Chapter 16: Social Behavior
Social Psychology
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Person perception
Attribution processes
Interpersonal attraction
Attitudes
Conformity and obedience
Behavior in groups
Person Perception:
Forming Impressions of Others
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Effects of physical appearance
Cognitive schemas
Stereotypes
Prejudice and discrimination
Subjectivity in person perception
Evolutionary perspectives
Figure 16.1 Examples of social schemas
Attribution Processes: Explaining Behavior
• Attributions
– Internal vs. External
– Kelley’s covariation model
• Biases in attributions
– Fundamental attribution error
– Defensive attribution
– Self-serving bias
• Cultural influences
Figure 16.4 An alternative view of the fundamental attribution error
Close Relationships: Liking and Loving
• Key factors in attraction
– Physical attractiveness
– Matching hypothesis
– Similarity
– Reciprocity
– Romantic Ideals
Close Relationships: Liking and Loving
• Perspectives on love
– Hatfield & Berscheid – Passionate vs.
Companionate love
– Sternberg - Intimacy and commitment
– Hazen & Shaver – Love as attachment
• Evolutionary perspectives
– Mating priorities
Figure 16.7 Infant attachment and romantic relationships
Attitudes and Attitude Change
• 3 components
– cognitive, affective, and behavioral
• Factors in changing attitudes
– source, message, and receiver
• Theories of attitude change
– Learning theory
– Dissonance theory
– Self-perception theory
– Elaboration likelihood model
Figure 16.9 The possible components of attitudes
Figure 16.10 Overview of the persuasion process
Figure 16.12 Design of the Festinger and Carlsmith (1959) study
Figure 16.13 Bem’s self-perception theory
Yielding to Others: Conformity
• Conformity – Solomon Asch (1950s)
– Classic experiment
• Group size
• Group unanimity
Yielding to Others: Obedience
• Obedience – Stanley Milgram (1960s)
– Controversial landmark experiment
– “I was just following orders”
• presence of a dissenter
Behavior in Groups:
The Influence of Other People
• The bystander effect - Darley and Latane
(1968)
– Diffusion of responsibility
• Group productivity and social loafing
• Decision making in groups
• Polarization
• Groupthink
Figure 16.18 The effect of loss of coordination and social loafing on group productivity
Figure 16.21 The three potential components of prejudice as an attitude
Figure 16.22 Relationship between prejudice and discrimination
Figure 16.23 Bias in the attributions used to explain success and failure by men and women