Unit 2
Topic: Foreign Affairs from Imperialism to Post
World War I (1898-1930)
The industrial and territorial growth of the
United States fostered expansion overseas.
Greater involvement in the world set the state
for American participation in World War I and
attempts to preserve post-war peace.
Chapter 1: United States
Imperialism and World War I
Content Statement: As a result of overseas
expansion, the Spanish-American War and World
War I, the United States emerged as a world
power.
Expectations For Learning: Analyze the
circumstances which enabled the United States
to emerge as a world power in the early 1900’s.
Section 1: United States
Imperialism
Content Elaboration: With the closing of the western
frontier, Americans developed favorable attitudes toward
foreign expansion. Pushed along by global competition for
markets and prestige, and expanded navy and a sense of
cultural superiority, the United States engaged in a series
of overseas actions which fostered its move to global
power status. The annexation of Hawaii followed by a
successful conclusion to the Spanish-American War
allowed the United States to join other nations in
imperialist ventures.
Reasons for Imperialism
• Q: What is imperialism?
• A: An attempt to create an empire; when a
country looks to expand its territory
• *Up until the 1890’s, most Americans wanted
to stay isolated. We had oceans on 2 sides
and friendly nations on the other 2 borders.
Our FOREIGN POLICY was isolationism.
Why did we change our foreign policy to
imperialism???????
Reason #1: Economic Growth
1. Businesses wanted to make more $$$$
•
A. Needed foreign markets
•
B. Easy trade
• 2. Raw materials/natural resources
•
A. US could take from new territories
•
1. oil
2. coal
3. timber
Reason #2: Military
 1. Alfred T. Mahan
 Wrote The Influence of Sea Power Upon History
(1890)
 2. This book said: Strong navy = strong
nation
 3. Why???
 a. can protect new nations
 b. use new nations as fueling and supply ports
 4. Within 10 years of book, US had 3rd
largest navy
Reason #3: Psychological Reasons
• 1. Many hoped that interest in foreign affairs
would divert attention from domestic
problems
– Examples:
• crime, dirt, disease in cities
• poor working conditions in factories
• government corruption (city bosses, etc)
Reason #4: Ideological Beliefs
• Charles Darwin: “Survival of the Fittest” and
Social Darwinism: the strongest countries
survive—it is their obligation to take over
other nations
• Manifest destiny
Reason #5: Religious reasons
• duty to spread Christianity
Reason #6: Influence of the Press
• 1. Yellow Press: a type of journalism that
presents little or no legitimate wellresearched news and instead uses eyecatching headlines to sell more newspapers.
– a. told sensational stories on faraway places
– b. examples
• William Randolph Hurst (New York Journal)
• Joseph Pulitzer (New York World)
• *These people argued for expansion
2 of our famous
Yellow Journalists
Summary—6 Reasons for Imperialism
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
E very
M ichigan
P layer
Is
R eally
I diotic
Economic
Military
Psychological
Ideological
Religious
Influence of the
Yellow Press
OGT Multiple Choice
• _____ Alfred T. Mahan, in explaining what
was necessary to keep the United States
strong in the modern world, put forward the
idea that.
• A. the U.S. must sell its products on all
continents.
• B. the nation needed a powerful navy.
• C. the U.S. should build a canal across the
Isthmus of Panama
• D. all of the above
OGT Multiple Choice
• _____ (Blue Book, 2005) What change in
the United States after Reconstruction
was a factor in the rise of imperialism?
• A. Thousands of people were killed in the
Civil War.
• B. Business and industry suffered a severe
decline
• C. Businesses required foreign sources for raw
materials and markets in which to sell their
products
• D. People feared that European nations were an
imminent threat to invade the United States
OGT Multiple Choice
• _____ (Practice Test Booklet 2005) During
the late-19th century the United States
wanted colonies so that
• A. they could provide the colonies with
raw materials
• B. they could get manufactured goods
from the colonies
• C. they could become a market for
products from the colonies
• D. they could get raw materials from the
colonies
OGT Multiple Choice
• _____ Americans favored overseas
expansion in the late 1800’s for all the
following reasons except to
• A. spread Christianity and democracy
• B. acquire bases for United States
security
• C. acquire new markets for trade
• D. halt the spread of Russian influence
OGT Multiple Choice
• _____ (Blue Book, 2005) In his book The
Influence of Sea Power Upon History (1890),
Alfred T. Mahan argued that
• A. the United States was so well protected by
both oceans that a strong navy was not
necessary
• B. most powerful empires relied upon armies
rather than naval power
• C. the U.S. Navy in 1890 was already strong
enough and should not be enlarged
• D. to become a world power, a nation must
possess a strong navy
OGT Multiple Choice
• ____ (Base Test March 2005) One factor
that motivated U.S. imperialism during the
late 19th and early 20 centuries was
• A. development of closer political ties
with European nations
• B. closing of China to all foreign trade
• C. support of international peacekeeping
operations
• D. acquisition of new markets and
sources of raw materials
OGT Multiple Choice
• _____ (Blue Book, 2005) Supporters of
imperialism would be most likely to use
which of the following ideas to argue in
favor of territorial acquisition?
• A. universal suffrage
• B. manifest destiny
• C. self-determination
• D. freedom of religion
OGT Multiple Choice
•
•
•
•
•
_____ An attempt to create an empire is
A. imperialism
B. neutrality
C. isolation
D. rough riding
OGT Extended Response
• Analyze 2 reasons that countries gained
control of territory through imperialism and
the impact on people living in the territory
that was controlled.
OGT Short Answer
• (Blue Book, 2005) If you were a person
living in a territory that was being taken
over by the United States, how would
you feel about possibly revolting?
The Spanish-American War
• 1. BACKGROUND
• A. Spain controlled Cuba
• B. The U.S. wanted to control Cuba (only 90
miles from Florida)
• C. The Cubans wanted independence
• D. There was a war between Spanish and
Cubans
• E. Spanish tortured Cubans in concentration
camps
•
1. Many died of disease or starved
• 2. Yellow Press
– a. started writing stories about Spanish atrocities
against Cubans
– b. public wants war vs. Spain!
– c. Pres. Cleveland did not give in
– d. Pres. McKinley did not give in at first
– ***Public opinion grew louder and louder
for war vs. Spain!
President William McKinley
“Remember the Maine”
•
•
•
•
•
•
a.
b.
c.
d.
was a U.S. battleship that was in Cuba
it blew up
260 killed
Yellow Press blamed the Spanish
--they really didn’t do it!
e. “Remember the Maine!”
The Philippines
• Fighting actually begins in The Philippines
• Ass. Secretary of Navy, Theodore Roosevelt,
orders navy to attack the Spanish fleet in the
Philippines
• Man in charge: Commodore George Dewey
• US navy overwhelms Spanish
• Aug. 13, 1898, US has control of the
Philippines
Theodore Roosevelt
George Dewey
Victory in Cuba
• US army
– a. mostly volunteers
– b. poorly trained
– c. many died of disease before fighting
Theodore Roosevelt and the Rough
Riders
• A. Roosevelt gathered a rough group of
people
• B. They went to Cuba
•
1. Roosevelt led them up San Juan Hill
•
2. Bloody battle
•
3. Roosevelt wins
• C. Our navy sink all of Spain’s ships in Cuba
• D. Americans cheered our victory
•
• ***THIS WAR LASTED ONLY 4 MONTHS!!!
Roosevelt and the Rough Riders
The “Splendid Little War”
• A. Only 385 deaths
•
B. Lasted only 4 months
•
C. Cost $250 million
•
D. Big change in relationship between
U.S. and rest of world
•
1. Took all of Spain’s colonies
•
a. Cuba
•
b. Puerto Rico
•
c. Guam
•
d. Philippine Islands
Revolt in the Philippines
• Americans opposed to empire
•
A. Many Americans did not want an empire
•
B. Many against imperialism!
•
C. Why were these people against imperialism
•
1. Brutal towards the Filipinos
•
2. Lording over people in faraway places
•
3. Might lead to war with Japan
• D. Filipinos fought against the US--they
wanted us out!
• E. Thousands killed in this fight
Teller and Platt Amendments
• The Teller Amendment
• A. U.S. would let Cuba govern itself. U.S.
did not leave Cuba
•
1. set up schools
•
2. finances put in order
•
3. keep peace
• B. The Platt Amendment
•
1. The U.S. was allowed to enter
Cuba for any reason
OGT Multiple Choice
• _____ Compared to the Civil War, the
American Revolution, World War I, and World
War II, the Spanish-American War
• A. was much longer
• B. was much costlier in terms of amount of
deaths
• C. was much shorter
• D. was less significant in terms of the
relationship of the United States to the world
OGT Multiple Choice
• _____ All of the following developments
led to war with Spain in 1898 except
• A. the sinking of the Maine
• B. the Yellow Press
• C. Reports of the Spanish torturing the
Cubans in concentration camps
• D. the signing of the Teller and Platt
Amendments
OGT Multiple Choice
• _____ (Practice Test Booklet 2005) The
United States became an imperialist
nation with interests in the Caribbean,
Central America, the Far East, and the
South Pacific following which war?
• A. The Civil War
• B. The Spanish-American War
• C. World War I
• D. The Korean War
OGT Multiple Choice
• _____ Most of the credit for the American
victory in the Spanish-American War was
earned by_____.
• A. the Army
• B. the Air Force
• C. the Marines
• D. the Navy and the Rough Riders
OGT Multiple Choice
• _____ The U.S. battleship Maine
• A. was shattered by an explosion while in
Cuba
• B. led the attack on Spanish warships in
the Philippines
• C. led the attack on Spanish warships
near Santiago, Cuba
• D. was the flagship when the U.S. fleet
sailed around the world
OGT Short Answer
• How did the U.S. involvement in the
Spanish American war show that the U.S.
was becoming a world power?
The Annexation of Hawaii
• Annex: to incorporate (territory) into the domain of a city, country,
or state
• For the story behind the annexation of Hawaii, read the
following link:
• http://www.ushistory.org/us/44b.asp
• MAIN POINT: US WANTS HAWAII FOR NAVAL BASE IN
PACIFIC OCEAN!!!!!
Queen Liliuokalani
The Open Door Policy in China
• The “Open Door” in China
• A. The U.S. wanted to trade with China
• B. China was divided among France,
Germany, Japan, and Russia
• C. We demanded to these 4 that we be
allowed to trade with China
• D. China was to have an “Open Door” for
trade
The Boxer Rebellion
• A. The “Boxers” were Chinese rebels
•
1. They did not want other countries there
•
2. They fought and killed many
•
3. It took 7 weeks to put them out
• B. The U.S. wanted Chinese independence
•
1. Easier to trade
•
2. We helped China get these other
countries out
•
3. China like this, and like the U.S.
The Boxer Rebellion
A. President McKinley
•
1. Sept. 6, 1901
•
a. assassinated
•
b. by Leon Czolgosz
•
c. he was an anarchist
•
2. Vice President Teddy Roosevelt
a. “speak softly and carry a big
stick”
• B. Teddy Roosevelt--President
– a. “Big Stick” diplomacy: term is used to
describe the foreign policy of the U.S. at the time,
Roosevelt claimed the U.S. had the right to
oppose European actions in the Western
Hemisphere
– b. believed US should be world power
– c. imperialistic
– d. anti-imperialists: did not like TR’s policy
• many want this
• easier to move navy from ocean to ocean
• able to protect large empire
The Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe
Doctrine
• Q: What was the Monroe Doctrine?
• A: President James Monroe came up with it in
1823. It said no European nation could set up
colonies in the Americas.
• Q: What is the Roosevelt Corollary?
• A: Early 1900’s. Said the US would exercise
“international police power” in response to
chronic misconduct by any nation in the
Western Hemisphere.
Roosevelt Corollary
• Continuation of TR’s imperialism
– A. US intervened everywhere in Latin
America
– B. They did not like this
• 1. this led to poor relations between US
and many Latin American nations
THE U.S. IS NOW GETTING A LARGE
EMPIRE AROUND THE WORLD. THE U.S.
IS BECOMING A
WORLD
POWER!!!!!!
OGT Multiple Choice
• _____ (Practice Test Booklet 2005) The
Boxer Rebellion of 1900 was an attempt
to remove
• A. the British from India
• B. the Europeans from South Africa
• C. the French from Algeria
• D. the Europeans from China
OGT Extended Response
• The U.S. became an imperialistic country
by 1900.
•
•What is imperialism? (2 pts)
•
•How did the U.S. imperialism in the
Far East, South Pacific, Caribbean, and
Central America show the U.S. was
becoming a world power? (2 pts)
Section 2: World War I
• Content Elaboration: With its entry into
World War I, the United States mobilized a
large army and navy to help the Allies achieve
victory. After the war, European countries
were forced to concentrate their resources on
rebuilding their countries. However the
United States enjoyed a brief period of
economic prosperity and was able to exert
authority as a world power.
M.A.I.N.
Causes of World War I





A. Militarism
B. Alliances
C. Imperialism
D. Nationalism
E. War Breaks Out: Archduke Frances
Ferdinand and his wife assassinated.
Reason #1: Militarism
1. glorification of military power
2. Nations increased size of military
3. Nations increase weapons production
4. New technology = better and deadlier
weapons
Reason #2: Alliances
• 1. War looked inevitable
• 2. Nations started forming alliances: a group of countries who are
friendly and make deals to help protect each other
– Examples:
• Germany allied with Austria-Hungary and Italy (Triple Alliance)
Later: These countries known as the “Central Powers”
• France allied with Russia and Great Britain (Triple Entente) Later:
These countries known as “The Allies”
• many other agreements made
• “An attack on one is an attack on all.”
Reason #3 Imperialism
***An attempt to create an empire
1. Countries competed for lands and raw
materials
2. This competition led to conflicts
Reason #4: Nationalism
Nationalism: strong love of one’s country. This can lead to
desperate actions, including fighting or war.
• 1. Desire for Self-Rule
– A. Europe made of several empires
– B. They were multinational
– C. Each group wanted own identity
• Example: Austro-Hungarian Empire made up of Germans, Hungarians,
Poles, Czechs, Slovaks, Serbs, Croatians, Jews, and Gypsies
• 2. Rivalry Among Nations
– A. Pride = competition = rivalries
– B. This led to violent relationships between countries
War Breaks Out
• The Story of How the First World War Began
•
A country in Europe called Bosnia was a part of Austria-Hungary.
Bosnia did not like this. They wanted to be a part of Serbia instead.
Things were getting very tense, so the Emperor of Austria-Hungary sent
his nephew, Archduke Ferdinand, to Bosnia. He was to try to smooth
things over with the the government of Bosnia.
•
People in Bosnia did not like Archduke Ferdinand being there. One
man named Gavrilo Princip decided to shoot Ferdinand and his wife,
Sophie. Sophie died immediately and Ferdinand died shortly after.
•
The Emperor of Austria-Hungary, Francis Joseph, then declared war
on Serbia. World War I had begun.
• The assassination of Archduke Ferdinand led to the beginning of World
War I.
Archduke Ferdinand and his family.
Countries Quickly Choose Sides
•
•
•
•
•
•
Russia declared war on A-H
Germany declared war against Russia
France declared war on Germany
Germany declared war France
Great Britain declared war on Germany
By August 14, 1914, 7 European countries
were at war. Before World War I was over,
more than 20 countries had fought,
including the U.S.
OGT Multiple Choice
•
•
•
•
•
_____ The first declaration of war involved
A. Serbia declaring against Bosnia
B. Russia declaring against Serbia
C. Bosnia declaring against Italy
D. Austria-Hungary declaring against Serbia
OGT Multiple Choice
• _____ World War I began with the
asssassination of
• A. Archduke Francis Ferdinand and his
wife, Sophie
• B. Kaiser Wilhelm
• C. Czar Nicholas
• D. the King of Serbia
OGT Multiple Choice
• _____ (Blue Book, 2005) At the start of
World War I, all of the following were
members of the Triple Entente except
• A. Germany
• B. Great Britain
• C. France
• D. Russia
OGT Multiple Choice
• (Practice Test Booklet 2005) One of the
causes of World War I was the nations of
Europe had aligned into two alliance systems.
Which of the following combination of nations
comprised of the Allies?
• A. France, Great Britain, and Russia
• B. Germany, Great Britain, and Russia
• C. Austria-Hungary, Germany, and Italy
• D. Austria-Hungary, France, and Italy
OGT Multiple Choice
• (Blue Book, 2005) Which factor
guaranteed that a war between Britain
and Germany would involve other
nations?
• A. the system of entangling alliances
• B. new war technologies such as
poison gas and airplanes
• C. the assassination of Archduke
Ferdinand in Sarajevo
• D. the sinking of the Sussex
OGT Extended Response
• List and describe 4 MAIN long-term causes of
World War I.
II. The United States and the War
1914-1917
• A. Neutrality--not choosing sides
• 1. The U.S. wanted peace
• 2. Woodrow Wilson is President of the United
States throughout World War I
•
a. declared U.S. neutrality immediately
•
b. urged Americans to not take sides
•
c. this was not possible, not even for
Wilson
Reason #1 for US entry into WWI: Ties
That Bind





1. U.S. was for Britain
a. spoke English
b. read English books
c. laws and customs are English
d. born in Britain (or their parents)
– People in the United States started taking
the sides of their ancestry.
President Woodrow Wilson
He favored neutrality at the onset
of World War I
Reason #2 for US entry into WWI:
Propaganda
• Very influential manner of trying to make
people support their group
• Both sides sides used propaganda to
influence people in the U.S.
• ***The British cut the communications cable
from Germany to the U.S. All information
came from Britain about the war.
Propaganda Poster
Reason #3 for US entry into WWI:
Trade with the Allies
• 1. More and more we sided with Allies
•
a. Trade
•
--. food
•
--. weapons and ammo
•
--. raw materials
• **Britain had a naval blockade of Germany. This made it
difficult to trade with the Central Powers.
•
•
•
b. Loans
--. $2 billion
--. No loan = no trade = depression
• ***1914-1916 (beginning of WWI)
•
Trade with Allies: from $800 million to $3 billion
•
Trade with Germany: $170 million to $1 million
Reason #4 for US entry into WWI:
Unrestricted Submarine Warfare by
Germany
• Germany did not like the U.S. trading with the
Allies
• Germany announced they would use U-Boats
(German submarines) to attack U.S. merchant
ships heading to England
• Wilson warned Germany not to do this
• Germany used the U-Boat anyway
1. Germany could not follow international law
a. Germany had 27 subs (U-Boats)
b. began to use the subs
2. Feb. 4, 1915
a. Germans declare waters around British Isle
a war zone
b. urged American ships not to go there
c. urged Americans to not travel on Brit ships
d. Wilson didn’t listen
--. told Germany they would be responsible
if any ships sunk
e. Now, Britain begins seizing ships everywhere
--. this “gagged” Germany
Underseaboat
Reason #5 for US entry into WWI:
Sinking of the Lusitania
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
1. May 7, 1915
2. Lusitania: British ship
3. U-Boats sank it
4. 1000 killed, 100 Americans
5. Later found it had war supplies on it
6. American public outraged
7. NO WAR YET! Wilson sent letters to
Germany in protest
Reason #6 for US entry into WWI:
Arabic and Sussex Pledges
1. Wilson sends strong message to Germany
•
a. U.S. will sail wherever it wants
•
b. neutrality laws
• 2. Many in U.S. want war
•
a. Teddy Roosevelt
• 3. The Arabic
•
a. British ship
•
b. sunk by U-Boats
•
c. 2 Americans killed
•
d. Germany backed down
•
--. they didn’t want war with us
•
--. Arabic Pledge--would not sink any ships
• 4. The Sussex
•
a. French ship
•
b. sunk by the Germans March 1916
•
c. May 31, 1916--Sussex Pledge
•
--another promise by the Germans
• 5. Germans wanted same rules
•
a. They killed with their U-Boats
•
b. British blockade starved Germans
Reason #7 for US entry into WWI:
The Zimmerman Note
1. wrote by German Arthur Zimmerman
2. sent to Mexico
a. wants Mexico to
help Germany by attacking
the U.S.
b. this would keep us out of Europe
c. In return, Germany would help Mexico gain
back Texas, Arizona, and New Mexico
OGT Multiple Choice
• When World War I first broke out the
United States stated they were
• A. on the side of the Allies
• B. on the side of the Central Powers
• C. neutral
OGT Multiple Choice
• During the first 3 years of the war, United
States trade
• A. increased with the Central Powers
• B. decreased with the Allies
• C. increased with the Allies
• D. stayed the same with both sides
OGT Multiple Choice
• (Practice Test Booklet, 2005) Which of the
following is not an example of propaganda?
• A. A gov. poster to get people to enlist in the
military during a war
• B. The listing of names, addresses, and
telephone numbers in the telephone directory
• C. An advertisement to convince consumers to
buy a particular brand of shoes
• D. A candidate’s campaign slogan to help him or
her get elected
OGT Multiple Choice
• America tended to favor the Allies because of
all the following except
• A. language and cultural ties to Great Britain
• B. reports of German atrocities coming from
England
• C. the huge numbers of Irish and German
immigrants in the United States
• D. the sinking of ships by the German UBoats
OGT Multiple Choice
• (Blue Book, 2005) The single most
important factor in causing the entry of
the U.S. into World War I was
• A. Britain’s naval blockade
• B. the assassination of Archduke Franz
Ferdinand in Sarajevo
• C. unrestricted submarine warfare by
Germany
• D. the sinking of the Sussex
OGT Multiple Choice
• Two ships that were sunk by the Germans
and resulted in them sending pledges to
not sink any more ships were
•
•
•
•
A.
B.
C.
D.
the Arabic and Sussex
the Maine and the Arabic
the Maine and the Sussex
the Lusitania and the Andreodorea
OGT Extended Response
• List and explain 4 reasons why the United
States became involved in World War I.
The U.S. Goes to War
April 2, 1917
1. Wilson asks Congress for Declaration of
War against Germany
2. Wilson: “The world must be made safe for
democracy.”
3. Four days later, Congress votes:
Senate: 82 to 6 in favor
House: 373 to 50 in favor
The Sides During World War I
• The Allies
•
•
•
•
Great Britain
France
Russia
United States
• The Central
Powers
• Germany
• Austria-Hungary
*U.S. soldiers during WWI were called DOUGHBOYS.
American Doughboy
• When U.S. entered, the Allies were in bad
trouble. Central Powers almost had the
war won. Submarines had kept everything
(food, money, men, ammo) out of the
Allied countries.
War on the Western Front
• A. Trench warfare: type of warfare used during WWI
•
1. machine guns
•
2. defensive war
•
3. stationary war: No movement
•
a. front lines changed little for over 3 years
•
4. Conditions
•
a. front trenches
•
b. behind were supply trenches (5 miles)
•
c. connected by tunnels and railways
•
5. “trench fever” “trench foot” “trench mouth”
•
--all caused by filth and fatigue
•
6. isolation, dark, constant firing
• ***This type of warfare led to a lot of casualties: death
or injury during a war
French Trenches
War on the Western Front
(Cont)
 B. The “battle”

1. A group from one trench charges over to
the enemy trench

2. They fire their machine guns/weapons

3. Try to open up a hole in the line

4. This was tough

a. barbed wire

b. enemy machine gun
Machine Guns
Barbed Wire in “No Man’s Land”
Early Losses in the War
• A. 1914: 500,000 men killed from each
side
• B. 1915: no advancement over 3 miles
•
1. French still lost 1.5 million
• C. 1916: French lost 1 million
The American Expeditionary Force
(AEF)










A. The U.S. came in time
B. All other sides were tired and weary
C. August 1918--U.S. had 500,000 soldiers
1. they pushed the Germans back
D. End of Sept. 1918--U.S. had 1.25 million soldiers
1. Pushed Germans further back
2. took over trenches the Germans had for 3 yrs
3. cut the German supply lines
4. French + British also pushing back Germans
E. German mistake--they did not believe the U.S.
would be this strong
• U.S.: lost only 50,000 men.
• Other countries lost millions. We came in
late and took care of business.
• Nov. 11, 1918: armistice. This ended
World War I.
OGT Multiple Choice
• World War I was the bloodiest war in
history because of
• A. the lack of medical personnel
• B. the use of naval blockades
• C. the development of new weapons such
as the machine gun
• D. its length
OGT Short Answer
• (Blue Book, 2005) Prior to the entry of the
United States into World War I, two views
prevailed. One favored preparedness,
increasing our military strength to be
ready for war. The other opposed military
buildup and advocated pacifism. Pacifists
argued that if the United States prepared
for war, it was more likely to use the
weapons that had been developed.
Choose one of the points of view and
write 2 reasons that explains your answer
(2 points).
The Home Front
During World War I the U.S. government
told everybody what to do:
 1. how much and what they could eat
 2. what factories could make and buy
Mobilization of Men and Women
Mobilize: to get ready for war
A. Selective Service Act--set up the draft.
1. Passed: May, 1917
2. By end of war: 24 million drafted for
different areas (army, Nat. Guard, etc)
B. American factories
1. began to make
weapons/ammo/boots/clothes/food rations
Mobilizing Money
• A. War cost $2.3 billion to
U.S.
•
•
1. Raised taxes
2. War Bonds
The War Industries Board
A. formed to make war time decisions at
home
1. decide what goods should be
produced
The Labor Force
• A. Women had to work
•
1. mills and factories
•
2. assembly lines
•
3. After war, they returned home
•
B. African-Americans from the South
moved to North to work in factories
•
C. There was a shortage of workers
during war
•
D. National War Labor Board
•
1. settled labor disputes during war
Mobilizing Minds
• A. Many didn’t want war
•
1. German Americans
•
2. Conscientious objectors
•
3. Pacifists
Germanaphobia
• 1. People hated Germans
• 2. No German foods or traditions practiced in
the U.S. (Ex: sauerkraut now is liberty
cabbage)
• 3. German-Americans changed their names
• 4. Spy scares
• 5. Could be arrested for making unpatriotic
remarks
The Attack on Civil Liberties
• Illegal to speak against the war.
OGT Multiple Choice
•
•
•
•
•
During the war, the right of free speech
A. became greater
B. became less
C. was unaffected
D. was respected by the United States
government
OGT Multiple Choice
• The Selective Service Act of 1917
provided for
• A. the draft of men between ages 21 and
31
• B. hiring substitutes to replace those not
wishing to be drafted
• C. draft dodgers to be tried for treason
• D. drafting of women for medical and
clerical jobs
OGT Multiple Choice
• _____(2005 Practice Test) Charles Schenck was found
guilty of violating the 1917 Espionage Act by distributing
leaflets through the mail urging men to resist induction
under the military draft for World War I. On appeal,
Schenck’s attorneys argued the distribution of the leaflets
was protected by the 1st Amendment. The Supreme Court
upheld his convictions. This case illustrates how individual
rights can be balanced against
• A. the rights of other individuals
• B. the security of the nation in a time of war
• C. The opportunities for people to enlist in the military
• D. the interest of the gov. in keeping courts open to
provide justice
OGT Extended Response
• During World War I, the United States
government took away some rights of the
people.
•
List and explain two of these rights taken
away during time of war.
•
Is it right that the government took these
rights away? Why or why not?