Sistem Informasi Enterprise
Pertemuan 1
Dasar-dasar Sistem Informasi dalam Bisnis :
• Overview
• Perbedaan antara SI dan TI
• Perbedaan antara data, informasi dan
knowledge
• Komponen dan proses dari SI
• Proses bisnis dalam enterprise
Pertemuan 2
Persaingan dengan Teknologi Informasi
• 5 kekuatan dalam persaingan
• 5 strategi dalam persaingan
• Beberapa strategi dan karakteristik dari
virtual company
• IT dapat merubah persaingan dalam dunia bisnis
• Peran jaringan SI dalam perusahaan :
1. memungkinkan perusahaan untuk
berkoordinasi dengan perusahaan dengan
jarak
yang jauh
2. Transaksi pesanan pembelian, dan
pembayaran dapat dilakukan secara
elektronik
sehingga mengurangi ongkos produksi dan jasa dari
luar perusahaan
3. terbentuknya efisiensi dan hubungan baru antara
organisasi, pelanggan, suplier, dan menata ulang
batasan organisasi.
Contoh perusahaan digital
• Amazon.com
• Wal-mart
Perusahaan TOP 1000 di Dunia
No
Nama Perusahaan
Market Value
(Billion of US Dollars)
1.
Microsoft
$407.22
2.
General Electric
$333.05
3.
IBM
214.81
4.
Exxon
193.92
5.
Royal Dutch / Shell Group
191.32
6.
Wal-Mart Stores
189.55
7.
AT&T
186.14
8.
Intel
180.24
9.
Cisco Systems
174.09
10.
BP Amoco
173.87
Peringkat
Nama Perusahaan
Market Value
(Billion of US
Dollars)
20.
America Online
129.07
37.
Dell Computer
87.34
38.
Nokia
87.20
39.
Daimlerchrysler
86.87
91.
Sun Microsystems
46.08
93.
General Motors
44.82
102.
Compaq
40.27
105.
Boeing
39.35
122.
Oracle
35.72
148.
Yahoo!
29.45
220.
Ebay
21.40
254.
Amazon.com
18.91
306.
Priceline.com
16.09
944.
Lycos
3.34
Top 200 Emerging-Market
Companies di Indonesia
Peringkat
Nama Perusahaan
Market Value
(US $ Millions)
63
Telekomunikasi Indonesia
4479
77
Gudang Garam
3812
145
Indah Kiat Pulp & Paper
2454
167
Indonesian Satellite (Indosat)
2122
188
Indofood Sukses Makmur
1871
• Sistem informasi strategi adalah
– Merupakan bagian dari sistem informasi
– Menggunakan IT untuk membantu kinerja dari suatu
organisasi
• Meraih keuntungan dalam persaingan
• Mengurangi kerugian dalam persaingan
• Menemukan strategi enterprise lain yang
objektif
5 Kekuatan dalam Persaingan
Bargaining Power
of Suppliers
Threat of
New
Entrants
Rivalry Among
Existing
Competitors
Threat of
Substitutes
Bargaining Power
of Customers
5 Strategi dalam Persaingan
•
•
•
•
•
Cost Leadership
Differentiation Strategy
Innovation Strategy
Growth Strategy
Alliance Strategy
1. Cost Leadership
–
–
–
–
Mengurangi biaya produksi
Membantu suppliers atau customers mengurangi biaya
Meningkatkan biaya bagi para pesaing
Example, Priceline uses online seller bidding so buyer
sets the price
2. Differentiation Strategy
– Deveslop ways to differentiate a firm’s products from its
competitors
– Can focus on particular segment or niche of market
– Example, Moen uses online customer design
5 Strategi dalam Persaingan
3. Innovation Strategy
– Find new ways of doing business
• Unique products or services
• Or unique markets
• Radical changes to business processes to alter the
fundamental structure of an industry
– Example, Amazon uses online full-service customer systems
4. Growth Strategy
–
–
–
–
Expand company’s capacity to produce
Expand into global markets
Diversify into new products or services
Example, Wal-Mart uses merchandise ordering by global
satellite tracking
ABCDE
–Assesment = as is, situation
–Baseline = gaps, PPF
–Component = misi & visi
–Down to specific = performance
measure
–Evaluate = review progress, actions
5 Strategi dalam Persaingan
5. Alliance Strategy
– Establish linkages and alliances with
• Customers, suppliers, competitors,
consultants and other companies
– Includes mergers, acquisitions, joint ventures, virtual
companies
– Example, Wal-Mart uses automatic inventory
replenishment by supplier
Strategi yang lain
• Lock in customers and suppliers
–
–
–
–
And lock out competitors
Deter them from switching to competitors
Build in switching costs
Make customers and suppliers dependent on the use
of innovative IS
• Barriers to entry
– Discourage or delay other companies from entering
market
– Increase the technology or investment needed to
enter
Strategi Lain (lanjutan…)
• Include IT components in products
– Makes substituting competing products more
difficult
• Leverage investment in IT
– Develop new products or services not
possible without IT
Apa itu Virtual Company?
• A virtual company uses IT to link
– People,
– Organizations,
– Assets,
– & Ideas
• Creates inter-enterprise information systems
– to link customers, suppliers, and competitors
Karakteristik Virtual Company
• Use of internet & IT provide computing &
communications resources
• IT enables management of a network of
people, knowledge, financial & physical
resources
• Takes advantage of rapidly changing markets