CONTENTS
1. Introduction........................................................................................................................ 2
2. Statement of the problem ............................................................................................. 4
3. Objective............................................................................................................................... 5
4. System description .......................................................................................................... 5
5. Significance of the project............................................................................................. 7
6. Feasibility ............................................................................................................................ 8
7. Conclusion ........................................................................................................................ 10
8. Reference .......................................................................................................................... 11
1
INTRODUCTION
One of the major issues that we human beings focus on is health related issue. Caring for health is
the first thing to do to care for anything else. Developments in any aspect such as education or
economy are highly depending on development in health care.
As our country is on development run and fighting poverty, it is duty of every citizen to make sure
this development is continues. In other hand, crime has always been obstacle of this development.
Therefore to assure our development, we also need to assure peace and security.
The federal police commission has the responsibility to fight against crime and guarantee peace and
security. Having limited resource and technology, this responsibility has its own difficulty. To
overcome these difficulties the police needs to be advanced in all possible aspect. One of the aspects
of advancement of policing is advancement in information communication technology. According to
the report of The Guardian, three of the top five digital breakthroughs for policing are within
information communication technology [1]. The Guardian also predicts that the top five upcoming
advancements are expecting from information communication technology [1].
On this project we are proposing to develop a system that allows the police force to organize all
records and analyze them to give a decision supporting prediction. Crime has Organizing and
analyzing committed crime has the following benefits.
1. It builds up the knowledge of the police force about the crime and helps them to prepare for
the future occurrence.
2. It allows the force to make environmental treatment that can change the environment that
most frequented crimes occurred in.
3. Power full means to present and report situation for concerned bodies including public.
4. Allows predictive policing (police task based on preventing the crime).
Health care can be classified in to two categories namely preventive and treatment. In preventive
care, we care to prevent our target (technically called patient) from being exposed to any health
obstacles. In treatment, we treat our target after exposed to health disorder. It is well known that
preventive measures are most effective and should be center of focus. But in other hand, for most
cases, it is not possible to rely on protective measures and will be necessary to move on to
treatment.
Besides of being unavoidable, proper treatment of patients has a great support on preventing
others. These are the most common benefit of treatment as a source of prevention.
1. Proper treatment builds up our knowledge about the disease which we could use it to
prepare better prevention measures.
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2. Proper treatment denies the deses to be transferred to new host.
3. Proper treatment gives us predictive power using the power of statistics.
Considering these fact we decided to focus automating the system that collect and organize already
committed crimes. These data then can be used for automated reporting, publicizing and predicting
process. Besides of protective policing, this system also help detective that committed crime for
their investigation.
Considering these facts we decided to focus in a way that information technology can give
assistance on proper treatment that can expand to preventive measure selection processes. This
task can be done by automating patient’s data gathering process including vital signs of patients.
These gathered data will then prepared as well organized knowledgebase that can be used for any
further researches and predictions.
The project also benefits the current patient being treated as it helps the health personals by
facilitating the work flow and creating better work environment.
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STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
One of the technologically leading organizations of Ethiopia is the federal police commission. It is a
fact that the commission has developed itself n every health facilities, patient treatment is not
usually supported by information communication technology. It is observable that there is
advancement in other technologies in these facilities. But even in the most technologically
advanced health centers, patient records (especially vital sign records) are being taken on paper.
This fact leads to the following problems.
1. Patient data may be recorded late or early.
A nurse who has to take the vital signs in the proper time may forget to take it, do it late
or may want to do it earlier for personal reasons. In all cases the nurse can fill the form
any time and cheat the system since it only require a paper to be filled.
2. The forms that are being used to record vital sign of the patient is not centralized
These forms usually placed beside the patient’s bed that the only way to access them
is to go there. For the same fact as a reason, it is also impossible to get multiple
patients data at the same time.
3. Statistics and research based on these data is almost impossible
Unless there is deliberate data collection done for specific research, the usual taken
data are not available for external users of the data
Summing up these facts we found out that the data which are being taken from each patient could
be very useful not only for the patient but also for the health improvement. The data could be
centralized and organized so that any research could start basing on them. It also could be used for
prediction and prevention of health problems that are not occurred yet. While that is true, just
because there is no system developed to handle the data flow, these data lost on papers and cost a
lot for anyone who try to get them.
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OBJECTIVE
The objective of this project is to develop easy to use fast and effective software system that can be
used to
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Support data collection: it provide interface that the nurse could easily collect vital
signs, provide error free environment and also control the nurse to collect the data in
time. Report frailer to collect the data in time for administrative bodies.
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Handle data communication: Automatically place the data feed by the nurse available
to all legitimate users. After it is set according to the policy of the facility, the data
transportation handled by the system automatically without the concern of the nurse
collected them.
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Automate data organization and presentation: After the data placed, the system
automatically prepare reports, summaries and organize them with or without help of
anyone.
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Support prediction and decision making: applying probability theory and machine
leaning skill, the system can support the decision making and prediction process. It may
provide the probability of occurrence of particular disease which help to make decision
on preparing on privation of that disease.
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Make updated data available for further research: central statistical agency severs
statistical data on their website www.csa.gov.et. In this website it is observable that
there is a lack of current feed to their collection. Most of the statistics being served
including health related information are four to six year old. Thus this system is very
important to access up-to-date data.
SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
This system is a system composed of three sub systems. Each having their own functionality,
together they build up the hall system. The subsystems can be independently developed and my
reused as a component of other system related to this system. The following explains the
subsystems.
1. Patient data feeding system(PDFS)
This sub system is responsible for proper data feed of the current situation of patients. It is
also responsible to send row data for LCO. This sub system installed parallel to every
patient. It contains interface that help nurses to feed data for this sub system.
2. Local centralized organizer(LCO)
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This sub system is responsible for organizing data feed from PDFS from a given ward and
make them available for every personal in that ward. It is also responsible to send
organized data for the CSB.
3. Central Statistical base(CSB)
This sub system is responsible for accumulation, analyze and organize data received from
LCOs in a given region or country level. This sub-system will be highly sophisticated system
to be powerful using different data manipulating tools to generate reports and resolution
making support.
The sub systems composed as shown in the following figure.
Figure 1: Block diagram of the system.
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SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
To show the significance of this project we mapped its deliverables to potential users. The users of
this system are the following.
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The patient on treatment: the system at LCO level can present the vital signs to
simplest possible way to be understood by the patient. It can show these values with
respect to the normal values and show the range or difference of these values so that the
patient could understand his/her situation.
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The nurse treating the patient: The system will make it easy to collect data and to
make the nurse error free. The interface at LCO is capable of checking errors and
guiding the nurse to maintain the quality of the data.
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Physicians who are related to the patient: The system at PDFS level can organize
data from number of patients in the facility and organize them. This sub system can
present the data for physicians. It can prioritize treatments, summaries, queue and alert
special treatment when needed.
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Administrators of the facility: The system at PDFS level also generates report on
overall statistics of the facility. The administration of the facility can get the report on
 Wither there is data not taken, late or early taken data from any patient
in the facility
 Result of the treatment given to the patient
 Statistical data on what are the most frequent case being treated in that
facility and what is the capability of the facility on that treatment.
These reports support the administration to make decision. It could also support it to
work with community on preventive masseurs.
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Health ministry and all organization related to it: The system at CSB level allows
these organizations to have the big picture on the situation of health status of the region
they are working or the country (in case of health ministry). It could initiate researches,
support them with statistical data and monitor the result of the research. With the help
of extended software it can predict the situation of health for the future.
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Central Statistical agency: The central statistical agency currently serves statistics
with great luck of being up-to-date. This system can increase the quality of the data and
decrease the cost and effort wasted to collect these data for the agency.
FEASIBILITY
This system, as discussed before, is composed of three sub systems. To justify the feasibility of the
system we intended to show it in three levels. These are development, deployment and usability. In
each level we show the feasibility of each sub system and their integration.
1. D EVELOPMENT FEASIBILITY
a. PDFS: it is composition of data entry form, verification program, local database and
client application that send data to LCO
b. LCO: This sub system is somehow more complicated than LCO. It consists server
based application that collects data from LCOs and prepare report for local users
such as nurses and physicians.
c. CSB: It is a system based on well-organized knowledgebase (summarized and wide
range database) with programs help for analyses and organize the data. These
programs are
i. Pattern analysis program
ii. Classification program
iii. Prediction program
d. Integration: the integration of these sub systems are made by three layer clientserver design pattern. Each sub systems are connected with client-server protocol
that the middle sub system (LCO) will act as both client (of CSB) and server (for
PDFS).
As shown in brake down structure, all the system is feasible to be developed and has no
complex or sophisticated structure that can apprehend the feasibility of the development.
2. D EPLOYMENT FEASIBILITY
To deploy this system needs the cooperation of organization in different level. LCO and PDFS are
implemented in organization where they have direct contact with patients like health stations,
clinic and hospitals. In some facility it is possible to implement one entry point (a computer with
PDFS sub system installed) for each patient. But for other cases where it is not possible to assign
one data entry point for each patient, it is possible to use one data entry point for a room (7 to 10
patients). If even this case is impossible it could be implemented as one entry point for the entire
facility. In this case the LCO and the PDFS are implemented on one computer.
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In all case the system will be functional. There will be slight deference on performance of nurses
depending on the position of the entry point.
CSB is easier for deployment. That is because only one CSB needed on a region. CSB requires
relatively higher amount of data storage, processer and operational memory (RAM). However the
fact that it is very few in number the health ministry is capable of investing for its deployment.
3. U SABILITY FEASIBILITY
In each layer of the sub system the usability of the system and the expected user are proportional.
While traversing from CSB to LCO to PDFS the usability of the system increases and the expected
user capability decreases therefore, for cases where training is necessary, the training intensity
corresponds the number of users to be trained.
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CONCLUSION
In the current age (information age) it is not tolerable not to have accurate data for such important
issues as health. With the fact that health problems are impairing our holistic development, it is
vital to monitor health situation of the country. This project will allow our government to have
overall view of health of the country. If implemented in country level it gives a power of knowing
what type of disease is common for which place. Which places are in control and which are not?
And that leads to help in allocating the resource and focus of health sectors.
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REFERENCE
1. The top five digital breakthroughs for policing – and five yet to
come,http://www.theguardian.com/public-leaders-network/2014/mar/12/digital-policebreakthroughs-technology,accesed Friday, March 14, 2014
2. Message from the Commissioner:
http://www.federalpolice.gov.et/message/viewdetailmessage.php ,accessed Friday, March 14,
2014
3. Ethiopia country profile. Library of Congress Federal Research Division (April 2005). This
article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
4. Healthcare in Ethiopia, http://www.moh.gov.et/; http://www.ethiomedic.com/
5. Health Sector Development Plan; http://www.ethiomedic.com/
6. Yayehyirad Kitaw, Yemane Ye-Ebiyo, Amir Said, Hailay Desta, and Awash Teklehaimanot,
"Assessment of the Training of the First Intake of Health Extension Workers", The Ethiopian
Journal of Health Development, 21 (2007), pp. 232 - 239 (accessed 15 June 2009)
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Report
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2005." (Calverton: Macro International, 2008), p. 13 (accessed 28 January 2009)
9. Bodeker, Gerard: Planning for Cost-effective Traditional Health Services. International
Symposium on Traditional Medicine. 11–13 September 2000.
10. Pankhurst, Richard.: A Historical Examination of Traditional Ethiopian Medicine. Ethiopian
Medical Journal, 3:157-172 (1965).
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