Civil Rights in
the ATL!!!
3/5/2014
Montgomery Bus
Boycott
Civil Rights in GA and the ATL
Rosa Parks being fingerprinted, 1955
With your partner discuss how important was
non-violent protest to the success of the Civil
Rights Movement.
3/25/2013
Montgomery Bus
Boycott
Sibley
Commission
Civil Rights in GA and the ATL
Brown v. Board of Education
Reaction in the South to Brown v. Board of Education
was immediate
• Gov. Marvin Griffin(1955- 1959)
spent most of his 4 years in office
pushing for “massive resistance”
• General Assembly went as far as to close
Georgia’s public schools rather than be
integrated --- laws never enforced
• 1960 with election of Gov. Ernest Vandiver
changes in attitudes began
The Sibley Commission
• Gov. Vandiver called for hearings to be held over
the state
• These hearings were known as the Sibley Commission
• Sibley commission: found the public willing to close
schools rather than integrate
• Commission recommended school systems be allowed
to decide whether to integrate schools or not
• 1961: token integration began in Atlanta Public
schools
With your partner discuss
what your thoughts and
feelings might have been if
you were a young African
American who went to a rundown and ill-equipped
school when you heard
about the Sibley
Commissions findings?
3/25/2013
Montgomery Bus
Boycott
Sibley
Commission
Albany
Movement
Civil Rights in GA and the ATL
The Albany Movement
Protesters march down Broad Street during the Albany
movement.
Blacks were protesting the segregation of bus waiting rooms in
Albany, Georgia.
Over 500 blacks were imprisoned during the year of nonviolent
protests.
With your partner
discuss what lessons
might have been
learned by those
fighting for civil rights
during the
Albany Movement.
3/25/2013
Montgomery Bus
Boycott
Sibley
Commission
Albany
Movement
William
Hartsfield
Civil Rights in GA and the ATL
William Hartsfield
He was born in Atlanta, Georgia, and
served as its 49th and 51st Mayor
from 1937 to 1941 and again from
1942 to 1962, making him the
longest-serving mayor in Atlanta history.
Under the administration of William
Hartsfield, racial moderation in
Atlanta included the integration of
city hall, helping foster Atlanta's
image as “The city too busy to hate“.
William Hartsfield promoted civil
rights in Atlanta by integrating the
cities lunch counters and hired the
cities first black police officers.
3/25/2013
Montgomery Bus
Boycott
Sibley
Commission
Albany
Movement
William
Hartsfield
Ivan Allen Jr
Civil Rights in GA and the ATL
One accomplishment
of Ivan Allen Jr. He took
a stand against
segregation in Atlanta.
By integrating the city’s
fire department and
removed the “colored”
and “white” signs from
City Hall.
He was also for bringing
professional athletic teams to
the city!!!
With your
partner discuss
how different
Atlanta would
be today if not
for Hartsfield &
Allen.
Also what was meant by “The city too busy to hate“
3/25/2013
Montgomery Bus
Boycott
Sibley
Commission
Albany
Movement
William
Hartsfield
Lester Maddox
Civil Rights in GA and the ATL
Lester Maddox, a successful
Atlanta restaurateur first
decides to close his business
rather than serve African
Americans. He then goes on to
run for Governor of Georgia and
WINS!!!
Lester Maddox is elected as the
segregationist governor in 1967
but then goes to appoint more
African Americans to state
boards and commissions than
all previous governors
combined. He also went on to
integrated the state parole
board and State Patrol.
3/25/2013
Montgomery Bus
Boycott
Sibley
Commission
Albany
Movement
William
Hartsfield
Ivan Allen Jr
Maynard
Jackson
Civil Rights in GA and the ATL
Maynard Jackson, the cities first
African American Mayor,
served three terms, two
consecutive terms from 1974
until 1982 and a third term from
1990 to 1994.
He helped improve race
relations throughout the city
and oversaw a major expansion
to the airport.
Maynard Jackson
3/25/2013
Montgomery Bus
Boycott
Sibley
Commission
Albany
Movement
William
Hartsfield
Ivan Allen Jr
Maynard
Jackson
Andrew Young
Civil Rights in GA and the ATL
The next mayor of Atlanta,
former Georgia Congressman, Andrew
Jackson Young, was instrumental in
bringing the Olympics to Atlanta.
Andrew Jackson Young
With your
partner discuss
how different
Atlanta would
be today if not
for Jackson &
Young.
3/25/2013
Montgomery Bus
Boycott
Sibley
Commission
Albany
Movement
William
Hartsfield
Ivan Allen Jr
Maynard
Jackson
Andrew Young
Companies
move to GA
Civil Rights in GA and the ATL
Because of the work of these men and
other great leaders, many national and
international companies began to look at
the Mild Climate, Low Tax Rates,
Few/weak unions,
Transportation
(airports/railroads/inter
states) and decide to
locate in or around
Atlanta, GA.
3/25/2013
Montgomery Bus
Boycott
Sibley
Commission
Albany
Movement
William
Hartsfield
Maynard
Jackson
Andrew Young
Companies
move to GA
Georgia Flag
Controversy
Civil Rights in GA and the ATL
The Georgia
state flag of
1956
Twenty-first century adherents of the 1956 flag claimed that the flag was designed to
commemorate the upcoming Civil War Centennial that five years away. Critics, including
Georgia Congressman John Lewis, assert it was only adopted as a symbol of racist
protest, especially against the decision of Brown v. Board of Education. A federal appeals
court noted in 1997 that the 1956 bill changing the flag was enacted "when the state's
public leaders were implementing a campaign of massive resistance to the Supreme
Court's school desegregation rulings." Other measures passed that year included bills
rejecting Brown v. Board and following up on then-Governor Marvin Griffin's
announcement that "The rest of the nation is looking to Georgia for the lead in
segregation."
The Georgia
state flag of
1956
Opponents felt that the flag of 1956 represented
the past instead of looking toward the future,
damaged Georgia’s tourist industry, and was a
symbol of slavery.
The Georgia
state flag of
2001
In 1992, Governor Zell Miller announced his intention to get the battle
flag element removed, but the state legislature refused to pass any flagmodifying legislation. The matter was dropped after the 1993 legislative
session. Many Atlanta residents and some Georgia politicians refused to
fly the 1956 flag and flew the pre-1956 flag instead.
Miller's successor as Governor, Roy Barnes, responded to the increasing
calls for a new state flag, and in 2001 hurried a replacement through the
Georgia General Assembly.
The Georgia
state flag of
2003
In 2002, Sonny Perdue was elected Governor of Georgia, partially on a
platform of allowing Georgians to choose their own flag in a state
referendum.
The 2003 flag legislation also authorized a public referendum on which
of the two most recent flags (the 2001 and 2003 versions) would be
officially adopted as the flag of the state. The referendum took place
during the state's March 2, 2004 presidential primary election. If the
2003 flag was rejected, the pre-2001 design would have been put to a
vote. The 2003 design won 73.1% of the vote in the referendum.
The Georgia state flag of 2003
Part of the state’s motto “Wisdom, Justice, Moderation” is represented
on the flag and in the pledge of allegiance to the Georgia flag.
4th Quarter Units 1-2 Study Guide
Directions- Construct this Study Guide in a Cornell Note Format!!!
People- Who are they, what did they do in GA History, to Fight Racism, Greatest Contributions…
Martin Luther King JR
Ellis Arnell
Hamilton Holmes
Carl Sanders
William Hartsfield
Maynard Jackson
Benjamin Elijah Mays
Herman Talmadge
Ivan Allen
First AA Mayor of ATL
Andrew Young
Rosa Parks
Charlayne Hunter
Lester Maddox
First AA Congressman in 20th C.
Events- Who, what, when, where…
3 Governors
Increase of companies
March on Washington, D.C.
Getting Pro Sports
Sibley Commission
Increase of suburbs
Georgia state flag of 1956
Getting New Flag
Decline of Farmers
Albany Movement
Getting Olympics
Brown v. Board of Education
Voting Rights Act
Fair Housing Act
Plessy v. Ferguson
Legal ItemsCivil Rights Act of 1964
14th Amendment