UNIT 5
The Paragraph
What is a paragraph?
A group of sentences usually having
one main idea.
Read the paragraph below.
An insulator is a
material which does not
allow current to pass
through easily. Rubber,
plastic, and air are good
insulators. They resist
the flow of electrons
through them. Insulator
prevents wires from
touching each other and
completing an electrical
circuit- making a short –
circuit
before
the
electricity can reach the
desired target.
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Notes
It describes insulators
and what they do.
The first line is indented.
All the four sentences
follow one after the
other logically.
Each sentence ends with
a period.
The first word of each
sentence begins with a
capital letter.
Exercise.1
Read this paragraph and then label the parts on the picture below.
A Broom
A broom is a lever.
Your upper hand is
the fulcrum and your
lower hand supplies
the effort force. The
resulting force is put
out at the bristles of
the broom.
Lever (‫ )العتلة‬fulcrum (‫)نقطة اإلرتكاز‬
Effort force (‫ )قوة ُجهد‬bristles (‫)الشعر الخشن‬
resulting force (‫)القوة الناتجة‬
Exercise 2
Look at the picture below and complete the following paragraph.
A Tin opener
An opener is a
lever. The outer rim
of the can is the
fulcrum.Your hand
supplies the effort
force. The resulting
force is put out by
the end under the
lid.
Exercise 3
CD drive
place
mechanical device
presents a menu
make your selection
push
A CD drive
A CD drive is a
mechanical device. A
CD is placed in it.
When it is pushed, it
presents a menu.
Now you can make
your selection.
Main idea sentences
The main idea, or main point, of a
paragraph is contained in the main idea
sentence.
 This sentence gives the reader the
general idea of the paragraph.
 You should write the main idea sentence
at the beginning of your paragraph
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Exercise 4
Read the paragraphs in your book .
What is the main idea sentence of paragraph 1?
a)
Oxygen and iron form iron oxide.
b)
Compounds are often formed in chemical reactions.
c)
One slow chemical reaction is the formation of rust.
What is the main idea sentence of paragraph 2?
a)
Volcanoes build themselves by depositing molten rock and ash.
b)
The Hawaiian Islands were formed by volcanic eruption.
c)
Islands can be formed by volcanic eruption.
What is the main idea sentence of paragraph 3?
a)
Glaciers are major forces in shaping landforms.
b)
Long Islands and Cape Cod are example of terminal moraines.
c)
Glaciers pushed mounds of rock and soil.
What is the main idea sentence of paragraph 4?
a)
Spores grow into new moss plants
b)
Non vascular plants reproduce with spores.
c)
A stalk grows out of a female plant.
Irrelevant Sentences
 Find
one sentence in the paragraph that does
not support the main idea sentence.
Plant stems grow in different directions.
Most plant stems grow up toward the sun.
The leaves of long stemmed plants can reach
sunlight even in shady places. Some stems
even turn during the day, which helps keep
leaves in in the sunlight, too. Other plants
grow sideways instead of up. Narrow tubes
carry water, minerals and food. Whenever
the stems touches the ground, it forms a
root, from which a new plant grows.
Exercise 6
increase
is
applied
meet
A wedge is a simple machine made
up of one or two inclined planes. Their
ends meet along a narrow edge. When a
force is applied to the opposite end, the
thick end of the wedge, the inclined
planes increase the force and change its
direction.