BELL WORK
DIRECTIONS: DURING THE FIST FIVE MINUTES OF
CLASS, ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS ON
THE NOTES FROM THE BACK TABLE IN COMPLETE
SENTENCE. BE PREPARED TO SHARE YOUR
ANSWERS WITH THE CLASS.
1)WHY DO COUNTRIES GO TO
WAR? (WRITE DOWN AT
LEAST 3 REASONS)
2)DO YOU THINK THEY ARE
LEGITIMATE REASONS? WHY
OR WHY NOT?
OBJECTIVES
I will identify and describe the
causes of the Peloponnesian War
I will identify and describe the
main events in the Peloponnesian
War
I will analyze the effects of the
Peloponnesian War
THE BEGINNINGS
The Delian League: 478 to 336 BCE
- Military organization with the same enemies
- Seat on Delian Council
- Phoros – town gave ‘tribute’ (money) to Athens for
protection
- Athens became the hegemon
Peloponnesian League: 6th to 4th century BCE
- Sparta = hegemon
- Elis and Corinth other major allies
- Congress of Allies
- Loose confederation
- Allegiance to Sparta for protection in foreign affairs
CAUSES
• Sparta vs. Athens
• Athens growing too big?
• Athens forbid Megara from trading in Athenian empire
harbors
• Athens blockaded Potidaea
• Potidaea rebelled against Athens
• Looking to Corinth (ally of Sparta) for help
• Corinth already upset with Athens for helping Corcyra
vs. Corinth
• Sparta gave Athens ultimatums
• Sparta will attack unless you stop economic sanction
on Megara AND stop blockade of Potidaea
PERICLES
"If we do go to war, harbor no thought that you
went to war over a trivial affair. For you this trifling
matter is the assurance and the proof of your
determination. If you yield to their demands, they will
immediately confront you with some larger demand,
since they will think that you only gave way on the first
point out of fear. But if you stand firm, you will show
them that they have to deal with you as equals ... When
our equals, without agreeing to arbitration of the matter
under dispute, make claims on us as neighbors and
state those claims as commands, it would be no better
than slavery to give in to them, no matter how large or
how small the claim may be."
ATHENIAN STRATEGY
PHASE 1: ARCHIDAMIAN WAR
•
431 – 421 BCE
•
King Archidamian II (Sparta) invaded Attica (Athenian countryside)
•
Pericles’s new strategy = use navy to attack coastal towns on
Peloponnese - too expensve
•
Cleon came to power and sent Demsothenes to command the navy
•
Demsothenes had many victories
- 40 triemmes to Pylos – built a fortress to hold runaway
helots
•
Sparta took Amphipolis under the command of Brasidas
•
During battle, Cleon, Demsothens, and Brasidas died
•
Peace of Nicias – March 421 BCE
-Back to status quo
- Pylos returned to Sparta and Amphipolis returned to Athens
ATHENIAN PLAGUE
430 BCE, 429 BCE, 427/426 BCE
PHASE 2: THE ENTR’ACTE
The Sicilian Expedition
- 415 – 413 BCE
- Athens tried to conquer parts of
Sicily
- Defeated by Spartans
PHASE 3: DECELEAN / IONIAN WAR
• 431 – 404 BCE
•
Probouloi formed in Athens (ten wiise men, including
Sophocles)
• King Agis of Sparta occupied Decelea (outside of Attica) and
built a fortress
- gained Chios and Miletos (former Delian League
members)
• Persia and Sparta became allies
- Sparta recognized Persia as ruler of Asia Minor
- Persia gave Sparta money and timber
• Athens defeated in naval battle at Aegospotami
- 200 Spartan ships vs 170 Athenian ships
AFTERMATH AND EFFECTS
Athens
Sparta
• Corinthian Wars (396 – 387 BCE)
- Sparta vs Athens, Thebes, Corinth, and Perisa
- Sparta Succeeded to Persia (still major power in
Greece)
- lost reputation and men
HOMEWORK
Draw a picture illustrating the
following aspects of the
Peloponnesian War:
Causes
Phase 1
Phase 2
Phase 3
Aftermath