SUMMARY CHAPTER 7: WIRING STANDARDS
BECAUSE THE TELECOMMUNICATIONS VOICE AND DATA CONTINUE TO INCREASE IN VARIETY. RULES HAVE BEEN ESTABLISHED TO ENSURE FLEXIBILITY IN THE MEANS USED TO SEND SIGNALS.
TODAY, THE ECOMUNICACIONES INCLUDE SENDING VOICE, DATA AND VIDEO:
SUCH AS FIRE ALARMS, SECURITY ALARMS, VIDEO SURVEILLANCE,
AUDIO CONTROLS AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROLS. THE MEDIA
MAY INCLUDE FIBER OPTIC, COPPER DATA CABLING, MICROWAVE AND RADIO.
THE NEED FOR STRUCTURED CABLING SYSTEMS
THE STRUCTURED CABLING IS A TACTICAL APPROACH TO THE WIRING.
IT IS A METHOD USED TO CREATE A SYSTEM THAT CAN BE CABLEADOORDENADO EASILY UNDERSTOOD BY INSTALLERS AND NETWORK ADMINISTRATORS.
RULES FOR STRUCTURED CABLING
THE FOLLOWING FOUR RULES WILL HELP AA THEIR NETWORKS TO BE MORE EFFEC:
LOOK FOR A COMPLETE SOLUTION FOR CONNECTIVITY
A STANDARD IMPLEMENTATION STANDARDS HELPS ENSURE THAT THE TECHNOLOGIES OF TODAY AND THE FUTURE MAY REMAIN.
PLAN FOR FUTURE GROWTH.
OPTICAL FIBER SOLUTIONS AND CATEGORY 6 CABLE SHOULD TENERCE IN PLACES WHERE THEY CAN BE VIABLE TO ENSURE THAT IN FUTURE WILL SATISFY THE NEEDS OF BROADBAND.
THE NUMBER OF CIRCUITS INSTALLED MUST MEET CERTAIN REQUIREMENTS IN THE FUTURE.
IT SHOULD OUTLINE A FACILITY OF THE PHYSICAL LAYER TO WORK FOR SEVERAL YEARS.
CONSIDER THE TOTAL COST OF OWNERSHIP
INSTALLATION, MAINTENANCE AND SUPPORT SEPARATE INFRASTRUCTURE WHETHER FOR VOICE, DATA AND VIDEO HAVE A COST INEFFICIENT. IT IS NOT EFFICIENT PERFORMANCE STEADILY
DUE TO POOR CHOICES OF WIRING.
KEEP CHOICE IN PROVIDERS
A POVEEDOR NOT MEET STANDARDS, WILL MAKE IT DIFFICULT FOR THE CUSTOMER TO CHANGE THE IP ADDRESSES BELOW. ONE ADVANTAGE OF THE CABLES OF CATEGORY 5E OR 6 THAT USE
RJ-45 CONNECTORS IS THEIR ACCEPTANCE AND AVAILABILITY OF COMPONENTS THAT CAN BE CONNECTED WITHOUT THE NEED TO RE-WIRING.
STRUCTURED CABLING SUBSYSTEMS
FIVE SUBSYSTEMS ARE RELATED TO STRUCTURED CABLING SYSTEM AND EACH PROEVE HANDLES VOICE AND DATA SERVICES ACROSS THE CABLE PLANT.
DEMARCATION POINT (DEMARCO) IN ENTRANCE FACILITIES
(EF, ENTRANCE FACILITY) IN THE EQUIPMENT ROOM. THIS VARIES
EACH REGION ACCORDING TO THE AMOUNT INTRODUZCA.E LOCATED WHERE THE EXTERNAL CABLES FROM THE SERVICE PROVIDER OPERATING IN CONJUNCTION WITH THE LOCAL SYSTEM
1.SALA TELECOMMUNICATIONS (TR, TELECOMMUNICATIONS ROOM)
2.CABLEADO BACKBONE - ALSO KNOWN AS VERTICAL WIRING
3.CABLEADO DISTRIBUTION - ALSO KNOWN AS HORIZONTAL CABLING
WORKING 4.ÁREA
THE BACKBONE CABLING IS THE "MAIN LINE" SYSTEM. THE HORIZONTAL CABLING DELIVERS THE SERVICE TO AREAS OF WORK. TELECOMMUNICATIONS ROOMS ARE THE PLACE WHERE THERE
ARE 236 CONNECTIONS SHARED SERVICES FROM THE BACKBONE CABLING TO THE HORIZONTAL CABLING.
CABLE LABELING AND DOCUMENTATION
THE LABELING IS A BASIC PART OF A STRUCTURED CABLING SYSTEM.
IN THE GOLD STANDARDS SPECIFIED IN EACH OF THE CONNECTION HARDWARE UNITS MUST HAVE A UNIQUE IDENTIFICATION. THIS IDENTIFIER MUST BE MARKED ON EACH UNIT OF HARDWARE
CONNECTION OR ITS LABEL.
RECORDS
THE STANDARDS REQUIRE CAREFUL RECORDS. THE IEC 14 763, FOR EXAMPLE, ARE RECOMMENDED TO REGISTER THE FOLLOWING ITEMS.
CABLES: TYPE AND NUMBER OF CABLES AND PAIRS, THE LOCATION OF THE ENDPOINTS.
TOMAS WORKSPACE: TYPE, LABEL INFORMATION, LOCATION
TELECOMMUNICATIONS ROOMS (DISTRIBUTORS): ROOM NUMBER, TYPE, DESCRIPTION, LINKS, LOCATION
FLOOR PLANS: LOCATIONS OF THE SOCKETS, TELECOMMUNICATIONS ROOMS AND WIRING ROUTES
ANSI / TIA / EIA 606 HAS SIMILAR REQUIREMENTS, ALTHOUGH IN A BROADER SENSE.
THE IEC 17 763 RECOMMENDS THAT INFORMATION REGARDING STRUCTURED CABLING SYSTEM IS MAINTAINED IN A DATABASE WITH FIVE FIELDS.
FIELD 1 GENERAL LOCATION
SPECIFIC LOCATION FIELD 2
FIELD 3 COMPONENT ID
FIELD 4 PORT NUMBER
PHYSICAL DATA FIELD 5
RECORDS TEST DATA CABLE
ON THE INSTALLATION OF THE CABLES MAY INCLUDE:
CABLE TYPE (FIBER OR COPPER)
MANUFACTURER, COATING AND MARKING THE CORE
NOTES AND LOCATIONS OF JOINTS AND CROSS-CONNECTIONS
NUMBER OF CONDUCTORS AND PAIRS AVAILABLE
NOTES ON CONNECTIONS AND GROUNDING
DATA TELECOMMUNICATIONS OUTLETS
TRABAJO REALIZADO POR:
POR:
YESSENIA DUQUE POSADA
PROFESOR:
GERMAN LEAL
SENA -MEDELLIN
2010
DATA CAN BE REGISTRARCON REGARDING THE TYPE AND LOCATION OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS NETWORKS ALSO CAN ACCELERATE THE IMPLEMENTATION LATER
PRACTICE OF ADVANCED SERVICES, LIKE POWER OVER ETHERNET (POE), MOBILE VOICE OVER INTERNET PROTOCOL (VOIP) OR IMPROVED SYSTEMS OF SURVEILLANCE AND SECURITY. TO
STORE IT CAN BE CONCLUDED
FOLLOWING:
TYPE OF SHOT, USED AND AVAILABLE
CABLE CHARACTERISTICS, SUCH AS IT IS PROTECTED OR NOT AVAILABLE WITHIN PAIRS OF CABLES (TELEPHONY)
NOTES ON THE JOURNEY THAT MAKES THE CABLE BACK TO THE RELATED TELECOMMUNICATIONS ROOM
IF THE CABLE IS CONNECTED OR NOT
NOTES ON CONNECTIONS AND GROUNDING
DATA FROM THE TELECOMMUNICATIONS ROOM (DISTRIBUTOR)
COULD ALSO REGISTER WITH THE TYPE AND LOCATION OF
TELECOMMUNICATIONS ROOMS (DISTRIBUTORS) ALSO CAN REGISTER AT THE
DATABASE STRUCTURED CABLING SYSTEM. AND SO INCLUDE THE FOLLOWING
NUMBER AND TYPE OF CABLES, BOTH CABLES IN USE AS AVAILABLE
NOTES ON FOOD, BACKUP POWER AND CONTROLS
ENVIRONMENTAL
DIAGRAMS OF RACKS, INCLUDING LOCATION AND FRONTAL VIEWS
INDICATE ROOM FOR MORE TEAMS TO BE ADDED OVER TIME.
INFORMATION ON ROUTES THAT FEED THE TELECOMMUNICATIONS ROOM
DATA FOR THE TELECOMMUNICATIONS ROUTES
RECORDS OF CABLES INSTALLED IN THE PATH
THE NATURE OF THE ROUTE (THE SIZE OF THE DUCT, THE WIDTH OF THE TRAY
CABLE, THE LENGTH OF RUN)
INFORMATION REGARDING THE GROUNDING, EARTHING AND BINDING
LAND
THE ATTRIBUTES OF THE ROUTE (THE LOCATION OF JUNCTION BOXES, THE PACKAGING ON THE COURSE, BRANCH POINTS)
DETAILS ABOUT THE MATERIALS REQUIRED OR USED TO STOP
FIRE
NETWORK EQUIPMENT RECORDS
IS IMPORTANT TO KNOW WHAT TYPE OF DEVICE, MODEL NUMBER, THE PORTS OR INTERFACES AVAILABLE AND THE LOCATION OF THE DEVICE.
REMOVAL OF ABANDONED CABLE
THE CABLE ACCESS IS NOT CONNECTED OR MARKED FOR FUTURE USE IS CONSIDERED REJECTED.
DISCARDED OR ABANDONED CABLE IS A SOURCE OF FUEL FOR FIRES.
DISCARDED OR ABANDONED CABLES CAN ALSO FORM A VOLTAGE VIA DISPERSION AND GROUND LOOPS, AS WELL AS BEING THE SOURCE OR DRIVER OF EMI AND RFI.
DISCARDED OR ABANDONED CABLES OBSTRUCT THE ROUTES AND AREAS USED BY THE WIRING ROUTE.
APPLICABLE WIRING STANDARDS
WE MUST HAVE THE TEMPERATURE CONTROL IN A BUILDING, SECURITY, FIRE SENSORS AND SURVEILLANCE, BESIDES THAT STANDARDS ARE BECOMING MORE CRITICAL BECAUSE THE
DESIGNERS OF THESE INDUSTRIES HAVE A FIXED IDEA ABOUT HOW TO MAKE YOUR COMPUTER WORK ON NETWORK. ALSO USES NATIONAL STANDARDS FOR THE UNITED STATES, CANADA,
AUSTRALIA, NEW ZEALAND AND THE EUROPEAN UNION.
THE MAIN DESIGN STANDARD FOR CANADA IS THE CAN / CSA T529 THE MAIN DESIGN STANDARD FOR AUSTRALIA / NEW ZEALAND IS THE AS / NZS 3080
THE MAIN DESIGN STANDARD FOR THE UNITED STATES IS THE ANSI / TIA / EIA 568-B.1, IN THE EUROPEAN UNION, THE RELEVANT STANDARDS ARE WRITTEN BY THE CENELEC (EUROPEAN
COMMITTEE FOR ELECTROTECHNICAL STANDARDIZATION) AND THE STANDARD FOR STRUCTURED CABLING IS EN 50173. CENELEC STANDARDS ARE NUMBERED AND BEGIN AT IN FOR
"EUROPEAN STANDARD (EUROPEANNORM)."
TIA/EIA-568-B: STANDARD WIRING. THIS STANDARD SPECIFIES REQUIREMENTS FOR TRANSMISSION AND MEDIA COMPONENTS.
TIA/EIA-569-A: TOURS AND CABLE SPACES.
TIA/EIA-570-A: RETAIL COMMERCIAL AND RESIDENTIAL WIRING.
TIA/EIA-606: STANDARD MANAGEMENT INCLUDES THE LABELING OF CABLES ON THE GROUND.
TIA/EIA-607: REQUIREMENTS FOR EARTHING AND CONNECTION.
THESE STANDARDS ALLOW YOU TO INSTALL A GENERIC STRUCTURED CABLING PLANT THAT CAN RUN ANY VOICE APPLICATION OR DATA.
INSTALLING INCOME
INSTALLATION OF INCOME (EF, ENTRANCE FACILITY) IS THE POINT AT WHICH
CABLES OUTSIDE THE BUILDING THROUGH THE WALL OR GO TO THE BASEMENT. IN SOME
CASES, THE EF IS SHARED WITH THE FACILITIES OF INCOME FROM OTHER SERVICES. IN OTHER CASES, THERE IS A ROOM OR A PANEL FOR THE EF.
DEMARCATION POINT
IT IS CALLED THE DEMARCATION POINT (DEMARCO) TO THE POINT WHERE THE AUTHORITY AND RESPONSIBILITY PASSES FROM THE SERVICE PROVIDER TO THE CUSTOMER. IT IS ALSO THE
POINT AT WHICH THE EXTERNAL WIRING IS CONNECTED TO THE BACKBONE CABLING WITHIN THE BUILDING.
IN THE UNITED STATES, TIA/EIA-569-A SPECIFIES STANDARDS FOR THE AREA OF DEMARCATION POINT. FOR BUILDINGS OF MORE THAN 2,000 USABLE SQUARE FEET (21 528 SQUARE FEET), IT IS
RECOMMENDED YOU HAVE A ROOM IN THE BUILDING SPECIFICALLY DESIGNATED FOR THAT PURPOSE AND HAVING KEY.
THE BUILDINGS HAVE AN AREA EXCEEDING 10 000 M2 (100 000 FT
SQUARE) SHOULD HAVE AN EXCLUSIVE ROOM FACILITIES
INCOME.
THE AREAS WHERE HARDWARE IS MOUNTED DISTRIBUTION MUST BE
FIRE RESISTANT PLYWOOD OR PLYWOOD PAINTED WITH TWO
FIREPROOF PAINT LAYERS.
INSTALLING INCOME
INSTALLATION OF INCOME (EF, ENTRANCE FACILITY) OR THE DEMARCATION POINT
(DEMARCO), PROVIDE THE POINT AT WHICH THE EXTERNAL WIRING IS CONNECTED
BACKBONE CABLING WITHIN THE BUILDING. EVERYTHING THAT HAPPENS FROM DEMARC TO INSTALLATION OF THE SERVICE PROVIDER.
THE CUSTOMER IS RESPONSIBLE FOR EVERYTHING THAT HAPPENS FROM INSIDE THE BUILDING DEMARC.
EQUIPMENT ROOMS AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS
SIMILAR ROOM WHICH CAN EXIST IN LARGER NETWORKS OR COMPANIES THAT SPECIALIZE IN TELECOMMUNICATIONS.
THE EQUIPMENT ROOM CAN HOLD THE MAIN DISTRIBUTION FRAME, PBXS, SECONDARY VOLTAGE PROTECTION, SATELLITE RECEIVERS, MODULATORS AND EQUIPMENT FOR HIGH-SPEED
INTERNET, ETC. DESIGN ASPECTS OF THE EQUIPMENT ROOM AS SPECIFIED IN RELEVANT STANDARDS SUCH AS TIA/EIA-569-A.
WORKSPACES
IF THE WORK AREA OF A TELECOMMUNICATIONS ROOM OF A SIMPLE STAR TOPOLOGY CAN NOT PROVIDE SUFFICIENT COVERAGE FOR ALL DEVICES TO BE CONNECTED, YOU CAN USE
REPEATERS, HUBS OR SWITCHES TO EXTEND IT.
WIRING DENSITY
WIRING DENSITY IS THE NUMBER OF CABLES THAT COME IN A TELECOMMUNICATIONS ROOM.
WHENEVER POSSIBLE, THE SIZE OF A TR MUST CONFORM TO THE WIRING DENSITY OF THE AREA IN WHICH IT OPERATES.
APPROPRIATE SIGNAGE IS ANOTHER ELEMENT OF GREAT IMPORTANCE WHEN CONSIDERING THE DENSITY OF CONNECTIONS IN A TELECOMMUNICATIONS ROOM.
THE BETTER THE PRACTICE OF LABELING, THE EASIER IT IS TO ACCOMMODATE HIGHER DENSITIES.
LOCATION OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS FACILITIES
TELECOMMUNICATIONS ROOMS SHOULD BE LOCATED AWAY FROM SOURCES OF
ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERFERENCE SUCH AS TRANSFORMERS, MOTORS, X-RAYS
CURRENT INDUCTION HEATERS, ARC WELDERS, RADIOS AND RADARS.
WATER IS ANOTHER POSSIBLE PROBLEM, SO IT IS BEST TO AVOID ROOMS WITH WATER PIPES.
BY THE SAME TOKEN, THERE IS A ROOM IDEAL FOR HOSTING NETWORK DEVICES AND CABLING.
THIS IS THE REASON WHY MOST TEAMS STAY AWAY FROM NETWORK
ENTERING AREAS WHERE SERVICES (ELECTRICITY, WATER AND
PHONE).
ANOTHER GOOD IDEA IS TO PLACE TELECOMMUNICATIONS ROOMS ADJACENT TO THE WALLS. BECAUSE THESE WALLS HELP SUPPORT THE BUILDING STRUCTURE, RARELY OFFICE BUILDINGS
SHOULD HAVE A TELECOMMUNICATIONS ROOM ON EACH FLOOR.
A TELECOMMUNICATIONS ROOM ON EACH FLOOR IS THE UNION BETWEEN THE WIRED BACKBONE AND HORIZONTAL CABLING.
TEAMS OF 252 CAN CONTAIN DATA AND VOICE TELECOMMUNICATIONS, TERMINAL BLOCK AND WIRING FOR CROSS CONNECTION.
IT TAKES MORE THAN ONE TR PER FLOOR WHEN THE DISTANCE TO THE WORK AREA EXCEEDS 90 M (295.3 FEET) OR WHERE THE FLOOR AREA EXCEEDS 1,000 SQUARE METERS.
TIA/EIA-569 SPECIFIES THAT THE SIZE OF A TR MUST BE AT LEAST 3.0 MX 3.4 M (9.8 FEET X 11.2 FEET) PER 1,000 METERS OF WORK AREA RECEIVING SERVICES.
MOUNTING EQUIPMENT
THE EQUIPMENT MOUNTING RACKS OR WALLS REQUIRED TO COMPLY WITH THE STANDARDS.
THE ISO / IEC TR 14763-2 AND EN 50174-1 GIVE GENERAL ADVICE ABOUT THE LOCATION OF EQUIPMENT, BUT NONE OF THE TWO STANDARDS AS MUCH DETAIL AS DOES THE UNITED STATES
STANDARD, ANSI / TIA / EIA 569-A. IF YOU ADJUST THE TELECOMMUNICATIONS ROOM TO BICSI RECOMMENDATIONS WILL ENSURE COMPLIANCE WITH THE STANDARD ANSI/TIA/EIA-569-A.
GROUNDING RODS FOR TELECOMMUNICATIONS (TGB)
THE GROUNDING RODS FOR TELECOMMUNICATIONS SHOULD BE MADE OF COPPER PRE-DRILLED AND SHOULD BE AT LEAST 50 MM (2 INCHES) WIDE BY 6 MM (0.25 INCHES) THICK, AND LONG
ENOUGH TO CONNECT CABLES GROUND CONNECTION AND ENABLE FUTURE GROWTH. MUST BE AT LEAST COPPER 6 AWG (AMERICAN WIRE GAUGE) OF THE AMERICAN STANDARDS FOR
CABLING, AND THEY VALID COMPRESSION CONNECTORS WITH A HOLE IN THEM.
MAIN BAR FOR TELECOMMUNICATIONS GROUNDING (TMGB)
THE TMGB MUST BE PRE-DRILLED COPPER AND MUST HAVE MINIMUM DIMENSIONS
100 MM (4 INCHES) WIDE AND 6 MM (0.25 INCHES) THICK.
IT SHOULD BE AS LONG AS NEEDED TO SUPPORT ITS ROLE AS A
CENTRAL GROUNDING TO MINIMIZE THE LENGTH OF CABLE CONNECTING THE TWO. THE TMGB SHOULD BE SEPARATE FROM THE WALL ON WHICH IS MOUNTED FOR VERTICAL MOUNTING
INSULATORS.
ARE INTERCONNECTED AND THE MAIN BAR FOR TELECOMMUNICATIONS GROUNDING (TMGB) BY THE BACKBONE TELECOMMUNICATION EARTHING (TBB, TELECOMMUNICATIONS BONDING
BACKBONE). FOR
GREATER RELIABILITY, THE WIRES ARE CONNECTED TO THE TBB AND TGB TMGB
USING COMPRESSION CONNECTORS WITH TWO HOLES.
DOORS AND LOCKS
THE VALUE IS HIGH AND THE GREAT IMPORTANCE TO THE NETWORK
EQUIPMENT THAT IS IN THE TELECOMMUNICATIONS ROOM DICTATE THE STEPS
BE FOLLOWED TO ENSURE GOOD PHYSICAL SECURITY.
THE TIA/EIA-569 SPECIFIES THE SIZE OF THE DOOR AND THE SIZE OF THE LOCKS THAT UTILIZNA FOR TR.
SPECIFICATIONS FOR WALLS, FLOORS AND CEILINGS
THE ANSI / TIA / EAI ARE SOMEWHAT COMPREHENSIVE AS
REGARDING THE SPECIFICATIONS FOR WALLS, FLOORS AND CEILINGS OF THE ROOMS
AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS EQUIPMENT. WITH A MINIMUM CAPACITY OF 4.8 KPA, EQUIVALENT TO 100 LBS / FT ². WHEN THE TELECOMMUNICATIONS ROOM SERVES AS A STORE ROOM, THE
FLOOR MUST WITHSTAND A MINIMUM LOAD OF 2.4 KPA (50 LB / FT ²).
LIGHTING
IT IS IMPORTANT FOR TELECOMMUNICATIONS ROOMS, BESIDES BEING SAFE AND
TO HAVE WALLS WITH PLYWOOD SURFACES WITH TREATMENT
FIRE, ALSO HAVE ADEQUATE LIGHTING. IT MUST HAVE A MINIMUM OF TWO AC DUAL POWER OUTLETS, SWITCHES AND NOT EXCLUSIVE. YOU MUST ALSO HAVE AT LEAST A DOUBLE TAKE
LOCATED EVERY 1.8 M (5.9 FEET) ALONG EACH WALL OF THE ROOM. THE DECISION MUST ALSO BE LOCATED 150 MM (5.9 INCHES) ABOVE THE FLOOR. A WALL SWITCH THAT CONTROLS THE MAIN
LIGHT IN THE ROOM SHOULD BE POSITIONED NEXT TO THE DOOR WITHIN THE ROOM.
TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY
IT IS ESSENTIAL THAT THE ENVIRONMENT OF THE TELECOMMUNICATIONS ROOMS CAN
MAINTAINED 24 HOURS A DAY, 365 DAYS A YEAR, AND ARE
INDEPENDENT CHECKS OF THE WORK AREA OUTSIDE.
THE TELECOMMUNICATIONS ROOM MUST HAVE ADEQUATE HEATING, VENTILATION AND AIR CONDITIONING (HVAC) TO MAINTAIN THIS TEMPERATURE APPROXIMATELY 17 ° C AND 21 ° C (64 ° F
AND 75 ° F)
WHILE ALL TEAMS ARE FULLY OPERATIONAL LAN.
EQUIPMENT RACKS
THE TYPICAL EQUIPMENT IN A TELECOMMUNICATIONS ROOM ARE MOUNTED
RACKS FOR EQUIPMENT.
THE RACKS ARE MOUNTED ON METAL FRAMES THAT SUPPORT THE FLOOR INSTALLATION OF PATCH PANELS AND ACTIVE EQUIPMENT SUCH AS SWITCHES, ROUTERS OR SERVERS.
CONSIDERATIONS INCLUDE WHETHER THE EQUIPMENT USED OR ELECTRICITY,
LAYING AND CABLE MANAGEMENT AND EASE OF USE.
CABLE MANAGEMENT
THE PROVISION AND MANAGEMENT OF CABLES AND EQUIPMENT IS ANOTHER FACET OF
STRUCTURED CABLING SYSTEM.
DEVICES FOR MANAGING CABLES ARE USED TO ROUTE CABLES
AND PROVIDING A PATH FOR TIDY CABLES.
THE CABLE MANAGEMENT ALSO SIMPLIFIES THE ADDITION OF CABLES AND CABLING SYSTEM MODIFICATIONS.
OTHER OPTIONS FOR FLOOR AND ROOF
THE RAISED FLOOR AND FALSE CEILING PANELS CAN ALSO SUPPORT
CONNECTION. GENERALLY USED TO HOLD THE POINTS OF CONSOLIDATION OR
TELECOMMUNICATIONS CONNECTIONS FOR MULTIUSER (MUTOS, MULTI-USER
TELECOMMUNICATIONS OUTLET ASSEMBLIES).
THE COLOR CODING SCHEME WITHIN A BUILDING IS CHOSEN BY THE LOCAL BUILDING ADMINISTRATORS. THERE ARE ALSO STANDARDS THAT MUST BE FOLLOWED.
CROSSOVER CABLES
A CROSS-CONNECT FIELD IS THE HARDWARE FOR THE TERMINATION OF A LINING
CONNECTION CABLES FOR THE TELECOMMUNICATIONS ROOM.
THE MAIN CROSS-CONNECTS (MC) ARE USED TO INTRODUCE SERVICES TO THE DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM CONNECTING CABLE SERVICE PROVIDERS THE BACKBONE CABLING SYSTEM.
INTERMEDIATE CROSS-CONNECTS (IC) ARE CONNECTING SERVICES FROM THE WIRED BACKBONE SEGMENTS OF THE MC TO OTHER SEGMENTS OF BACKBONE CABLING. HORIZONTAL CROSSCONNECTS (HC) ARE USED TO CONNECT SERVICES TO TAKE FROM THE WORKSTATION THROUGH THE HORIZONTAL CABLING.
THE INCOMING CABLES ARE CONNECTED TO A FIELD AND OUTGOING CABLES ARE CONNECTED TO ANOTHER.
THE CROSS-CONNECT CABLES CONNECT THESE WIRES TOGETHER TO DELIVER SERVICES. THIS METHOD IS USED TO MEET THE CONSTRAINTS OF CABLE LENGTH AND PROVIDE SIMPLE MOVES,
ADDS AND CHANGES (MAC MOVES, ADDS AND CHANGES).
CONNECTION CABLES
THERE IS A CLEAR DISTINCTION BETWEEN CONNECTION AND CROSS CONNECTION. CONNECTION
CROSS BEING PERFORMED MORE FREQUENTLY IN THE MC AND THE IC BECAUSE THESE
CONNECTIONS ARE RELATIVELY PERMANENT.
THE CONNECTION IS MADE WHEN CHANGES IN CONNECTIVITY ARE OFTEN MADE OR PLANNED IN ADVANCE.
IT IS MUCH EASIER TO SIMPLY CONNECT THE CIRCUIT MAKING THE WORK AREA TO A DIFFERENT EXTERNAL CIRCUIT, TO REMOVE THE CABLES CONNECTING THE HARDWARE CONNECTED TO
ANOTHER CIRCUIT.
THE CONNECTION CABLES ARE ALSO USED TO CONNECT NETWORK EQUIPMENT CROSS-CONNECTS IN THE TELECOMMUNICATIONS ROOM.
CROSSED WIRES
A CROSSOVER CABLE CAN BE USED AS TRUNKING OR CABLE BACKBONE FOR
CONNECT TWO OR MORE HUBS OR SWITCHES TO A LAN, OR TO CONNECT TWO REMOTE WORKSTATIONS TO CREATE A MINI LAN.
THIS TYPE OF CONNECTION CAN BE VERY USEFUL IN ENVIRONMENTS WHERE FAILURES ARE DIAGNOSED WHEN THE COACH WANTS TO ELIMINATE AS MANY SOURCES OF NETWORK PROBLEMS
AS POSSIBLE.
A CROSSOVER CABLE WIRING DIAGRAM USING A T568A AT ONE END AND T568B WIRING SCHEME ON THE OTHER. THIS CONFIGURATION ALLOWS THE TRANSMISSION PINS SEND SIGNALS FROM
ONE DEVICE TO RECEIVE ANOTHER PAIR.
IF IN THIS CASE IS TO USE A DIRECT CABLE CONNECTION, THE DEVICES ARE NOT
COMMUNICATED BECAUSE THE COUPLE WOULD BE CONNECTED TO THE SAME PINS ON BOTH
DEVICES.
DIRECT CONNECT CABLES
A DIRECT CONNECTION CABLE MAPS THE CABLE TO THE SAME PINS
AT BOTH ENDS. IF USED BETWEEN HUBS OR SWITCHES AND A STATION
WORK IS CONSIDERED PART OF THE HORIZONTAL CABLING SYSTEM.
THE CONNECTION CABLES ARE ALSO USED TO CONNECT THE WORK AREA OUTLET TO THE WORKSTATION.
THE CONNECTION CABLES ARE LIMITED TO 5 METERS (16.4 FEET). 264 THE INSTALLER OR TECHNICIAN MUST CAREFULLY CHOOSE THE CORRECT WIRING SCHEME WHEN CONNECTING CABLES
ARE USED.
CABLE TRANSPUESTRO
THE ROLLOVER CABLE IS USED AS A CONSOLE CABLE TO CONNECT A
COMPUTER TO A ROUTER OR SWITCH THROUGH THE CONSOLE PORT.
ONE END OF THE CABLE WILL TEND ACCORDING TO WIRING DIAGRAM 568-B OR A
WHILE THE OTHER END BY PIN PIN IS REVERSED. PIN 1 ON ONE END IS PIN 8 ON THE OTHER, THE TWO WILL BE ON 7 AND SO ON UNTIL EVERYONE
INVESTED.
CD, BD, FD (MC, IC AND HC)
MOST NETWORKS HAVE MORE THAN ONE TELECOMMUNICATIONS ROOM (TR)
FOR DIFFERENT REASONS.
FIRST, A LARGE NETWORK MEDIUM IS USUALLY DISTRIBUTED OVER SEVERAL FLOORS OR BUILDINGS. YOU NEED A TELECOMMUNICATIONS ROOM TO EACH FLOOR OF EACH BUILDING.
SECONDLY, THE MEDIA ONLY HAVE A SIGN UP BEFORE THE SIGNAL BEGINS TO DETERIORATE.
AT THESE POINTS NEEDED EQUIPMENT SUCH AS REPEATERS, HUBS, BRIDGES OR SWITCHES TO REGENERATE THE SIGNAL AND CONTINUE TO BE ISSUED.
THE PRIMARY TELECOMMUNICATIONS ROOM, CALLED THE CAMPUS DISTRIBUTOR (CD) OR MAIN CROSS-CONNECT (MC), IS THE CENTER OF THE NETWORK. ORIGINATES IS WHERE ALL THE
WIRING AND WHERE THE MAJORITY OF THE TEAM.
BUILDING DISTRIBUTOR (BD) OR INTERMEDIATE CROSS-CONNECT (IC) IS CONNECTED TO THE MC AND CAN ACCOMMODATE THE EQUIPMENT OF A BUILDING ON CAMPUS. FLOOR DISTRIBUTOR
(FD) OR HORIZONTAL CROSS-CONNECT (HC) HAS DISTRIBUTION CABLES ON A SINGLE FLOOR OF A BUILDING.
DISTRIBUTOR CAMPUS (MAIN CROSS-CONNECT (MC))
CAMPUS DISTRIBUTOR (CD), OR MAIN CROSS CONNECTION (MC), IS THE
MAIN CONCENTRATION OF A CAMPUS OR ENTIRE BUILDING. THE MC IS
ACTUALLY THE TELECOMMUNICATIONS ROOM (TR) RATES. THIS IS THE ROOM THAT CONTROLS THE
REST OF THE TR (THE IC AND HC) OF A BUILDING OR CAMPUS. IT IS THE CENTRAL POINT
THE STAR TOPOLOGY (DISCUSSED IN CHAPTER TWO, "FUNDAMENTALS
NETWORKING. ")
IN A STAR TOPOLOGY, ALL THE IC OR HC ARE CONNECTED TO THE MC. THE
WIRED BACKBONE, OR VERTICAL, IS USED TO CONNECT THE IC AND OTHER HC
FLOORS.
THE BLACK LINES REPRESENT THE HORIZONTAL CABLING FROM THE HC TO THE WORK AREAS.
DISTRIBUTOR OF BUILDING (INTERMEDIATE CROSS-CONNECT (IC))
THE BUILDING DISTRIBUTOR (BD) OR INTERMEDIATE CROSS-CONNECT (IC), HOUSES THE
WIRING AND DEVICES USED IN A SINGLE BUILDING OR, IN THE CASE
A ONE-STORY BUILDING, IS THE TELECOMMUNICATIONS ROOM (TR) PRINCIPAL
THE FLOOR OF A NETWORK.
ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-B SERIES STANDARDS SPECIFY THAT THE IC MUST BE CONNECTED TO THE MC USING CABLING BACKBONE, ALSO CALLED VERTICAL CABLING.
IT IS TYPICALLY USED WHEN FIBER OPTIC CABLING BACKBONE CABLE LENGTHS ARE LONGER THAN THE LIMIT OF CATEGORY 5E UTP CABLE.
FLOOR DISTRIBUTOR (HORIZONTAL CROSS-CONNECT (HC))
FLOOR DISTRIBUTOR (FD) OR HORIZONTAL CROSS-CONNECT (HC) IS THE ROOM
TELECOMMUNICATIONS (TR) IS CLOSEST TO THE WORKSTATIONS.
GH, LIKE ALL CROSS-CONNECTIONS OF COPPER, IS USUALLY A PATCH PANEL OR BLOCK OF PUNCTURE AND, POSSIBLY, A NETWORK DEVICE AS A REPEATER, A HUB OR SWITCH.
THE HORIZONTAL CABLING NETWORKING INCLUDING METHODS USED IN THE
AREA EXTENDING FROM THE WIRING CLOSET TO A STATION
WORK.
ACCORDING TO THE STANDARDS ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-B.1, THE LENGTH OF HORIZONTAL CABLE
FROM THE HC TO THE WORK AREA CAN NOT EXCEED 90 M (295.3 FT).
FROM THERE, THE MAXIMUM LENGTH OF CABLE FROM THE STATION TAKES UP
WORK IS 5M (16.4 FEET). IN THE HC, THE MAXIMUM CABLE LENGTH IS 5M
(16.4 FEET). THIS APPLIES TO ALL TYPES OF NETWORKING MEANS
CATEGORY 5E UTP ADMITTED.
CONNECTING THE CAMPUS DISTRIBUTOR (CD) TO THE DISTRIBUTOR OF BUILDING
(BD) AND FLOOR DISTRIBUTOR (FD) (MAIN CROSS-CONNECT (MC) TO
INTERMEDIATE CROSS-CONNECTS (IC) AND HORIZONTAL (HC))
THE MC, IC AND HC ARE HIERARCHICAL IN NATURE. WHEN YOU NEED MORE THAN
TELECOMMUNICATIONS ROOM (TR) USES THE STAR TOPOLOGY
EXTENDED. AS MORE COMPLEX EQUIPMENT IS LOCATED IN THE MOST
A CENTRAL EXTENDED STAR TOPOLOGY, IT IS SOMETIMES CALLED A
HIERARCHICAL STAR TOPOLOGY.
IN THE EXTENDED STAR TOPOLOGY THERE ARE TWO WAYS IN WHICH A
FD (HC) CAN CONNECT TO THE CD (MC). IN SMALLER INSTALLATIONS, EACH
FD (HC) CAN CONNECT DIRECTLY TO THE DISTRIBUTION FACILITY
PRINCIPAL. IN THIS CASE, THE HC IS THE PART OF THE ROOM WHERE THE WIRING
CONNECTS TO THE HORIZONTAL PATCH PANEL FROM WHICH THE BACKBONE CABLING
SWITCH IS CONNECTED TO THE MC. THEREFORE, THIS CROSSOVER IS THE HC.
HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL DISTRIBUTION (WIRED BACKBONE)
CABLES BETWEEN BUILDINGS (WITHIN THE SAME BUILDING) ON A CAMPUS WITH
BUILDINGS
VERTICAL CONNECTIONS (VERTICAL LINES) BETWEEN THE DIFFERENT TR
FLOORS (FROM MC TO IC)
CABLES BETWEEN THE TR AND THE DEMARCATION POINT
TELECOMMUNICATIONS ROOMS ON THE SAME FLOOR (FROM MC TO IC, IC TO HC)
THE MAXIMUM DISTANCE ALLOWED FOR THE LAYING OF CABLES VARY
TYPE OF CABLE.
FOR BACKBONE CABLING, THE MAXIMUM DISTANCE FOR CABLE LAYING IS ALSO AFFECTED BY HOW TO USE THE WIRING
BACKBONE.
IN ADDITION, THE MAXIMUM DISTANCE OF 3000 M (9842.5 FT) FOR LAYING
BACKBONE CABLING SHOULD BE DIVIDED INTO TWO SECTIONS, SUCH AS WHEN THE
WIRING USED TO CONNECT THE HC TO IC AND IC TO THE MC.
FIBER OPTIC BACKBONE
OPTICAL FIBERS ARE A VERY EFFECTIVE MEANS TO MOVE THE BACKBONE TRAFFIC.
THIS IS BECAUSE THESE FIBERS ARE IMPERVIOUS TO ELECTRICAL INTERFERENCE AND RADIO FREQUENCY INTERFERENCE. IN ADDITION, FIBER DOES NOT CARRY CURRENTS THAT MIGHT
CAUSE LOOPS IN THE GROUND. FIBER OPTIC SYSTEMS ALSO HAVE A HIGH BANDWIDTH AND CAN OPERATE AT HIGH SPEEDS.
THE FIBER HAS AN ADDITIONAL ADVANTAGE WHEN USED AS A MEANS OF BACKBONE.
YOU MAY HAVE A GREATER EXTENT THAN COPPER.
MULTIMODE OPTICAL FIBER USED AS A BACKBONE LENGTHS CAN COVER UP TO 2000 METERS. THE SINGLE-MODE FIBER OPTIC CABLES CAN COVER UP TO 3000 METERS.
ALTHOUGH THE OPTICAL FIBER, ESPECIALLY MONO MODE FIBER CAN CARRY SIGNALS EVEN FURTHER (POSSIBLY UP TO 60-70 MILES, DEPENDING ON THE CONNECTION EQUIPMENT), THESE
LONGER DISTANCES ARE CONSIDERED OUTSIDE THE SCOPE OF THE STANDARD.
MULTIPLE COPPER CABLE PAIRS
A TYPICAL METHOD FOR MOVING LARGE NUMBERS OF SIGNALS, LIKE A
BACKBONE IS TO USE A MULTI-PAIR CABLE.
THE MOST IMPORTANT IS THE FACT THAT THE CROSSTALK BETWEEN APPLICATIONS MAY BE WORSE IN MULTIPLE CABLE PAIRS IN FOUR-PAIR CABLES.
NOT MANY MULTIPLE PAIR CABLES ARE COMPATIBLE WITH CATEGORY 6.
FOUR-PAIR BACKBONE CABLES ATTACHED
WHEN THE FIBER OPTIC CABLES OR MULTIPLE PAIRS ARE NOT AN OPTION,
TIE THE FOUR-PAIR CABLES FOR TRANSPORT.
IF UNIONS SHOULD BE USED WITH NYLON CORD, BE CAREFUL NOT TO COMPRESS THE WIRES TO CAUSE DAMAGE. ALSO, MAKE SURE THAT THE END OF THE CABLE TIES ARE CUT FLUSH SO
THERE ARE NO IRREGULAR SHAPE THAT CAN ENGAGE THE CLOTHING AND SKIN SCRAPING.
GENERALLY, IT IS BEST TO USE LOOP OR HOOK FASTENERS TO STABILIZE AND ORGANIZE THE CABLES WITHOUT CRUSHING.
WORKSPACES
THE WIRING IN THE WORK AREA EXTENDS FROM THE OUTLET
TELECOMMUNICATIONS EQUIPMENT TO THE WORKSTATION.
THE WORK AREA COMPONENTS INCLUDE:
TEAM WORKSTATION: COMPUTERS, DATA TERMINALS,
TELEPHONES, FAX MACHINES, PRINTERS
CABLE: MODULAR CABLES, POWER ADAPTERS FOR PC
FIBER JUMPERS
ADAPTERS THAT SHOULD BE EXTERNAL TO TELECOMMUNICATIONS OUTLET
IN GENERAL, CABLES WITH STRANDED CONDUCTORS ARE MADE TO HELP MINIMIZE THE POSSIBILITY OF BREAKAGE.
CONNECTIONS FOR MULTI-USER TELECOMMUNICATIONS OUTLETS
(MUTO)
IN THE MAJOR STANDARDS, ADDITIONAL SPECIFICATIONS HAVE BEEN INCLUDED
ON HORIZONTAL WIRING IN WORK AREAS WITH FURNITURE AND PARTITIONS
MOVING, EVEN IN TIA/EIA-568-B.1.
A MUTO IS A DEVICE THAT LETS USERS MOVE,
ADD DEVICES AND MAKE CHANGES IN THE DISTRIBUTION OF FURNITURE
WITHOUT RE-BUILD MODULAR WIRING. THE CONNECTING CABLES CAN BE
MUTO SENT DIRECTLY FROM A TEAM WORKSPACE.
THE LOCATION OF A MUTO MUST BE ACCESSIBLE AND PERMANENT, AND CAN NOT BE
MOUNTED ON THE ROOF SPACES OR UNDER FLOORING. SIMILARLY
THUS CAN NOT BE MOUNTED ON FURNITURE UNLESS THE MOVABLE PART
PERMANENT BUILDING STRUCTURE.
FOR THE USE OF MUTO, THE STANDARD SPECIFIES TIA/EIA-568-B.1
FOLLOWING GUIDELINES:
YOU NEED AT LEAST ONE FOR EACH GROUP MUTO FURNITURE.
YOU CAN USE A MAXIMUM OF 12 AREAS OF WORK FOR EACH MUTO.
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THE CONNECTION CABLES IN WORK AREAS SHOULD BE LABELED IN
BOTH ENDS WITH UNIQUE IDENTIFIERS.
THE MAXIMUM LENGTH OF CABLE IS 22 M (72.2 FEET).
CONSOLIDATION POINT (CP)
CONSOLIDATION POINTS (CP) PROVIDES A SIMILAR FUNCTION TO
MUTO, BUT GENERALLY ACCESS TO THE POINT OF CONSOLIDATION IS LIMITED.
THE PANELS MUST BE UNOBSTRUCTED AREAS, WHICH ARE EASILY ACCESSIBLE WITHOUT MOVING ANY DEVICES, EQUIPMENT OR HEAVY FURNITURE.