees
and 64 degrees 27Q
north latitude.
28Q
27U
25T
32V
33V
34V
35V
37V
36V
38V
42U
28U
26T
41U
29U
40U
30U
27T
31U
39U
32U
33U
28T
34U
35U
38U
37U
36U
4
29T
40T
30T
27S
39T
31T
32T
28S
33T
34T
35T
36T
38T
37T
29S
40
30S
39S
31S
28R
32S
38S
33S
29R
34S
35S
36S
37S
30R
39R
31R
38R
32R
29Q
33R
34R
35R
36R
37R
MGRS 100 x 100 km SQUARE IDENTIFICATION
The grid cell names of AFE are derived from the MGRS 100 x 100 km squares.
For instance, square 35VMH is split into 35VMH1, 35VMH2, 35VMH3 and
35VMH4 — 1 for NW, 2 for SW, 3 for NE and 4 for SE quadrant.
MAJOR CHARACTERISTICS - OLD AFE GRID
• 4419 grid cells with land in Europe (latest version); does not
cover marine areas.
• Cell size: mostly 50 x 50 km, with special adjustments at the
UTM zone boundaries.
• Cell boundaries: 50 km UTM-lines and MGRS zone boundaries.
Treatment of partial cells at the UTM zone boundaries: 10 - 20 30 - 40 km rule.
• Lots of deviations from the general pattern (coastal grid cells
with little land joined to neighbouring cells; long peninsulas,
certain isolated islands, some mountains and Istanbul given
their own grid cells).
• Several minor (coastal areas) or (Greece, Svalbard) major
changes in the old grid system throughout the years (1968,
1972, 1977 and 1993 different basemap versions).
• Cell names based on quadrants of the MGRS 100 x 100 km
squares.
• Geodetic datum: not specified?
The MGRS 50 km lines
TREATMENT OF PARTIAL CELLS AT THE UTM
ZONE BOUNDARY IN THE OLD AFE GRID
•RED: Southern edge more than 40 km => independent cell
•PURPLE: Southern edge 30 - 40 km => The edge outwards
of the zone extended to the next full 10-km UTM easting.
•GREY: Southern edge 20 – 30 km long => The quadrant
merged with a similar partial cell on the other side of the
MGRS zone boundary.
•PALE BLUE: Southern edge 10 – 20 km long => The partial
cell joined to the adjacent standard one. In cases where this
would result in squares wider than 60 km, the width of the
adjacent standard square is adjusted by narrowing its
western or eastern edge to the next full 10-km UTM easting.
•YELLOW: Southern edge <10 km long => The partial cell
joined to the adjacent cell without reducing its width by 10
kilometres.
AFE old grid, general pattern
MAJOR CHARACTERISTICS - NEW AFE (CGRS) GRID
• 4748 grid cells with land in Europe; covers marine areas (the
grid calculated for 35629 cells in the MGRS zones 24 to 44
(from 42°W to 84°E) in the northern hemisphere (from the
equator to northing of 9.350.000 metres). Can be extended.
• Cell size: mostly 50 x 50 km, with adjustments at the UTM zone
boundaries.
• Cell boundaries: 50 km UTM-lines and MGRS zone boundaries.
Extends over terrestrial and marine areas following a certain
pattern, without any deviations for coasts, islands, peninsulas,
mountains, towns etc. Special solutions in the North Sea and at
the boundary of MGRS bands W and X. Treatment of partial
cells at the UTM zone boundaries: 1/3 - 2/3 rule.
• Cell names based on quadrants of the MGRS 100 x 100 km
squares.
• Geodetic datum: WGS84.
THE PATTERN OF
TREATING THE
PARTIAL CELLS IN THE
NEW GRID
• PALE BLUE: If the width
at the S edge of the partial
cell is < 16.7 km => joined
to the adjacent cell in the
same UTM zone
• YELLOW: If the width is
between 16.7 and 33.3 km
=> merged with a similar
partial cell on the other side
of the UTM zone boundary
• GREEN, RED: If the width
is > 33.3 km => treated as
an independent cell
32T PT 4 32T QT 2 33T UN2 33T UN4 33T VN2 33T VN4 33T W N233T W N4 33T XN2 33T XN4 33T YN2 34T CT 2
31TGM 132T LS1 32T LS3
MS1 32T MS3
32T NS1 32T NS3
No active32T
Legend.
32T PS1
31TGM 232T LS2
31TGL1
32T KR332T LR1
31TGL2
32T KR432T LR2
32T KQ332T LQ1
32T KQ432T LQ2
32T KP332T LP1
32T KP4 32T LP2
32T KN3 32T LN1
32T KN4 32T LN2
34T ES1 34T ES3
34T DS1 34T DS3
32T PS3 32T QS1 33T UM1 33T UM3 33T VM1 33T VM3 33T W M1 33T W M3 33T XM1 33T XM3 33T YM1 34T CS1 34T CS3
32T LS4 32T MS2
32T MS4 32T NS2
34T ES2 34T ES4
32T NS4 32T PS2
34T DS2 34T DS4
32T PS4 32T QS2 33T UM2 33T UM4 33T VM2 33T VM4 33T W M2 33T W M4 33T XM2 33T XM4 33T YM2 34T CS2 34T CS4
32T LR3 32T MR1
34T ER3
32T MR3 32T NR1
34T DR3 34T ER1
32T NR3 32T PR1
34T CR3 34T DR1
32T PR332T QR1
34T BR334T CR1
33T T L333T UL1 33T UL3 33T VL1 33T VL3 33T W L1 33T W L3 33T XL1 33T XL333T YL1
32T LR4 32T MR2
34T ER4
32T MR4 32T NR2
34T DR4 34T ER2
32T NR4 32T PR2
34T CR4 34T DR2
32T PR432T QR2
34T BR434T CR2
33T T L433T UL2 33T UL4 33T VL2 33T VL4 33T W L2 33T W L4 33T XL2 33T XL433T YL2
32T LQ3 32T MQ1
34T EQ3
32T MQ3 32T NQ1
34T DQ3 34T EQ1
32T NQ3 32T PQ1
34T CQ3 34T DQ1
32T PQ332T QQ1
34T BQ334T CQ1
33T T K333T UK1 33T UK3 33T VK1 33T VK3 33T W K1 33T W K3 33T XK1 33T XK333T YK1
32T LQ4 32T MQ2
34T EQ4
32T MQ4 32T NQ2
34T DQ4 34T EQ2
32T NQ4 32T PQ2
34T CQ4 34T DQ2
32T PQ432T QQ233T T K433T UK2 33T UK4 33T VK2 33T VK4 33T W K2 33T W K4 33T XK2 33T XK433T YK2
34T BQ434T CQ2
32T LP3 32T MP1
32T MP3 32T NP1
34T EP1 34T EP3
32T NP3 32T PP1
34T DP1 34T DP3
32T PP332T QP133T T J333T UJ1 33T UJ3 33T VJ1 33T VJ3 33T W J1 33T W J3 33T XJ1 33T XJ3 33T YJ134T BP334T CP1 34T CP3
32T
32T
34T
34T
33T
33T
32T LP4 32T MP2
32T MP4 32T NP2
34T EP2 34T EP4
32T NP4 32T PP2
34T DP2 34T DP4
32T PP432T QP233T T J4 33T UJ2 33T UJ4 33T VJ2 33T VJ4 33T W J2 33T W J4 33T XJ2 33T XJ4 33T YJ234T BP434T CP2 34T CP4
32T LN3 32T MN1
32T MN3 32T NN1
34T EN1 34T EN3
32T NN3 32T PN1
34T DN1 34T DN3
32T PN332T QN133T T H3 33T UH1 33T UH3 33T VH1 33T VH3 33T W H1 33T W H3 33T XH1 33T XH3 33T YH134T BN3 34T CN1 34T CN3
32T LN4 32T MN2
32T MN4 32T NN2
34T EN2 34T EN4
32T NN4 32T PN2
34T DN2 34T DN4
32T PN4 32T QN2 33T T H4 33T UH2 33T UH4 33T VH2 33T VH4 33T W H2 33T W H4 33T XH2 33T XH4 33T YH234T BN4 34T CN2 34T CN4
32T KM3 32T LM1
32T LM3 32T MM1
32T MM3 32T NM1
32T NM3 32T PM1
32T PM3 32T QM1 33T T G3 33T UG1 33T UG3 33T VG1 33T VG3 33T W G1 33T W G3 33T XG1
32T KM4 32T LM2
32T LM4 32T MM2
32T MM4 32T NM2
32T NM4 32T PM2
32T PM4 32T QM2 33T T G4 33T UG2 33T UG4 33T VG2 33T VG4 33T W G2 33T W G4 33T XG2
32T KL3 32T LL1
32T LL3 32T ML1
32T ML3 32T NL1
32T NL3 32T PL1
32T PL3 32T QL1 33T T F3 33T UF1 33T UF3 33T VF1 33T VF3 33T W F1 33T W F3 33T XF1
32T KL4 32T LL2
32T LL4 32T ML2
32T ML4 32T NL2
32T NL4 32T PL2
32T PL4 32T QL2 33T T F4 33T UF2 33T UF4 33T VF2 33T VF4 33T W F2 33T W F4 33T XF2
33T XG3 33T YG1 34T BM3 34T CM1
33T XG4 33T YG2 34T BM4 34T CM2
34T EM3
34T DM3 34T EM1
34T CM3 34T DM1
34T EM4
34T DM4 34T EM2
34T CM4 34T DM2
34T EL3
34T DL3 34T EL1
34T CL3 34T DL1
33T XF3 33T YF1 34T BL3 34T CL1
34T EL4
34T DL4 34T EL2
34T CL4 34T DL2
33T XF4 33T YF2 34T BL4 34T CL2
32T KK3 32T LK1
32T LK3 32T MK1
32T MK3 32T NK1
34T EK1 34T EK3
32T NK3 32T PK1
34T DK1 34T DK3
32T PK3 32T QK1 33T T E3 33T UE1 33T UE3 33T VE1 33T VE3 33T W E133T W E3 33T XE1 33T XE3 33T YE1 34T BK3 34T CK1 34T CK3
32SKK4 32SLK2
32SLK4 32SMK2
32SMK4 32SNK2
34SEK2 34SEK4
32SNK4 32SPK2
34SDK2 34SDK4
32SPK4 32SQK2 33ST E4 33SUE2 33SUE4 33SVE2 33SVE4 33SW E233SW E4 33SXE2 33SXE4 33SYE2 34SBK4 34SCK2 34SCK4
32SKJ3 32SLJ1
32SLJ3 32SMJ1
32SMJ3 32SNJ1
32SNJ3 32SPJ1
32SPJ3 32SQJ1
33ST D3 33SUD1 33SUD3 33SVD1 33SVD3 33SW D1 33SW D3 33SXD1 33SXD3 33SYD1
34SEJ3
34SDJ3 34SEJ1
34SCJ3 34SDJ1
34SBJ3 34SCJ1
32SKJ4 32SLJ2
32SLJ4 32SMJ2
32SMJ4 32SNJ2
32SNJ4 32SPJ2
32SPJ4 32SQJ2
33ST D4 33SUD2 33SUD4 33SVD2 33SVD4 33SW D2 33SW D4 33SXD2 33SXD4 33SYD2
34SEJ4
34SDJ4 34SEJ2
34SCJ4 34SDJ2
34SBJ4 34SCJ2
32SLH1 32SLH3
32SMH1 32SMH3
32SNH1 32SNH3
32SPH1 32SPH3
32SQH1
33ST C3 33SUC1 33SUC3 33SVC1 33SVC3 33SW C1 33SW C3 33SXC1 33SXC3 33SYC1
34SEH3
34SDH3 34SEH1
34SCH3 34SDH1
34SBH3 34SCH1
32SLH2 32SLH4
32SMH2 32SMH4
32SNH2 32SNH4
32SPH2 32SPH4
32SQH2
33ST C4 33SUC2 33SUC4 33SVC2 33SVC4 33SW C2 33SW C4 33SXC2 33SXC4 33SYC2
34SEH4
34SDH4 34SEH2
34SCH4 34SDH2
34SBH4 34SCH2
32SLG1 32SLG3
32SMG1 32SMG3
32SNG1 32SNG3
32SPG1 32SPG3
32SQG1
33ST B3 33SUB1 33SUB3 33SVB1 33SVB3 33SW B1 33SW B3 33SXB1 33SXB3 33SYB1
34SEG3
34SDG3 34SEG1
34SCG3 34SDG1
34SBG3 34SCG1
32SLG2 32SLG4
32SMG2 32SMG4
34SEG4
32SNG2 32SNG4
34SDG4 34SEG2
32SPG2 32SPG4
34SCG4 34SDG2
32SQG232SQG433ST B4 33SUB2 33SUB4 33SVB2 33SVB4 33SW B2 33SW B4 33SXB2 33SXB4 33SYB233SYB434SBG4 34SCG2
32SLF1 32SLF3
32SMF1 32SMF3
34SEF3
32SNF1 32SNF3
34SDF3 34SEF1
32SPF1 32SPF3
34SCF3 34SDF1
32SQF132SQF333ST A3 33SUA1 33SUA3 33SVA1 33SVA3 33SW A133SW A3 33SXA1 33SXA3 33SYA133SYA334SBF3 34SCF1
32SLF2 32SLF4
32SMF2 32SMF4
32SNF2
34SEF4
34SDF4 34SEF2
THE NEW
GRID — THE
W/X
DEVIATIONS
The northernmost grid
cells of the MGRS
zones 32, 34 and 36
(S margin at
7.950.000 metres
north) are cut in the
north so that they end
at the 8.000.000 m
line of the zones 31,
33, 35 or 37. This
concerns four cells in
each of these three
zones. The
southernmost cells in
band X are thus 50 km
"high".
30WWS2
THE NEW GRID THE NORTH SEA
30VVR3
30VWR1
30VVR4
30VVQ3
30WWS4
30VWR2
30VWQ1
30VWR3
30VWR4
30WXS2
30VXR1
Three cells of band 31W
(31WEM2, 31WEM4,
31WFM2) are continued
down to the 7.100.000 m
line of zone 32. The
northernmost 32V cells
(32VKR1, 32VKR3, 32VLR1,
32VLR2) are 50 km "high".
30VVQ4
30VWQ2
30VWP1
30VVP4
30VWP2
32VMR1
32VMR3
32VNR1
32VNR3
32VPR1
32VKR2
32VKR4
32VLR2
32VLR4
32VMR2
32VMR4
32VNR2
32VNR4
32VPR2
32VKQ1
32VKQ3
32VLQ1
32VLQ3
32VMQ1
32VMQ3
32VNQ1
32VNQ3
32VPQ1
32VKQ2
32VKQ4
32VLQ2
32VLQ4
32VMQ2
32VMQ4
32VNQ2
32VNQ4
32VPQ2
32VKP1
32VKP3
32VLP1
32VLP3
32VMP1
32VMP3
32VNP1
32VNP3
32VPP1
32VKP2
32VKP4
32VLP2
32VLP4
32VMP2
32VMP4
32VNP2
32VNP4
32VPP2
32VKN1
32VKN3
32VLN1
32VLN3
32VMN1
32VMN3
32VNN1
32VNN3
32VPN1
32VKN2
32VKN4
32VLN2
32VLN4
32VMN2
32VMN4
32VNN2
32VNN4
32VPN
32VJM3 32VKM1
32VKM3
32VLM1
32VLM3
32VMM1
32VMM3
32VNM1
32VNM3
32VPM1
32VJM4 32VKM2
32VKM4
32VLM2
32VLM4
32VMM2
32VMM4
32VNM2
32VNM4
32VPM2
32VJL3
32VKL1
32VKL3
32VLL1
32VLL3
32VML1
32VML3
32VNL1
32VNL3
32VPL1
32VJL4
32VKL2
32VKL4
32VLL2
32VLL4
32VML2
32VML4
32VNL2
32VNL4
32VPL2
32VJK3
32VKK1
32VKK3
32VLK1
32VLK3
32VMK1
32VMK3
32VNK1
32VNK3
32VPK1
32VJK4
32VKK2
32VKK4
32VLK2
32VLK4
32VMK2
32VMK4
32VNK2
32VNK4
32VPK2
32VJJ3
32VKJ1
32VKJ3
32VLJ1
32VLJ3
32VMJ1
32VMJ3
32VNJ1
32VNJ3
32VPJ1
32VJJ4
32VKJ2
32VKJ4
32VLJ2
32VLJ4
32VMJ2
32VMJ4
32VNJ2
32VNJ4
32VPJ2
32VJH3
32VKH1
32VKH3
32VLH1
32VLH3
32VMH1
32VMH3
32VNH1
32VNH3
32VPH1
32VJH4
32VKH2
32VKH4
32VLH2
32VLH4
32VMH2
32VMH4
32VNH2
32VNH4
32VPH2
31UFB1 31UFB3 32ULG1 32ULG3
32UMG1
32UMG3
32UNG1
32UNG3
32UPG1
31UFB2 31UFB4
32ULG2 32ULG4
32UMG2
32UMG4
32UNG2
32UNG4
32UPG2
31VDL4
31VDJ3
30VWP4
31VDJ2
31VDJ4
30VWN3
31VCH3
31VDH1
31VDH3
30VWN4
30VXN2
30VWM3
30VXM1
30VWM4
30VWL3
30VXL1
30VWL4
30VXL2
30VWK3
30VWK4
30VXM2
30VXK1
30VXK2
30VWJ3
30UWH4
30UWG3
30UWG4
30UWF3
30VXM3 31VCG3
30VXL3
30VXL4
30VXK3
30VXK4
31VDG1
31VCE3
31VCE4
31VDG3
31VDG2
31VCF3
31VCF4
31VDH4
31VDG4
31VDF1
31VDF2
31VDE1
31VDE2
31VDF3
31VDF4
31VDE3
31VDE4
30VXJ1
31VCD3
31VDD1
31VDD3
30VXJ2
30VXJ4
30VWH3
31VDH2
30VXM4 31VCG4
30VXJ3
30VWJ4
31VCH4
30VXH1
30UXH2
30UXG1
31VCD4
30VXH331VCC1
31VCC3
30UXH431VCC2
30UXG3
31VCC4
31UCB1 31UCB3
31VDD2
31VDC1
31VDC2
31UDB1
31VDD4
31VDC3
31VDC4
31UDB3
31UEB1
30UXG2
30UXF1
30UXG4
31UCB2 31UCB4
31UDB2
3
31VDK4
31VDJ1
31VCJ4
3
31VDK3
31VDK2
31VCJ3
3
32VLR3
31VDK1
31VCK4
33
32VLR1
30VWP3
30VXN1
32W NS4 32W PS2
32VKR3
30VWQ4
30VXP2
31W EM2 31W EM4 31W FM2 32W LS4 32W MS2 32W MS4 32W NS2
32VKR1
31VDL2
31VCK3
30VXP1
32W NS3 32W PS1
31VDL3
30VWQ3
30VXQ2
30VVP3
31VDL1
31VCL4
30VXQ1
Between 3 and 6 degrees E
the cells in band 32 extend
south to 6.200.000 m and
north to 7.100.000 m lines of
zone 32. Thus four cells in
31U are shrink in the north
by that line (31UEB1,
31UEB3, 31UFB1, 31UFB3),
and the southernmost grid
cells of 32 belong to band U.
31VCL3
30VXR2
33
31W FM1 32W LS3 32W MS1 32W MS3 32W NS1
31W CM4 31W DM2
31W DM4
31UDB4
31UEB2
31UEB3
31UEB4
CONVERSION BETWEEN THE OLD AND NEW AFE GRIDS
TYPE
CELLS
RECORDS
Old and new cells
identical, except for the
geodetic datum
 3404 (77.0 %) old
cells
 537722 converted
records (69.7 %)
Old cell splits into two or
more new cells
 620 (14.0 %) old
cells => 1296 new
grid cells
 2 x 5 cells; 14 x 4
cells; 22 x 3 cells;
582 x 2 cells
 185399 converted
records (24.0%)
Land area of the old cell
fully within a new cell,
except for the geodetic
datum
 374 (8.5%) old
cells
 46646 converted
records (6.0 %)
Land area of the old cell
fully within a new cell
 21 (0.5%) old cells
 1847 converted
records (0.2 %)
34SFH4
34SFH4
34SFG3
34SFG3
34SFG4
34SFG4
34SFF3
34SFF3
34SFF4
34SGH2
35SNC2
34SGG4
35SKB4
34SGF3
35SKA3
34SGF4
35SLA1
35SLA1
35SKA1
34SGF1
35SLB2
35SLB2
35SKB2
34SGG2
35SLB3
35SMB1
35SMB3
35SNB1
35SLB1
35SKB1
34SGG1
34SGF2
35SLB1
35SKB3
34SGG1
34SGF1
35SLC4
35SMC4
35SKC2
34SGH2
34SGG2
35SLC2
35SKC4
35SMC2
35SKA4
35SLA2
35SLA2
35SLB4
35SMB2
35SMB4
35SNB2
35SLB4
35SLA3
35SLA3
35SLA4
35SLA4
35SMA1
35SMA3
35SNA
35SMA1
35SMA2
35SMA2
35SMA4
35SN
35SMA4
34SFF4
34SFE3
34SGE1
34SGE1
34SGE3
35SKV3
35SLV1
35SLV3
35SMV1
35SMV1
35SMV3
35SMV3
35S
35S
Aderevy
No active Legend.
Yesenniki
Fomkina
Tomeino
Alol'
Kitovo
Borisenki
Dubrovka
Al'khimovo
Pimashkovo
Gayevo
Kopylok
Rechki
Agafonova
Runovo
Aprosovo
Alushko
Ale
Il'ichina
Rykshchino
Mukhino
Izrakino
Il'ino
Golostenovo
Ilovets
Bridino
Ogorodtsy
Belyayevo
Gal'yanovo
Bubnova
Apekalova Denisovka
Babkina
Koryakino
Mishino
Platichno
Filiptsevo
Klevtsova
Velikiye Luki
Bykovo
Staraya Toropa
Zhizhitsa
Kunya
Bukrovo
KudelinoSysoykovo
Novosokolniki
Majevo
Soino
Pustoshka
Malakhovo
Gorushki
Isakovo
Gruzdovo
Kozino
Ravon'
Sebez
Berëzno Kolpino Kontsy
Kn'azevo
Groshevo
Babino
Anichkovskiye
Derishino
Kraslivitsy
Dedushkino
Luzhki
Alekseyevskoye
Gul'tyai
Bentsy
Lugi
Rudnya
Plaksina
Anino
Chichachevo
Trëkhalëvo
Staritsy
Ploshcha
Bubeno Arestovo
Anninskoye
Martjanovo Mulina
Chernetsovo
Glembochino
Chernukha
Brikova
Boyarinovo
Petukhi
Zhury
Ustdolyssy
Baykino Shalakhovo
Bol'shoye Krupovo
Porechye
Agryzkovo
Nesterovo
Karatay
Krasikovo
Borok
Avchinnikovo
Maloye Ovchino
Magorevo
Olenitsa
Petrovo
Grablino
Karotyshevo
Borovno
Nevel Dëgtevo
Morozova Somino
Dolostsy
Barbarovo
Navinko
Antushovo
Minin Stan
Borisogleb
Moseyevo
Lisna
Llino
Klinovo
Khodënovo
Al'fimkovo
Kanat
Kareponovo
Kodotkovo
Vashchenichino
Kharitonovo
Gornevo
Golyashi
Mylinki
Rat'kovo
Khmelishche Baranovo
Minyakovo Knyazhoye
Dubotskoye
Antonovo
Gerasimovo
Milovidy
Buslova
Bakanovo
Berëzovka
Stanislavovo
Chervona Luka
Alekseyevka
Korolëvshchina
Klyastitsy
Morzhino
Curilovo
Kirzhavy
Morachkovo
Pennoye Dëgti
Kamysy
Bol'shoye Pakotino
Bukhor'
Yermoshino Drozdovka
Belaya Bolotnitsa
Krasnopolya
Ol'khovtsy
Selyavshchina
Batagi Nivy
Barsuki Lisichino
Balbeki
Usvyaty
Kalyutino Pervoye
Belodedova
Dor
Zemtsovo
Barashenki
Dozdy
Maklok
Bulygi
Tarasovo
Zales'ye Gorki
Demchënki
Chukhilina
Andreyenki
Goncharovo
Selezni
Aryutenki
Remni
Dretun
Alekseyevo
Neverova
Zabolot'ye
Frolovo
Gorki
Yanovo
Shmyri
Zhukovshchina
KholmyVelizh Buyanovo
Arleya
Malashenki
Beloye
Chepli Kharshava
Myamli
Drozdy
Chërnaya Luzha
Karpeki
Bulavki
Baklanovo
Zabor'ye
Boldyshi
Bol'shiye Zamosty Novo-Aleksandrovskaya
Disna
Kozyani
Novyy Boletsk
Belyany
Novopolock
Vystavka
Sen'kovo
Domniki
Ratskoviny
Polotsk
Gorodok
Baytserovo
Antonopol'
Chernoruch'ye
Zaborje
Belikovo
Vorob'i
Bol'shoy Rassolay
BulinaGrishaki
Surazh
Gorovyye
Skomarosh'ye
Bel'chitsa
Bol'shoye Aretovo
Vetrino
CheshiBarki
Sirotino
Svistovichi
Dolzha
Goryane
Belyanki
Balyki
Borok
Dolgaya Niva
Ferma
Belaya
Ponizovje Andreyeva Demidov
Janovici
Khotivichi
Gralëva
Dvorishche Borovtsy
Antunova
Gubniki
Bojarochtschina
Bakshi Manikhi
Prozoroki
Bor
Borok
Kovali
Dubrovka
Berezenets
Akatova
Ulla
Podlazniki Vitebsk
Klyarinovo
Dedënki
Krasnaya
Ambrosovichi
Fokina
Zamshino
Baksheyeva
Babotki Zicicy
Bela
Ushachi
Chachina
Kublichi
Kartashëvichi
Galli
Apol'ye
Selyuty
Sharylin
Gora
Arguny
Bol'shaya Loyna
Matushëvo Gorezly
Chernogost'ye
Butezhi
Zhary
Slobodka
Kozintsy
Liozno
Kasplya
Beshenkovichi
Babni
Boboviki
Batalino
Belyy Bor
Kamen
Bocejkovo
Voron'
Rudnya
Bol'shoye
Ramshino
Soino
Kiseli
Gonchary
Selo
Borkuny
Pyshno
Tur
Podvoritsa
Bol'shiye Kalinovichi
Bol'shaya Vedren'
Lepel
Zasitino
Bel'kino
35VNC4
35UNB3
35UNB4
Idritsa
35VPC2

35UPB1

35UPB2

35VPC4
35UPB3
35UPB4
36VUH2

36UUG1
36VUH4

36UUG2

36UUG3
36UUG4
AN EXAMPLE OF CELL BOUNDARY CHANGES
36UUF3
35UNA3
36UUF1 green shading the
Red lines
show the new
grid cell boundaries,
35UPA1
35UPA3
areas where the boundary has changed.
36VVH2
36UVG1
36UVG2
36UVF1
34VEP2
34VEP4
34VFP2
35VNH1
35VMH3
35VMH1
34VEN1
34VEN1
34VEN3
34VEN3
35VLH3
34VFN1
35VNH1
35VMH3
35VMH1
35VLH1
34VFN1
35VNH2
35VMH4
35VMH2
34VEN2
34VEN2
34VEN4
34VEN4
35VLH4
34VFN2
35VNH2
35VMH4
35VMH2
35VLH2
34VFN2
35VNG1
35VMG3
35VMG1
34VEM1
34VEM1
34VEM3
34VEM3
34VFM1
34VFM3
35VLG3
35VNG1
35VMG3
35VMG1
35VLG1
34VFM1
35VNG2
35VMG4
35VMG2
34VEM2
34VEM2
34VEM4
34VEM4
34VFM2
34VFM4
35VLG4
35VNG2
35VMG2
34VFM2
35VNF1
35VMF3
35VMF1
35VLF3
34VEL1
34VEL3
34VFL1
34VFL3
35VNF1
35VMF3
35VMF1
35VLF1
34VFL3
35VNF2
35VMF4
35VMF2
35VLF4
34VEL2
34VEL4
34VFL2
34VFL4
34VEL4
34VFL2
34VFL4
35VLF2
35VMF2
35VMF4
35VNF2
DOES THIS GRID MEET THE NEEDS OF AFE?
• Data from national co-ordinate systems (typically grid records from 10
x 10 km or 1 x 1 km squares) has to be transformed into the AFE grid
system:
– Excel sheet with conversion functions (within WGS84) distributed to the
national collaborators
– some of the national collaborators request for free software for being able
to transform their co-ordinate data into the WGS84 datum
– Conversion tables between the 10 x 10 km squares of the national grid
systems (Britain, Germany), place name lists (e.g. municipalities of
Finland), detailed map printouts
– grid in digital format (MapInfo, MapInfo export format, ASCII) sent to some
collaborators (not yet publicly available; requests for the grid and free
basemap data very frequent)
• Problems in converting the old data into the new grid — a compromise
for being able to compare the AFE data with the faunistic data
• Cell size varies considerably (in the new grid system even more than
in the old one)
• Fixed resolution; mostly no detailed background data available in
Helsinki
LINKING THE AFE AND OTHER SPATIAL
DATA
PRINTED MAPS TO DATABASE
• Using the AFE data with other data has become possible only after the distribution
data from printed maps was extracted into a digital database.
FAUNISTIC DISTRIBUTION ATLASES
• Old grid data combined with the faunistic atlas data in several papers (using the
Worldmap software of Chris Humphries, Paul Williams and Miguel Araujo; NHM,
London).
• In the future, the data collected in or converted to the new grid system can be
directly combined with the faunistic atlas datasets (after their conversion; done at
least for the mammal data).
LINKING WITH OTHER KIND DATA, FOR INSTANCE:
• Euro+Med PlantBase (www.euromed.org.uk); an on-line database and information
system for the vascular plants of Europe and the Mediterranean region.
• Modelling the potential ranges of the plants in (Brian Huntley, Durham; Pam Berry,
Oxford).
• Dahl, Eilif 1998: The phytogeography of Northern Europe. Old grid; climatological
and elevation data.
• Data used in several ecological research projects.