Nuclear Data Center Network
Who are we?
What can we do for you?
Victoria McLane1,3
Naohiko Otuka2,3
1National
Nuclear Data Center
Brookhaven National Laboratory
2Nuclear Data Center
Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute
3Nuclear Theory Group
Hokkaido University
Recent Advances in Astrophysics and Planetary Science,
March 1-2, 2005, Sapporo, Japan
Nuclear Data for Astrophysics
Nuclear data required for studies of:
 Early universe – “Big Bang”,
 Stellar physics:
 novae,
supernovae, Red giants,
 Interstellar medium.
Nuclear Data for Astrophysics
Codes for modeling these systems require
massive amounts of nuclear data
 Reaction rates.
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Energy released in nuclear reactions.
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Structural properties of relevant nuclei.
Nuclear Data for Astrophysics
Reaction rate: ‹σ·v›
Cross section times ion velocity averaged over
Maxwell-Bolzmann distribution of relative ion
velocity.
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Basic data are cross sections and resonance
parameters.
Nuclear Data for Astrophysics
For many unstable nuclear no cross
section data exist!
 Calculations rely on data from theoretical
models.
 Experimental reaction data are used for
refinement of theoretical models.
Nuclear Data for Astrophysics
Reaction rates
Coughlin and Fowler - 1967 [1]
 NACRE [2]
 T. Raucher and F.-K. Thielemann [3]
 Goriely et al.
Many others
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http://www.nucastrodata.org
Nuclear Data for Astrophysics
Energy released in nuclear reactions
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Reaction Q-values
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Audi, Wapstra, Thibault [4]
http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/amdc/
Nuclear Data for Astrophysics
Structural properties of nuclei
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Decay lifetime,
Branching ratios,
Separation energies: 1- and 2-particle,
Level densities,
Resonance parameters.
http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/nudat2/
Nuclear Data for Astrophysics
Astrophysical
Computer Model
Reaction rates
Energy release
Nuclear structure
NSDD
Evaluated
cross sections
Mass tables
Evaluated NSDD
Measured
cross sections
Measured NSDD
Nuclear Data for Astrophysics
1.
2.
3.
4.
G.R. Coughlin and W.A. Fowler, At. Data &
Nucl. Data Tables, 40 (1988) 283
C. Angulo et al., Nucl. Phys. A 656 (1999) 3.
T. Raucher and F.-K. Thielemann, At. Data &
Nucl. Data Tables 79 (2001) 47-64.
A.H. Wapstra, G. Audi, and C. Thibault,
Nucl. Phys. A 729 (2003): part I, page 129;
part II, page 337.
Nuclear Data for Astrophysics
Stellar nucleosynthesis:
 Hydrogen burning.
 Helium burning.
 Silicon burning.
Each involve the need for data on many
nuclear reactions.
Alpha-Induced Reactions
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Reactions involving alpha particles are
important in the helium burning stage of
stars, novae, and supernovae.
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They involve light to medium weight nuclei,
up to Z=32, and center-of-mass energies
up to about 20 MeV.
Alpha-Induced Reactions
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Buildup of 56Ni in supernovae depends
critically on the (,) and (,p) reactions on
-nuclei, the heaviest stable nuclide of
them being 40Ca.
For more massive radioactive - nuclei,
44Ti, 48Cr, 52Fe, and 56Ni, we must rely
heavily on calculations, since there are few
measurements.
Alpha-Induced Reactions
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A key element in our understanding of -induced
reactions is the -nucleus potential.
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Most wide used potentials are McFadden-Satchler
[1] and Arthur-Young [2].
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Both are global potentials, i.e., expected to
perform for a large number of nuclei, but perhaps
not suitable for accurate calculations.
Alpha-Induced Reactions
NNDC and CNPD, Sarov, along with ORNL,
have been involved in a project to compile
and evaluate alpha-induced nuclear
reaction data.
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Objective: to derive alpha-nucleus
potentials for use in model calculations.
Alpha-Induced Reactions
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Compilation of data completed.
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Evaluation of data.
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Calculations using the code Empire [3] for both
potentials and the code NON-SMOKER [4].
Alpha-Induced Reactions
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1st phase of project is nearing completion
[5].
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All data will be made available to the
community.
Alpha-Induced Reactions
L. McFadden and G.R. Satchler, Nucl. Phys.
84,177 (1966).
2. E.D. Arthur and P.G. Young, LA-8626 [ENDF304], Los Alamos National Laboratory (1980).
3. M. Herman, paper presented at Nuclear Data
for Science & Technology, Sep. 26 – Oct. 1,
2004, Santa Fe, NM, USA, to be published.
1.
4.
T. Rauscher, F.K. Thielemann, At. Data &
Nucl. Data Tables 75, 1 (2000).
Alpha-Induced Reactions
Papers presented at Nuclear Data for Science
& Technology, Sep. 26 – Oct. 1, 2004, Santa
Fe, NM, USA, to be published.
5.

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S.A.Dunaeva et al., paper 459.
A.G. Zvenigorodski et al., paper 460.
Nuclear Data for Astrophysics
To explain occurrence of heavy elements
Evolving from existing Fe group:
 s-process
 r-process
 rp-process
Nuclear Data for Astrophysics
s-process: slow sequence of neutron absorption
(Red giant)
Z,A → Z,A+1 → Z,A+2 ……
↓ β-
Z+1,A+1 → Z+1,A+2 → ……
Knowledge of (n,γ) cross sections 1 to 100 keV.
Nuclear Data for Astrophysics
r-process: rapid sequence of neutron absorption
(supernova explosion)?
Z,A → Z,A+1 → Z,A+2 → Z,A+3…… “neutron drip line”
↓ β-
rp-process: rapid sequence of proton absorption
Z,A → Z+1,A+1 → Z+2,A+2 → Z+3,A+3…… “proton drip line”
↓ β+
Nuclear Data for Astrophysics
These involve very many nuclear reactions.
Needed from nuclear data community:
 Basic measured data where possible.
 Calculations where measurements not
feasible.
 Evaluations of cross section data.
Who Are We?
Nuclear Reaction Data Centers
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Coordinated by IAEA NDS.
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Cooperate on compilation, exchange, and
dissemination of nuclear reaction data.
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All data are available on the World Wide Web,
free of charge.
Who Are We?
Member centers:
 Provide higher quality service at lower
cost by:
 avoiding duplication of compilation effort,
 adopting common formats and procedures,
 sharing programming resources.
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Provide customer services covering wide
range of nuclear data.
Who Are We?
More than 50 years experience in nuclear data!
1952: BNL Neutron Cross Section Compilation
Group

1st
edition of BNL-325 published in 1955
1961: Sigma Center founded in U.S. at BNL.
 SCISRS: 1st computerized database of experimental nuclear
reaction data established in 1964.
Who Are We?
1966: “4-Center Network” created.
 Coordinated compilation of neutron reaction
data on an international scale.
 EXFOR adopted as official exchange format
of “4-Center” Network.
1975: Charged-Particle and Photonuclear Data
Center Network formed.
Who Are We?
1979: Nuclear Reaction Data Center
Network created.

Merger of “4-Center” Network and ChargedParticle and Photonuclear Data Network.
Who Are We?
Currently, 13 members centers.
“Core” centers: provide complete services
NNDC: US National Nuclear Data Center
NDS: IAEA Nuclear Data Section
NEADB: NEA Data Bank.
Who Are We?
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CHINA
China Nuclear Data Center, China Institute of Atomic Energy,
Beijing
HUNGARY
Cyclotron Applications Department, ATOMKI, Debrecen
JAPAN
Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute, Tokai
Japan Charged Particle Reaction Data Group, Hokkaido
KOREA
Nuclear Data Evaluation Laboratory, Korea Atomic Energy
Research Institute, Taejon
Who Are We?
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RUSSIA
Center for Nuclear Data (CJD), Obninsk
Center for Atomic & Nuclear Data, Kurchatov Institute,
Moscow
Center for Photonuclear Experiments Data, Moscow State
University Nuclear Physics Data Center
Center for Nuclear Physics Data, Russia Federal Nuclear
Center – VNIIEF, Sarov
UKRAINE
Ukrainian Nuclear Data Center, SC Institute for Nuclear
Research, Kiev
What Can We Do for You?
Core centers provide easy access
to:
Neutron, charged-particle, and
photonuclear reaction data.
 Nuclear structure and decay data.
 Both experimental and evaluated.
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What Can We Do for You?
EXFOR/CSISRS
Experimental Nuclear Reaction Data
 Data for incident projectiles ≤1 GeV.
New:
 Data for incident projectiles >1 GeV.
 Fundamental particles reactions.
What Can We Do for You?
EXFOR/CSISRS
 References linked to abstracts for several
journals.
 Links to evaluated data.
 3 levels of retrieval: Basic, Extended, Expert
 Complete set of help file (dictionaries)
What Can We Do for You?
EXFOR/CSISRS
Data output:
 EXFOR or CFOR formats.
Additional output formats will be
developed for users as needs arise.
 Plots.
What Can We Do for You?
ENDF
Evaluated Nuclear Reaction Data
Data output:
 as ENDF- formatted files,
 plots:
 for multiple libraries;
 with experimental data;
 user has some control over format.
10-3
10-2
10-1
1
10
ENDF/B-VI
2000 Guohui Zhang
1994 Drosg
1985 Goldberg
1983 Bartle
1981 Engdahl
1979 Macklin
1978 Lamaze
1978 Renner
1977 Knitter
1976 Gayther
1975 Friesenhahn
1
10-1
1
10-1
10-3
6Li(n,t)4He
10-2
10-1
1
10
experimental cross section data plotted with ENDF/B-VI curve
using ZVView.
What Can We Do for You?
NUDAT
Nuclear Structure and Decay Data
 Level properties,
 Decay modes,
 Radiations.
Output:
 Tables
 Plots.
What Can We Do for You?
Bibliographic Database
Nuclear Science References (NSR)
 Publications in low and intermediate energy nuclear
physics (includes nuclear astrophysics).
 Data may be retrieved by author, nuclide,
reaction,particle, subject, and other criteria.
 Links provided to experimental and evaluated nuclear
structure and decay data.
 Links are provided to abstracts for several journals.
Additional Services
National Nuclear Data Center
Nuclear Structure and Decay Data
 Publication of Nuclear Data Sheets.
 Nuclear Wallet Cards.
EMPIRE Code maintenance.
Additional Services
Nuclear Energy Agency Data Bank
Computer Program Services
 Collection and distribution of computer programs
relevant to nuclear applications.
CD-Rom distribution
 JANIS: evaluated and experimental data
Additional Services
IAEA Nuclear Data Section
FENDL library for fusion applications.
IAEA Photonuclear Data Library.
Reference Input Parameter Library (RIPL)
 for theoretical calculations of nuclear reaction cross
sections.
Atomic and Molecular Data
 Evaluation and dissemination of atomic and molecular
data for fusion and other plasma science & technology
applications.
Core centers
US National Nuclear Data Center
Brookhaven National Laboratory
http://www.nndc.bnl.gov
services@bnl.gov
OECD-NEA Data Bank
Issy-les-Moulineaux, France
http://www.nea.fr
nea@nea.fr
IAEA Nuclear Data Section
Vienna, Austria
http://www-nds.iaea.org
services@iaeand.iaea.org
US National Nuclear Data Center
Japanese Centers
Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute
Nuclear Data Center, Tokai-mura
http://wwwndc.tokai.jaeri.go.jp/
katakura@ndc.tokai.jaeri.go.jp
Japan Charged-Particle Nuclear Reaction Data Group
Hokkaido University, Sapporo
http://www.jcprg.org/
kato@nucl.sci.hokudai.ac.jp
Japan Charged-Particle Reaction Group
Nuclear Reaction Data Centers
Please contact us
and
let us know
what we can do for you!
Acknowledgements
Thank you to:
 Michael Smith of Oak Ridge National Laboratory for
contributing information on uses of nuclear data in
astrophysics.
http://www.phy.ornl.gov/astrophysics/
 Goddard Space Flight Center, NASA for supernova clip.
http://legacy.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/snr.html