The Missouri Compromise of 1820
& Manifest Destiny
How did the
Missouri
Compromise resolve
a conflict between
the North and
South?
How did the idea of
Manifest Destiny
affect Mexicans and
Native Americans?
Westward Expansion and the Consequences it Brings
U.S. Boundary Settlements, 1818 and 1819
Oregon Country
Claimed by
U.S. &
Britain
British
Territory
Canada
U.S.
Mexico
(New Spain)
Territory gained:
Adams-Onís Treaty
of 1819 with Spain
(including new southwest
border line)
Convention of 1818
with Great Britain
(including new north border
line)
*In the spirit of Nationalism, the U.S. wanted to expand the
country’s borders.
*The U.S. and Canada agree on the 49th parallel (latitude) and
the boundary between the two countries as far as the Rocky
Mountains.
*Spain gives up control of Florida and the Oregon Country after
tense negotiations.
*The U.S. borders now spread from the Atlantic to Pacific
oceans.
The Missouri Compromise, 1820–1821
Claimed by U.S. & G.B.
Oregon Country
Claimed by U.S. & G.B.
British Territory
VT
NH
Unorganized
Territory
Michigan
Territory
NY
36°30’ Missouri
Compromise Line
Free States& Territories
IL
Arkansas
Territory
Slave States & Territories
Closed to Slavery by Missouri Compromise
Open to Slavery by Missouri Compromise
DE
KY
NC
TN
SC
AL
MS
NJ
CT
OH
IN
VA
Missouri
Slave State,
1821
MA
RI
PA
New Spain
(Mexico)
Maine
GA
LA
Florida
Territory
MD
The Debate
In the North
The South
 Wanted to ban slavery in
 Worried that free states
Missouri
 Maine, which was a part of
Massachusetts, wanted
statehood
would have the majority in
Congress
 Felt that the Constitution did
not give Congress the power
to ban slavery
The Compromise, 1820
 Henry Clay, the Speaker of the House, saw an
opportunity for compromise.
 He suggested admitting Maine as a free state and
Missouri as a slave state, keeping the balance between
the number of slave and free states, and the balance of
power in Congress
 The Missouri Compromise also banned slavery in the
Louisiana Territory, north of the 36° 30’ parallel
 Thomas Jefferson, at 80, worried that this might
destroy the country
Manifest Destiny
 The belief that America is destined to stretch across
the continent from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific
Ocean
 “Our manifest destiny [is] to overspread and possess
the whole of the continent which Providence (God)
has given us for the development of the great
experiment of liberty and.....self-government.” John
O’Sullivan, United States Magazine and Democratic
Review
 Manifest = clear, obvious
The Oregon Trail
 By the 1840’s thousands of Americans had moved into
the Oregon Territory.
 Presidential hopeful, James K. Polk, used the Oregon
Territory as a platform for election. His slogan ‘Fiftyfour forty or fight!’ referred to the 54° 40’ N latitude.
This was the northern most boundary of the Oregon
Territory.
 Rather than fight, Great Britain and the U.S. settled for
the 49th parallel as the northern boundary in 1846.
 The border stands today between the U.S. & Canada.
The California Gold Rush
How did the California
Gold Rush affect the
growth of our country?
California Gold Rush, 1849
California
Before the Gold Rush
After the Gold Rush
 150,000 Native Americans
 1849-Forty-niners rushed to




lived there
6,000 ‘Californios’, of
Mexican descent lived there
Controlled by prominent
Spanish families
Mexico feared American
immigration
1 Swiss immigrant allowed:
John Sutter-his mill is where
gold was discovered




California in search of gold
People from all over the world
immigrated to California in
search of gold, about 250,000
By 1851, one out of every ten
immigrants was Chinese
Big cities sprouted up in
California
By 1852 the Gold Rush was
over
Other Changes to the U.S.
U.S. Expansion, 1846 - 1853
Cause
Effect
Westward trails move thousands to
new territories
Oregon Territory acquired by the U.S.
Austin and others colonize Texas
Texas Revolution
United States annexes Texas
War with Mexico
Mexican Cession acquired by the U.S.
U.S. expands ‘sea to sea’
Transcontinental railroad route needed
Gadsden Purchase
Thousands of gold seekers rush to
California
California becomes a state
1873, Levi Strauss invents
Sturdy pants to sell to miners. Made of
heavy cotton denim, the pockets were
reinforced with copper rivets to prevent
them from ripping from the weight of
heavy tools.
Women found that out that
their skills for homemaking
were needed in California.
They made money by feeding
miners and opening hotels.