Bell ringer
The introduction of
was theand
newWhat
technologies
industrial
methods ofrevolution?
Where didStarted
it start?
production.
in
England.
Father of communism
Who is Karl Marx and
History
is the
what did
hestruggle
believe
of the
Haves
and Have
about
history?
nots
Capitalism is about making money and
profit
What is the difference between
Communism is sharing the means of
capitalism
communism?
production
and and
its goods
Bell ringer
Peace land and bread
What was the slogan
promoted by Lenin to
gain control?
The elite Communists
leading the revolution
Who are the
Bolsheviks?
Increase industry and output
What are the goals of Stalin’s 5 year
plans?
Bell ringer
Increase industry and
farm output
What
are the goals of
Stalin’s 5 year plans?
The government
Their economic,
political
basic needs
Why
do or
people
revolt
are not
being their
met
against
governments?
In a communist government who makes
production decisions?
Bell ringer
Even though the
A civil war between
transfer
of power was
the Red (Bolshevik)
what
and peaceful,
White Armies
occurred after Lenin
seized control?
The
workers. to
AKA
According
Karl
Proletariat or HaveMarx,
who would lead
nots
a Communist
Revolution?
A Command
Economy.
What
is another
name The
for agovernment
communist
economy? Who makes the production
decisions in such an economy?
Review
What we already know:
-Russia was ruled by the Czar- an absolute ruler
-Russification had outlawed other ethnic and religious groups
-Pogroms had forced millions of Jews to flee
-Russia was largely not industrialized (lost the Russo-Japanese war as a
result)
Communism
During the Industrial Revolution, Karl Marx developed the idea of communism:
-a communist society has no class structure because everyone is
equal and all property is shared.
-Marx believed the masses would rise up to overthrow the
Bourgeoisie
-History has been the struggle of the proletariat against bourgeoisie
-Government controls the means of production (factories, resources)
Russian Revolution
Revolution= Change
WWI amplifies the problems already existing in
Russia, leading to a Communist Revolution
Causes-- WWI
Russian people had a long history of being upset with the government,
however, WWI made these problems worse:
-Soldiers were ill prepared and dying (not industrialized)
-Famines
-poor military leadership
-distrust the Czar and German born Czarina
-serfdom keeps peasants poor
March Revolution 1917
-Protestors shout Bread! Bread! Bread!
-Soldier join the demonstrators
-Czar Nicholas abdicates (_____________)
gives up throne and the Duma takes over
-The Duma is a council of advisors who continue the war because they want to
avoid punishment, but this causes further anger among Russians. Allows Lenin to
come to power.
The Czar and his family are put
under house arrest
Lenin
-A socialist who believes in Communism and Marxist thought
communists
-Led the Bolsheviks (___________)
-believed in a small number of elite leading the “revolution” into
communism Lenin was Germany’s “Secret”
-Was exiled but sent back to Russia in April 1917 by
weapon.
Germans
Germany after
the MarchThe
Revolution
of 1917smuggled
Lenin back into Russia during WWI to
help spread a Revolution to force
Russia out of the War.
Lenin’s Goals
Help the elite proletariat rise up against the bourgeoisie and instill
Communism
-Give workers control of the factories and farms
-Gained support through the slogan “Peace, Land, Bread”
Peace, Land, Bread
Get out of WWI
End serfdom and
give peasants
small plots of
private land
Guarantee basic
daily needs
November Revolution 1917
communists take power
-The Bolsheviks (______________)
without bloodshed
Problems:
•To get out of WWI Russia must give up large
amounts of land. Accomplished with the signing
of the Brest-Litovsk treaty
Brest-Litovsk
This treaty helped Russia leave WWI. However,
the Germans punished Russia by taking large
amounts of land.
CedeFormally give up
possession
Civil War
•Civil War between:
•Lenin’s Red Army- Bolsheviks/
communists
•White Army- Czar’s loyalists and Allied
forces
•Reign of Terror- kill opponents and Czar’s
family
•Millions die from starvation as the civil war
drags on for 3 years
The Romanovs
The Czar and his family were placed
under house arrest after his
abdication.
They are relatively safe until Lenin and
the Bolsheviks take control.
Fearing for their lives the Romanov family
begins to plan an escape. They sew jewels
into their clothes and make plans. However,
before they can escape the Romanovs are
taken to the basement and assassinated,
including Anastasia.
USSR- United Soviet Socialist Republics
Lenin’s War Communism- His attempt to
bring strict Marxism to Russia
-Government seizes control of banks, mines,
factories and railroads
-peasants deliver “surplus” food to cities
-Red army becomes highly effective (every
10th man is shot if they fail)
New Economic Policy
Communism fails as the economy plummets
and the People don’t want to grow food for
the cities
Instead, Lenin must resort to his NEPNew Economic Policy- small businesses can
open for PROFIT and farmers can SELL surplus
food for profit.
Is the NEP strict communism? Why or why not?
Stalin comes to Power
Lenin dies suddenly in 1924
Stalin and Trotsky compete for power in the party
Stalin had spent years giving away jobs and these people owed allegiance to him
Trotsky was an educated and talented leader, but lacked support
In the end Stalin is chosen to succeed Lenin and Trotsky goes into exile in South
America where he is later assassinated.
Stalin
Trotsky
Stalin’s 5 year plans
Stalin set up a command economy: the government makes all decisions
Created 5 year plans to
-build industry (industrialize!)
-improve transport
-increase farm output
*The government owns all methods of production*
(factories, businesses and resources)
Command
Capitalist (Free Market)
*Government control
*entrepreneurs own business
*Government makes decisions *Supply and Demand
on production
Totalitarian State
Totalitarian: The Government controls every aspect of daily life
-Great purge to get rid of opponents
-Farms become collectives
peasants work on large state owned
farms called collectives. They had no
control and the government seized
their animals, tools and machines.
-Workers were forced to achieve quotas:
-success= reward
-failure=punishment
-Stalin also abolished the church- Russia became an atheist state which worshipped
Stalin, Lenin or Marx
1937-1938 Purge of the Army
•Members of the Supreme Military Soviet
•Vice-Commissars
•Brigade Commissars
•Marshalls
•Army Commanders
•Brigade Commanders
•Original NumberExecuted
•8075
•1111
•3634
•53
•1614
•397221
Stalin’s propaganda
Russian Communist Symbols:
RED- color of communism
Hammer= factory workers
Sickle= agricultural workers
Together the Workers can
Used propaganda to spread
his message
and enforce
his policies.
create
their own
communist
nation
Socialist Benefits and Drawbacks
Benefits
*Free Education
*Low Cost housing
*Basic survival needs met
*free transportation
*free healthcare
Drawbacks
*Poor quality, crowded housing
*Transportation not reliable
*no way to advance in career
*Communist party members were the
elite
American, French and Russian Revs
American 1776
-Least Radical
-Served as a model
-Democracy
The American and
French Revolutions
gave more power to
the peasants and
middle classes
Russian 1917
French 1789
-seized peasant
land
-executed
thousands
-government takes
absolute control
-Middle class
gained say
-millions die
Review
Which is generally a characteristic of a communist economy?
1. investment is encouraged by the promise of large profits
2. the role of government in the economy is restricted by law
3. government agencies are involved in production planning
4. entrepreneurs sell shares in their companies to the
government
Review
Stalin’s Five-Year Plans and his decision to form collectives
are examples of
1. strategies to modernize the economy of the Soviet Union
through forced communism
2. a more friendly foreign policy toward China
3. methods of dealing with the United States during the
Cold War
4. programs to westernize, educate, and enlighten the
population
Review
A major cause of the Russian Revolution of 1917 was
the
1. defeat of Germany in the Russian campaign
2. marriage of Czar Nicholas II to a German princess
3. existence of sharp economic differences between
social classes
4. appeal of Marxism to the Russian nobility
Review
Which is an accurate statement about the Soviet economy
under the leadership of Joseph Stalin?
1. a large selection of consumer goods became available
2. the Soviet Union increased its industrial output by
developing heavy industry
3. private farmers were encouraged to sell their surplus
produce in an open market
4. the government reduced its role in planning industrial
production
Review
The Russian peasants supported the Bolsheviks in the
1917 Revolutions mainly because the Bolsheviks
promised to
1. establish collective farms
2. maintain the agricultural price-support system
3. bring modern technology to Russian farms
4. redistribute the land owned by the nobility
Review
Which slogan expressed the ideals of the Bolshevik
Revolution of 1917?
1. Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity
2. Bread, Land, and Peace
3. Land and Liberty
4. Nationalism, Democracy, and the People’s
Livelihood
Before During After
Before:
During:
After:
The most EVIL men in history:
Stalin was without a doubt a
ruthless and ambitious leader… but
was he truly the most evil man in
history?