•How many chromosomes would be in gamete cells?
21
•How many chromosomes
would be in muscle cells?
42
•How many chromosomes
would be in sperm cells?
21
•Is this a male or female rat?
male
Warm Up
1. The two sister chromatids have identical
_______________.
2. Drosophila (fruit fly) has 4 pairs of
chromosomes.
a. How many total chromosomes do their
somatic cells have?
b. How many total chromosomes do their
gametes have?
Secret Life of DNA Video
Complete the worksheet as you watch the video.
Worksheet will be collected at the end of the
video.
60 minute
Warm Up
1.) How are proteins made
(relationship between DNA and a
ribosome)?
2.) The Agrodiaetus Butterfly has
268 total chromosomes. How
many chromosomes do their
gametes have?
3.) What part of your body is not
made of cells and therefore does
not contain DNA?
Amoeba Sisters: Cell Cycle & Cancer
Cell Cycle & Cancer Video
Mitosis Introduction: Mitosis Foldable
6 Door Foldable Instructions:
Step 1:
Fold paper in half “hamburger” style.
Step 2:
Fold in top and bottoms sides in to meet at the
folded line.
Step 3:
Cut 2 slits in the top flap to create 3 doors.
Cut 2 slits in the bottom flap to create 3 doors.
You should have 6 total doors.
Cycle Cycle Phase Names: Front of Flap
pg 422-523
Interphase
Mitosis Phase 1: Prophase
Mitosis Phase 2: Metaphase
Mitosis Phase 3: Anaphase
Mitosis Phase 4: Telophase
Cytokinesis
Cycle Cycle Phase Descriptions: Inside Flap
Division into two
daughter cells is
completed. The
cells that lack a cell
wall pinch in two.
Cells with a
cell wall form a cell
plate to separate the
two new
cells.
Before Mitosis
begins,
chromosomes are
copied. Each
chromosome is then
two chromatids.
A nuclear membrane
forms around each
set of
chromosomes, and
the chromosomes
unwind. Mitosis is
complete.
Mitosis begins. The
nuclear membrane
dissolves.
Chromosomes
condense into rodlike structures.
The chromatids
separate and move
to opposite ends
of the cell.
The chromosomes
line up along the
equator of the
cell. Homologous
chromosomes pair
up.
Cycle Cycle Phase Pictures: Bottom
Warm Up: Have out foldable
1. What are the 6 phases of the cell cycle?
2. A horse had 64 chromosomes. A donkey
has 62 chromosomes. How many
chromosomes will the mule have as a result
of this union?
3. What phase does this
picture represent?
BEST Mitosis song EVER!
*Note:
Prometaphase is
sometimes
included as an
extra step
between prophase
and metaphase.
Cell Cycle Notes
•Cell Cycle is the pattern of division & growth
of a cell.
•It involves the copy & distribution of the
genome into 2 daughter cells.
•Genome is a cell’s total hereditary
information or the entire genetic code.
•It takes place inside the somatic cells of
humans with the exception of red blood cells &
certain nerve cells.
3 Functions of Cell Cycle
The cell cycle serves 3 main functions…
1. Reproduction
•In single‐celled organisms, 2 separate
individual organisms are the result of the
cell cycle.
2. Growth & Development
• In multicellular organisms, rapid copying of cells via the
cell cycle add to the growing organism.
3. Tissue & renewal
• In multicellular organisms that
have reached maximum growth,
the cell cycle renews & replaces
older cells to maintain and
organism’s size & function.
Mitosis Flipbook Notes (Extra Practice)
Use the class copy to fill in the blanks and copy
the pictures onto your Cell Cycle notes
SLAP THE PHASE!
-The Room will be divided into 2 teams.
-One person from each team will come up to the
board.
- The teacher will read out a description of ONE
phase from the cell cycle.
-Whoever slaps the correct phase first- wins a
point for their team!
-Team members are allowed to help- but everyone
will be listening, so be careful!
SLAP THE PHASE
Team 1 points:
Team 2 points:
INTERPHASE
METAPHASE
ANAPHASE
TELOPHASE
CYTOKINESIS
PROPHASE
Warm Up
Riddle Time! (Be prepared to share!)
Write a riddle about one of the phases of the
cell cycle.
*Example:
I am the phase where the chromosomes form.
The nuclear membrane disappears.
Who am I?
Amoeba Sisters: Mitosis
Mitosis Video
Mitosis Worksheet
Practice Worksheet Packet
Due at the end of the period…..OR
You must finish for HOMEWORK!
Strawberry
DNA
Lab
Warm up: Please
Sit at a lab station
and start reading
over the
GMO Warm Up
GMOs are a hot topic in the news. GMO stands for
“genetically modified organism”. 80% of the
American population believes there should be
labels for GMOs on food. Do you agree that GMOs
are bad for your health and should therefore be
labeled? Why or why not?
(Remember- most Americans in this
survey know just as much about GMOs
as you do!)
Pros and Cons of GMOs
Pros:
●
More food: These plants can help farmers boost
their yield by making crops that can live through a
drought or the cold and resist disease. Backers
say GM products will help us feed the extra 2
billion people that will fill the planet by 2050.
●
Less stress on the environment: Supporters
say using science to make the changes is better
for the planet than older farming methods. Crops
built to resist pests lower farmers’ need for toxic
chemical pesticides.
●
Better products: Scientists can create crops that
contain vital nutrients. Swiss researchers created
a strain of “golden” rice with high amounts of
beta-carotene. Monsanto produced soybeans
with lots of heart-healthy omega-3 fatty acids.
Other crops, like papaya and cassava, can be
made to withstand disease.
Cons:
●
The rise of superweeds: Crops built to
withstand herbicides could breed with each other
and transfer their genes to weeds. These
“superweeds” would also beat the herbicides.
●
Health problems: The process often mixes or
adds proteins that don’t exist in the original plant.
GMO foes fear these will create new allergic
reactions.
●
"Frankenfood" fears: The long-term effects of
adding new genes to common crops are still
unclear. While the industry and health leaders
cite hundreds of studies to support its safety, not
to mention 20 years of animal tested data, Some
experts say there are studies that show bad
effects on animals.
GMO Warm Up:
Would you change your original answer?
How can public opinion be influenced on a
difficult scientific breakthrough? (family, friends,
etc.)
Warm Up:
1. What is cancer?
2. Do you have any experiences with cancer?
3. What do you think are some risk factors
(causes) of cancer?
What is Cancer?
Cancer Risk Factors:
Cancer Risk Factors:
What is Cancer?
Faces of Cancer
Each group of 3-4 gets one
folder with 4 profiles in it.
Each person chooses ONE
profile to read.
Read your profile individually,
then answer worksheet
questions as a group.
Warm Up: Nature vs. Nurture
Having a family history of cancer is NATUREyou are born with it and cannot change it.
Risk factors (causes of cancer) is NURTURE- it
is in your environment.
1. Name 3 more things that are in your “nature.”
(Things you are born with and cannot
change.)
2. Name 3 things that have influenced who you
are - “Nurture”
Bill Nye “Genetic Diversity”
Downloaded Video from Vimeo.
Worksheet available
Warm UP:
1. What are two organisms that do asexual
reproduction?
1. If asexual reproduction is easy and happens
quickly, why do some organisms reproduce
sexually?
Asexual Vs. Sexual Reproduction Notes:
•Traits can be passed from generation to generation
through 2 primary methods …
•> Asexual reproduction
•> Sexual reproduction
•Asexual reproduction is the process by which an
organism creates a genetically similar or identical copy
of itself without a contribution of genetic material from
another individual. The subdivision of a cell into two
separate cells.
3 Types of asexual reproduction
1. Binary Fission
2. Viruses
3. Budding
Asexual Reproduction
1. Binary Fission
– Binary fission is the
subdivision of a cell into
two separate cells.
Bacteria divide asexually
via binary fission.
2. Viruses
Viruses take control of host cells to produce more viruses.
3. Budding:
3. Hydras and yeasts are able to reproduce by budding.
• Budding is a form of asexual reproduction in which a new organism
grows on another one.
• The new organism remains attached as it grows, separating from the
parent organism only when it is mature.
• Since the reproduction is asexual, the newly
created organism is a clone and is genetically
identical to the parent organism.
Sexual Reproduction
•When a single specialized cell from a female merges
with a specialized cell from a male.
•Fertilization is a type of sexual reproduction where the is a
fusion of male (sperm) and female (egg) sex cells.
•The fertilized egg cell, carrying genetic information from
each parent, multiplies to form the complete organism.
Sexual Reproduction (continued)
•In organisms that have two sexes, typically half of the
genes come from each parent (this is the case for
humans).
•Sexual reproduction allows organisms to have diverse
genes, and therefore can survive different diseases.
Warm Up:
1. What are some pros and cons for asexual
reproduction?
1. What are some pros and cons for sexual
reproduction?
Amoeba Sisters: Meiosis
Meiosis Video
Meiosis Worksheet
Investigating Reproductive
Strategies
What are the advantages and disadvantages of sexual and asexual
reproduction? Is one “better” than the other? You are an Ecologist
who wants to find out. To answer these questions you decide to
compare 5 aspects of organisms that reproduce sexually with
organisms that reproduce asexually. You will begin your study by
looking at two different organisms. Once your comparisons have
been made, you will share your information with all of the other
ecologists in your class to draw general conclusions about each
method of reproduction.
Warm Up
1. From yesterdays reading, what are some of
the ways plants and animals reproduce?
2. Which was the most interesting to you?
Why?