Greek Sculpture
Claire Wu, Denise, Hughes
Greek Sculpture
The Archaic Period----Claire&Denise
The Classical Period--------Hughes
Parthenon&Sculptures-----Claire
The Hellenistic Period------Denise
Similarity& Influence
• Greek Proportion
• Harmony,Perfection
Peak:High Classical Style (ca.480-400 B.C.E.)
• A standard of beauty and excellence
• Influential to Western cultural expression
The Archaic Period
ca.700-480 BCE
1.Influence:Egypt
2.Function: Memorial,Cult statues, and Funeral
monument
3.Features:
a. Male Nude
b.Archaic smile
c. freestanding
d.left foot striding out
e. life size or larger
Kouros
(Male youth ) (Early Archaic)
•
•
•
•
•
P.112 Figure 5.6
Freestanding
Unclothed young man
Frontal pose
Rigid and vertical pose
Arms closed to his sides
• Left foot striding forward
• body weight shared
equally on both feet
When can I
dress up?
Don’t wanna
walk like
Egyptian
Greek v.s. Egypt
• Similar: proportion and
technique
• Different:
1.Greek:nude
Egypt: kilt skirt
2.Greek:freestanding
Egypt: with the slab of
stone to support
3.Weight distribution
Greek: even
Egypt:uneven
4.Greek: more realistic
You!
CopyCat!
Calf-Bearer:
(ca. 575-550 B.C.E)
• More realistic:
abdominal muscles,
sensitive bull,
semi-precious stone
(pearls…etc)
• More gentle →smile
(figure 5.7, p112)
Kroisos (Late Archaic)
(figure 5.8, p113)
•The warrior
•Attention to knee and calf muscles
•Harmony: stands aggressively
forward, but forearms in ward
•Energy
•Blissful smile (more)
•Reflect optimism in early Greeks
The Classical Period
(480-323 B.C.E)
Time line
1. The Early classical period: 480~450 B.C
2. The High Classical age: 450~400 B.C
3. The Late classical period: 400~323 B.C
The classical style
• Feature
– The meaning of classical
– The ideal proportion style
– Solemn and contemplative
• Influence:
– Standard of beauty
The early classical period
1. Compare and contrast
between Koisos and Kritos
Boy
2. compare and contrast two
different cannon
Kroisos
Figure 5.8
– The Archaic
period
– Robust
– Forearm turn
in toward his
body
– Blissful smile
Kritios
Figure 5.9
• The classical
period
• Sensuous
• Weight on his
left leg
• Contrapposto
(weight shift )
• Protrude at
juncture
• No smile
•Severe Style
Differences between two cannon
The Egyptian
Cannon
•Fixed
proportion
•Not calculated
The human
proportion Figure
5.2
•Calculated
•Flexible
•Symmetry
•Correspond to
human body
The High Classical age
1. Doryphorus (SpearBearer)
2. The Discobolus
(Discus-thrower)
3. Zeus
Doryphorus
(Spear-Bearer )
Figure 5.1
•The embodiment of proportion
•Ideal warrior athlete
•Energy
•Poised
•Grace
The Discobolus
By Mylon
•The captured
movement
•Ideal proportion
Zeus
Figure 5.10
•Vigorous action
•Tense body
•The length of arms
and legs
•Geometric muscles
•Symmetrical
trapezoids
•Wavy line
The late classical period
1. Application:Weight
Sift and Curve!
2. Compare and contrast
between Kore and
Aphrodite of Knido
Kore
Figure 5.11
Aphrodite of
knidos
•Archaic
Figure 5.12
•Ornamental
Late Classical
•Smiling
•With clothed
•Ideal female style
•curved
•Naked
•Weight Shift
The Parthenon (p.116 Figure5.13)
Greek Architecture:The Parthenon
• 448-432 BCE
• Two architects: Ictinus and Kallicrates
• Sculptor: Phidas
• Dedication: Athena
• Religious &Secular Purpose:
to serve the living, not the dead (Egypt)
• Human proportion(Golden Ratio),
symmetry
The Greek order (p.117. F.5.16)
• 1.Doric
2.Ionic
3.Corinthian
• Simple&Severe Delicate----- the most ornate
•
&Ornamental
The Sculpture of the Parthenon (p.119. F.5.18)
• Location
1.pediment
2.metopes
3.frieze
(outer wall of cella)
• Subject: about Athena
• Feature: High Relief
East pediment of the Parthenon
(p.119.f.5.19)
Three Goddesses (p.119.F.5.20)
West pediment of the Parthenon
"Lapith and Centaur" Metope
p.120 Figure5.21
“A Group of Young Horsemen”
(p.120.F.5.22)from the north frieze
“water bearer, musician, and votaries” from
east frieze (p.121.f.5.23)
Hellenistic Age
320-30 B.C.E
The Diffusion of the Classical Style
The Hellenistic Age (“Greek-like”)
Alexander the Great (356-323 BCE)
•Son of Philip of Macedonia, Student of Aristotle
•An empire: from Greece and Egypt to India
•After his death,
The empire split into three sections:
Egypt, Persia, and Macedonia-Greece
→starts the Hellenistic Age (300 years)
The Hellenistic World (Map 5.1)
P 126, figure 5.27
(P 126, figure 5.1)
From Hellenic to Hellenistic )
希臘語言和文化的
•Spread of Hellenic希臘人的culture
throughout the civilized world
•→“cosmopolitanism, urbanism, and the
blending of Greek, African, and Asian
cultures”
•→ “Personal needs & individual emotion
over and above the good of community”
Features of Architecture
•From city to empire
→large, monumental
•Utilitarian Structure: Lighthouse, theaters,
libraries
•Corinthian & Ionic colonnade
“Think Tank”
At Alexandria
the Alter of Zeus (Figure 5.28, p127)
• At Pergamon (180 B.C.E)
• To celebrate the victory of minor
kingdom of Pergamon over Gauls
•20-foot high, 300-foot based platform
•Massive Ionic Colonnade
•Mythological battle
•(Olympic gods vs. giants
•Symbolize the Victory of Intellect
•Over Barbarians
•More theatrical in style
•誇張的
Athena Battling with Acyoneus
•Strong light and dark contrast
•Classical restraint → violent
passion
(Figure 5.29, p128)
Hellenistic Sculpture’ Features
•
Private / individual emotion
•
More lifelike & less idealized
•
Fleeting mood & momentary expression
• Broad the range of subjects:
young children to old, even deformed
people
Spear-Bearer V.S. Apollo Belvedere
Spear-Bearer V.S. Apollo Belvedere
•High classical
•Hellenistic
•Sensuous nude statue
•More animated,
Feminized,
Self-conscious style
Nike of Samothrace
• Greek goddess
• Victory
• Discovered in 1863, now
is in the Louvre Museum, Paris
• Head & arms are missing
(figure 5.31,p129)
•Carving techniques:
•dynamic contrasts of light
and dark
•semi-transparent robes
•Deeply cut drapery
•Bold display of Vigorous
movement
•Sensuous body as the
winged figure strides into the
wind
•Flying & just landed lightly
The Nike of Samothrace in Las Vegas
"When we go to battle and win,
we say it is NIKE.“
-Greek
Laocoon and His Sons
• mythological story:
• priest of Apollo
•Trojan War
•Punishment by Gods
•Excavation in 1506 at Rome
•Michelangelo praised it,
“incredible.”
(figure 5.32, p129)
•Dramatic moment
•Tragic role
•Tortuous pose, stained
muscles, and painful
expression
•Sums up the Hellenistic art
•Memorable symbol:
Classical idealism
→history
Conclusion:
Greek Art: Harmonious and perfect
proportion
• Style: Keeping changing
• Feature: Humanism&Realism&Idealism
• More Natural!
• Clarity, harmony, and proportioned order
Work Cited
•
•
•
•
•
http://academic.reed.edu/humanities/110Tech/k
ouroi.html
http://www.greeklandscapes.com/greece/athens
_museum_archaic.html
http://0rz.tw/d91YG
http://wwwpersonal.umich.edu/~mxb/archaic_greece.html
http://www.sikyon.com/Athens/Parthenon/parth
enon_eg.html
•
http://stmail.chna.edu.tw/~b9216003/show.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sculpture_of_Ancient_Greece#Sculpture
http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/ent/A0858474.html
The End
We luv W.C. !!!!!!!!!