Essential Biology 6.3 & 11.1 Defense Against Infectious Disease (Core & AHL)
Student Name:
Blog resource: http://tinyurl.com/268qtly
Due Date:
Candidate Number: 002171-
Click4Biology: http://tinyurl.com/2dkj49q
Cite all sources using the CSE method (or ISO 690 Numerical in Word). The first example has been done for you.
Highlight all objective 1 command terms in yellow and complete these before class. Highlight all objective 2 and 3
command terms in green – these will be part of the discussions in class. After class, go back and review them. Link
thoughts are for discussions and review only – you don’t need to answer them here unless you want to.
Complete the self-assessment rubric before submitting to Moodle. Avoid printing this if possible.
1. Define pathogen.
“An organism or virus that causes disease.” (1 p. 49)
2. List some examples of illness which are pathogenic and non-pathogenic.
Pathogenic:
Non-pathogenic:
3. Outline one example of an infection by each of the following types of pathogens:
Type of pathogen
BACTERIA
Example disease
Cholera
Pathogen
Vibrio cholerae
Method of
transmission
Contaminated
drinking water or
food
Symptoms
Severe diarrhea
and vomiting
Treatment
Urgent oral
rehydration,
antibiotics
Dangers
Death by
dehydration
VIRUS
FUNGI
PROTOZOA
4. Explain why antibiotics can be used to treat bacterial infections but not viruses.
Link thought: how does overuse of antibiotics lead to antibiotic resistance?
Stephen Taylor
Bandung International School
http://sciencevideos.wordpress.com
Essential Biology 6.3 & 11.1 Defense Against Infectious Disease (Core & AHL)
Student Name:
Due Date:
Candidate Number: 002171-
5. In the space below, draw and annotate two simple line graphs to distinguish between the action
of bacteriostatic and bacteriocidal antibiotics:
Link thought: how does overuse of antibiotics lead to antibiotic resistance?
6. Outline the role of skin and mucous membranes in primary defense (acting as barriers against
pathogens):
Skin is a tough barrier
Hairs, e.g. nose
Mucous, such as in
nose, airways
Acidic conditions (e.g.
stomach and vagina)
Lysozymes
Natural organisms
7. State the functions of the following components of the blood:
Erythrocytes
Platelets
Plasma
Leukocytes (white blood cells)
Phagocytes
Lymphocytes
B-Cells
Macrophages
T-Cells
Stephen Taylor
Bandung International School
http://sciencevideos.wordpress.com
Essential Biology 6.3 & 11.1 Defense Against Infectious Disease (Core & AHL)
Student Name:
Due Date:
Candidate Number: 002171-
8. Blood clotting is an example of a metabolic pathway.
Describe the process of blood clotting.
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9. Outline how phagocytic leukocytes ingest pathogens in the blood and body tissues.
Method of membrane
transport:
How does it work?
10. Distinguish between antibodies and antigens.
Antibody
A globular protein. (revise levels of protein structure)
Produced as part of the immune response.
Specific to the antigen on the pathogen – the antigen binding
site is analogous to the active site of an enzyme.
Link thought: how is this important in ABO blood typing and how is that an example of codominance?
Stephen Taylor
Bandung International School
http://sciencevideos.wordpress.com
Essential Biology 6.3 & 11.1 Defense Against Infectious Disease (Core & AHL)
Student Name:
Due Date:
Candidate Number: 002171-
11. Explain clonal selection as a basis for immunity.
There are many different types of lymphocytes in the
immune system.
Link thought: antibodies are globular proteins produced by lymphocytes. Explain how the final antibody
is produced from the genetic information in the lymphocyte nucleus, to a level of detail appropriate to
your level of study.
12. Briefly describe the principle of polyclonal selection.
13. State the role of memory cells following an infection.
14. Define active and passive immunity.
Active:
Passive:
15. State examples of the following types of immunity.
Active
Natural
Artificial
Stephen Taylor
Bandung International School
Passive
Natural
Artificial
http://sciencevideos.wordpress.com
Essential Biology 6.3 & 11.1 Defense Against Infectious Disease (Core & AHL)
Student Name:
Due Date:
Candidate Number: 002171-
16. Explain how antibodies are produced.
Use the following terms: pathogen, phagocyte, epitope (antigen), helper T-cell, B-cell, clone,
plasma cell, antibody.
 Pathogen is ingested by a macrophage.
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17. Explain the principles of vaccination.
 Antigen is introduced to the body
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18. Discuss the benefits and potential dangers of
vaccinations.
Benefits
Eradication of diseases, such as smallpox.
Potential Dangers
Further reading: “The Media’s MMR Hoax” http://www.badscience.net/2008/08/the-medias-mmr-hoax/
In this article, Dr Ben Goldacre debunks the dangerous myth that the MMR vaccine is linked to autism.
This was a case of very poor science reporting by a poor newspaper, based on poor scientific research.
The resulting panic resulted in dropping MMR vaccination uptake rates.
Ethical discussion: What are the ethical considerations of enforced vaccination programmes?
Stephen Taylor
Bandung International School
http://sciencevideos.wordpress.com
Essential Biology 6.3 & 11.1 Defense Against Infectious Disease (Core & AHL)
Student Name:
Due Date:
Candidate Number: 002171-
19. Define the terms HIV and AIDS
HIV =
AIDS =
20. Outline the effects of HIV on the immune system.
Effect on lymphocytes
Effect on antibody production
Effect on health
21. Discuss the cause, transmission and social implications of HIV/AIDS.
Cause
Methods of transmission
Social implications
22. Outline some of the economic impacts of HIV in the developing world.
Stephen Taylor
Bandung International School
http://sciencevideos.wordpress.com
Essential Biology 6.3 & 11.1 Defense Against Infectious Disease (Core & AHL)
Student Name:
Due Date:
Candidate Number: 002171-
23. The graph below shows the progression of a typical case of HIV. CD4 cells are those attacked by
the HIV virus. Once levels of these lymphocytes drop below a critical value, the immune system
is no longer able to fight infection and AIDS is diagnosed.
a. State the CD4 cell count at which AIDS is likely to be diagnosed.
b. Deduce, with a reason, the period in which a person infected with HIV is most likely to pass
it on to someone else.
c. Describe the effects of HIV on the immune system over time.
d. Identify the period in which other illnesses are most likely to result in death.
Stephen Taylor
Bandung International School
http://sciencevideos.wordpress.com
Essential Biology 6.3 & 11.1 Defense Against Infectious Disease (Core & AHL)
Student Name:
Due Date:
Candidate Number: 002171-
24. HPV is a sexually-transmitted virus which is the leading cause of cervical cancer in women.
a. List three other sexually transmitted infections.
b. Suggest how a virus could cause cancer.
c. Describe how the following can protect women:
HPV vaccine
Regular PAP smears
Link thought: review how cancer develops, as well as biotechnology and gene therapy
25. Monoclonal antibodies are produced industrially for use in medicine.
a. State three uses of monoclonal antibodies
Diagnosis of condition
Pregnancy test kits, heart attack detection
Diagnosis of infection
Treatment
b. Describe the industrial process of monoclonal antibody production.
Refer to B-cells, tumours and hybridomas.
 Immune response is stimulated in a lab animal
 Specific B-cells are harvested
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c. Compare the processes used to produce monoclonal antibodies and insulin.
Stephen Taylor
Bandung International School
http://sciencevideos.wordpress.com
Essential Biology 6.3 & 11.1 Defense Against Infectious Disease (Core & AHL)
Student Name:
Due Date:
Candidate Number: 002171-
Works Cited
1. Allott, Andrew. IB Study Guide: Biology for the IB Diploma. s.l. : Oxford University Press, 2007. 978-019-915143-1.
2. Mindorff, D and Allott, A. Biology Course Companion. Oxford : Oxford University Press, 2007. 978099151240.
3. Clegg, CJ. Biology for the IB Diploma. London : Hodder Murray, 2007. 978-0340926529.
4. Campbell N., Reece J., Taylor M., Simon. E. Biology Concepts and Connections. San Fransisco :
Pearson Benjamin Cummings, 2006. 0-8053-7160-5.
5. Taylor, Stephen. Science Video Resources. [Online] Wordpress, 2010.
http://sciencevideos.wordpress.com.
6. Burrell, John. Click4Biology. [Online] 2010. http://click4biology.info/.
7. IBO. Biology Subject Guide. [Online] 2007. http://xmltwo.ibo.org/publications/migrated/productionapp2.ibo.org/publication/7/part/2/chapter/1.html.
Self Assessment:
Essential Biology
Criterion
Presentation &
Organisation
Academic
Honesty
Objective 1
understanding
Objective 2
understanding
Objective3
understanding
Logic, notation,
mathematical
working
Further research
Assessment
Complete (2)
Partially complete (1)
NA
Complete and neat. All command terms
highlighted, tables and diagrams well presented.
Self
Sources cited using the CSE (ISO 690 numerical)
method, with Works Cited section complete and
correct.
All answers for the following command terms
Most answers for the following command terms
correct:
correct:
Define
Draw
Label
List
Measure State
Most answers for the following command terms
All answers for the following command terms correct:
correct:
Annotate Apply
Calculate Describe Distinguish Estimate Identify
Outline
Most answers for the following command terms
All answers for the following command terms correct:
correct:
Analyse Comment Compare Construct Deduce Derive Design Determine Discuss
Evaluate
Explain Predict
Show Solve
Sketch Suggest
Answers are presented in a logical and concise
manner. SI units used most times, with correct
NA
unit symbols and definitions of terms. All
mathematical working shown.
Evidence is apparent of research and reading
beyond the textbook and presentations to find
correct answers to challenging questions. If any
NA
questions are unanswered, this criterion scores
zero.
NA
Total (max 10):
Stephen Taylor
Bandung International School
http://sciencevideos.wordpress.com
MrT