Rock Cycle Guided Notes
1.
Interactions among Earth’s water, air, land, and living things can cause rocks to change from one type to
another. The _________________________________ processes that cause rocks to change make up the
______________ __________________. Changes in rock occur over long periods of time
2. There are three types of rocks:
(1) ____________________________
(2) ____________________________
(3) ____________________________
3. Rocks that are formed from ___________________________ and ________________________________ of
______________________ (molten rock beneath Earth’s surface) or _______________ (on Earth’s surface).
4. Igneous rocks that solidify into rock beneath Earth’s surface. Since magma is
_______________
dense than surrounding rocks, it slowly moves towards the surface. As it rises, it ____________ allowing
elements to
combine and form _______________________ crystals that are easily seen.
6. When magma reaches the surface, it is called ________________. Lava is similar to magma, except in lava
most of the _____________
have escaped. When lava cools __________________ and hardens, it
forms ______________________ crystals that make up fine-grained
rock
called
______________________ igneous rocks.
7. Any rock at Earth’s surface will undergo __________________. Weathering is a process in which rocks are
_________________ and _______________________ broken down by water, air, and living things. The
weathered pieces of earth material are called
________________________.
8. Sediments are moved and eroded by _________________, ________________, ___________________, or
__________________.
Eventually, the sediments
are
______________________
and
_______________________together to form sedimentary rocks.
9. There are ___________ main agents of erosion: wind, water, glaciers, and gravity. Each agent creates
different ______________________.
10.
When an agent of erosion loses _____________, it drops the sediments in a process called
_____________________. The largest
sediments are dropped _____________, followed next by
smaller sediments like sand.
Some sediments are so small they are carried great
____________________ before being dropped.
11. As sediments are dropped, they _____________ other sediments. This creates a __________________
effect over time, similar to what you
see at the __________________ _____________________.
12.
____________________and __________________ change sediments into sedimentary rock.
Compaction _________________ sediments
while ____________________ is caused by the weight
of the sediments pressing particles together. In __________________, dissolved
minerals are deposited
in the tiny spaces among the sediments.
13.
Many unique features of sedimentary rocks are clues to how, when, and where the rocks formed. In
undisturbed sedimentary rocks, the ___________________ layers are found at the bottom, while
the
youngest layers are found at the __________________.
14.
Sedimentary rocks also provide clues about the ________________ change over time. Mud cracks and
ripple marks can indicate ___________ periods as well as formations along beaches or streams.
Sedimentary rocks also indicate a record of _____________ present.
15.
If sedimentary rocks are buried deep underneath the Earth’s surface, they will be exposed to high
_______________ and __________.
With extreme pressure and heat conditions, sedimentary rock
will change into ____________________ rock.
16.
The most important agent for metamorphism is ________________. Heat provides the energy required
for ___________________ reactions to occur. Heat comes from two sources:
(1) ____________________________
(2) change in temperature with ______________________
17.
______________ also increases with depth. Increases in temperature and pressure cause rock to
__________________ rather than fracture (break). Under these conditions, mineral grains will
______________________ and elongate.
18.
Metamorphic
rocks
are
___________________________.
classified
according
______________________
and
There are two types of texture:
(1) _________________________ -A metamorphic rock with a texture that gives the rock a
_________________ (banded) appearance.
(2) ________________________ - A metamorphic rock that does __________ have a banded texture.
19.
Processes driven by heat from Earth’s interior are responsible for the formation of both
__________________ and ___________________ rocks. Weathering and movement of sediments are
driven by ________________ from the Sun. ________________________ ______________ Energy
(mechanical) drives the motion of erosion.