Movers and Shapers
What is common
to all uncommon leaders?
Movers and Shapers
Moving from Narrative to
Example and Classification …
Night:
Story, Rhetoric, Man
Then…
OUR MOVERS AND SHAPERS
Movers and Shapers
MOVERS and SHAPERS
 Movers and shapers are people who find a
cause and communicate that cause to a wide
audience. They have endured trials and
tragedies, perhaps. They have passion, they
accomplish goals, and they motivate others to
join them in a mission or a cause. They work
to realize their vision by communication and
by action.
What is common
to all uncommon leaders?
Communication!
 Pres. Barack Obama  Martin Luther King, Jr.
 Elie Wiesel
 Bill Gates
 Bill Clinton
 Ted Turner
 Hillary Clinton
 Donna Beegle
 Bono (U2)
 Oprah Winfrey
 Jimmy Carter
The Power of Communication!
 How do they communicate?
 What do they understand about communication?
1.
2.
3.
Writing, speaking, reading, listening!
Process
Aims
1. To inform (expository)
2.
3.
4.
5.
To persuade
To entertain (literary, artistic)
To inspire (inflame)
To express (creatively, perhaps)
They use the
Rhetorical Triangle
Ethos (ethical appeal)—
Speaker
Pathos (pathetic appeal) –
Audience
Logos (logical appeal) –
Text
Factors in Rhetoric, Writing:
that may decide
Rhetorical Choices
 Exigence
 Genre
 Purpose/Aim
 Medium
(Intent)
 Context
audience
situation
occasion
 Design
 Stance/
Opinion/
Position
Factors in Speaking, Writing:
Process
Invention
Drafting
Revising
Editing
Proofreading
Basic Types of
Rhetorical Development
Descriptive
Narrative
Expository
Persuasive
Rhetorical Modes
 Description
 Narration
 Example/Illustration
 Process
 Cause and Effect
 Classification
 Comparison (& Contrast)
 Persuasion/Argumentation
Rhetorical Devices
(examples)
 Style
 Detail
 Point of View
 Organization
 Figurative Language
(ex)


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 Tone

 Syntax

 Diction

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*Connotation
*Denotation

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Imagery
Personification
Analogies
Symbol
Metaphor
Simile
Juxtaposition
Etc.
My Movers and Shapers
 Professional


Dr. M. McClellan
Dr. Muriel Harris
 Problematic/Controversial


My Cousin Melanie
Diss. Committee
 Influential

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Jimmy Carter
Pope John Paul II
Mother Teresa
 Famous

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Bono
Katie Couric
 Personal

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My husband & son
Dr. Paul Phillips
Stanley Parkman
Who are YOUR
MOVERS
AND
SHAPERS!!??
How did the M&S live?
 What early experiences shaped them?
 How did or DO they live so that the experiences
do not cripple, but make them more successful
and edify others?
 What is their “ripple effect”?
Assignments
 Read/listen to speeches and interviews (for
example):
 MLK, Bono, Wiesel, Obama, Pausch, Hillary
Clinton, others
 Research if needed
 Brainstorm…Follow Power Point
 Formal Letters (4)
 Poster Presentations
 Essay—My Movers and Shapers
Sources
 They Made America
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/theymadeamerica/
 TIME 100 Most Influential People
 CNN Heroes
 Look to the Stars
Writing your Essay
Who has moved and shaped me?
How have I been moved and/or
shaped by those around me?
We use examples to
 Bring general and abstract statements down
to earth so that


Readers will be interested
Readers will understand your ideas, points
 Make the


General specific
Abstract concrete
Understanding Illustration
 An example or illustration represents

A general group
 Nobel Prize Laureates
Carter
 Martin Luther King
 Albert Schweitzer


An abstract concept or quality
 War
Terrorism
 Landmines
 Nuclear proliferation

Jimmy Carter’s
Movers and Shapers
 His teacher, Ms. Julia Coleman
 Yitzhak Rabin, former (and assassinated)
Israeli Prime Minister
 Anwar Sadat, former (and assassinated)
President of Egypt
 Martin Luther King
TOPIC for your Essay
Influential / Important
Famous
Personal
Professional
Problematic/Controversial
Step 1:
Name some “movers and shapers”
who have influenced you in some way,
large or small (from government, arts
and entertainment, humanitarianism,
business, your life).
 Think carefully.
 Write down as many as you can think
of.

Step 1 Continued:
Brainstorm Names Today
 Make a list of possible Movers and
Shapers.
 Gather as many names as you can.
 For now, MORE is BETTER. We will
narrow down the list later.
Step 2:
Organize and Classify
 Now, organize the list according to the M
& S categories.
 Use the chart on the next slide.
Step 2 Continued: (show Dr. Bagby)
BRAINSTORMING
MY Movers and Shapers
Influential
Famous
Personal
Professional
Problematic
Step 3: Narrow your Topic
 Try to reduce the size of your list to just
the most important people. You may do
this by
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
Picking the best 2 to 4 people from each
category
Picking the best 3 to 4 categories to
explore.
Step 4: Brainstorm ideas
Answer these questions for each person you chose:
Who are they?
When did they live?
Where do/did they live?
What have they done in their lives?
Why are they in this group?
Why do they matter?
How have they made a difference?
In your life? Or
In others’ lives? Or
In the world?
Have they found a solution (or are they working on one)?
NOW, for the Essay!
Using Classification and Examples
 A Classification/Example Essay is very structured.
 It uses categories and examples of each
category:
EXAMPLE:
Categories of Movers and Shapers
THESIS
The thesis statement of a classification essay
 May tell why the categories are important
 May identify the classes into which the set is
being classified.
 Why are they M&S?
 What did all of them do for you?

Love, influence, inspiration, support, etc?
Example Thesis Statements
 Give at least ONE Specific “guiding principle”
for the thesis. Don’t be too general…
 Find COMMON GROUND.
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Ex., The movers and shapers in my life have taught
me the importance of hard work.
Ex., Though they come from all walks of life, my
professional and personal movers and shapers
have all influenced my understanding of patience.
Step 5: Thesis Statement
(Show Dr. Bagby)
Thesis: It is a generalization based on what you know about
individual people, your Movers and Shapers.
Answers the questions:

What am I trying to communicate?

What are the main points of my paper?
 You might discuss “The Ripple Effect” and the people who have
affected (moved you in some way, shaped, influenced) your life.
 You might discuss the “guiding or unchanging principles” you
have learned from your M & S.
Step 6: Turn In
Thesis and Topic Sentences
My subject is Movers and Shapers
My Categories are_______________.
Thesis Statement:
Topic Sentence 1:
Topic Sentence 2:
Topic Sentence 3:
Organization of a Classification
Essay
I. Introduction

The introduction or lead-in to a classification
essay will
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Identify the idea/thing being classified and
Identify the classes or categories.
Ways to Write Introductions
In at least three sentences that LEAD up to THESIS, you introduce the
topic and get INTEREST.
Some ideas are as follows:

Time Line: Past to Present

Narrative or Anecdote: Story Intro

LOGOS: Facts, statistics (shocking, important)

Example: Preview of type of examples in paper

Contextual: Broad ideas narrowed to thesis

Contrastive: Some say; others maintain

Descriptive: Use an appeal to the senses, describe a person or
place

Structured: Using three ideas plus a unifying thesis with those
ideas developed in subsequent paragraphs.
Step 7: Introductory Paragraph
 Introduction: Engages, gets
attention, gives context to relate
to…
 Begin with a brief anecdote
describing a person who might
cross into more than one
category: Personal, important
Organization of a Classification
Essay
II. Body
 The body identifies, in separate paragraphs, the various
categories, with examples.
 Topic sentences in classification essay body paragraphs
should identify the class or group being considered and
its relationship to the scheme for creating the classes
(the WHY).
 In classifying a set, more than one classification scheme
may be possible, depending on why you are classifying
the set and what can be gained from the classification
scheme (its value); however, each essay should focus
on one scheme for classifying the set.
The BODY
 While writing the body of the essay
 Remember:
 Examples
must be
Specific
OR
Plentiful enough to illustrate
your thesis
Things to Watch For:
Classification / Example
 Think of classification as a way of placing in groups,
categories, tables, or lists.
 Once the classifications are under way, make sure they
don’t overlap. Don’t put one person in two groups, in
other words.
 Don’t omit an important category –choose wisely.
 Make sure that the groups remain logical.
ORGANIZING:
How many examples?
Limited to 2-5:
 Arrange
in order of increasing
Importance
Interest
Complexity
 Strongest
and most detailed
provides a dramatic finish
Assignment #5:
OUTLINE Body Paragraphs (TURN IN)

Body Paragraphs—categories of movers
& shapers


Topic sentence that includes key ideas from
the thesis
Support Details:

Needed to illustrate topic



Concrete: facts, details to support your ideas
Sensory: images to help reader see
Summary sentence– Restates Topic in
some way
DRAFTING
 If you used many examples, briefly summarize each
in your essay
 If you used few, longer examples, describe each one
in detail
 If you used a single example


NARRATE
BE SPECIFIC
 EDIT FOR GRAMMAR AND PUNCTUATION!

Commas, shifts to “you,” verb forms
CONCLUSION
 The conclusion restates the categories of the
thesis and, as a significance—or answer to the
question “so what?” implied in any composition,
stresses the value of this classification system
 Conclusions of classification essays reemphasize the significance, importance,
relevance, or value of the scheme used to
classify the set.
 The conclusion might emphasize the most
important group.
Conclusion
“Hook”
back to anecdote or
your introductory statement
and finish the story--OR
connect to the person, the
event, or your thesis.
RUBRIC (see your copy)
Unity
Support
Coherence
Sentence Skills
Audience and Purpose
RUBRIC (see your copy)
UNITY
 A clearly stated thesis is obvious in the
introduction.
 The assigned outline was followed.
 Topic sentences follow the idea of the thesis
and develop a further point.
 All the supporting paragraphs are on target in
sustaining the thesis.
RUBRIC (see your copy)
SUPPORT
 Two or more separate support points advance
the argument of the thesis.
 Specific, concrete evidence develops each of the
supporting points.
 Plenty of evidence supports each point:
 (adequate development by examples, facts,
quotations, statistics).
RUBRIC (see your copy)
COHERENCE
 The essay has a clear method of organization
(per assigned outline).
 The organization shows good reasoning, a logical
order.
 The organization uses transitions between and
within paragraphs.
 The essay contains an effective introduction,
conclusion, and title.
RUBRIC (see your copy)
FORMAT AND SENTENCE SKILLS
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CORRECT MLA FORMAT IN PAPER.
CORRECT MLA FORMAT FOR WORKS CITED (if any).
Sentence fragments have been eliminated.
Fused sentences have been eliminated.
Comma splices have been eliminated.
Correct verb forms are used. FEW passive voice verbs!
Subjects and verbs agree in number.
Pronouns and antecedents agree in number and gender.
Punctuation marks are used correctly:
commas
quotation marks
semicolons
colons
dashes, hyphens, parentheses
apostrophes
Spelling errors avoided?
Careless errors eliminated by proofreading?
Audience and Purpose
 Keep readers in mind…
What do they already know about these
people? You might need to develop and
not simply list or cite briefly.
 What do they need to know in order to
accept your thesis? HOW did they mold,
shape, influence, impact YOU?

RUBRIC (see your copy)
AUDIENCE AND PURPOSE
 Did you try to convince your reader with
adequate, logical, reasonable support?
 Did you use strong words (especially verbs) and
a variety of sentence structures to show your
opinion, your emotions, on the issue?
 Did you follow directions? Did you attempt all of
the above criteria to make the essay clear for the
reader?
INSTRUCTIONS/UNIT
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Read this Power Point on your own.
READ Ericsson, p. 164 (“The Ways We Lie”), for an example of
classification.
Finish the table for your Movers and Shapers.
Write a thesis statement…IT should tell readers WHY these people
are movers and shapers in your life.
Outline the essay—Choose 3 categories to discuss. List 2-3
examples --people in each category/class ( your M&S).
Write topic sentences for your outline.
Draft the essay.
Revise and edit according to directions and YOUR writing
concerns.
Turn in your final essay with all work stapled to the back.