Types of Impairment
Types of Impairment
We will begin with
the drug of ALCOHOL
Alcohol facts and myths
The primary learning outcomes desirable
from this first lesson are as follows:
1)
2)
3)
4)
Become aware of the more relevant facts & myths
concerning alcohol and driving for younger drivers.
That young people are more susceptible to the
dangers of drinking and driving than the other
driving populations.
Explore some of the reasons why the younger driving
population are at a higher risk.
That we all can become victims unless preventative
strategies are learned and utilized.
Alcohol facts and myths
INSTRUCTOR NOTE:
--Students should first complete the
15 question Alcohol knowledge survey
(which follows this slide) -it will serve as an
outline for discussion as the unit unfolds.
Your students should have already
downloaded and printed their own copy
of this survey from website.
Do not discuss these 15 questions now…
…they will all come up later in the lessons.
Students should have also printed out the REVIEW
QUESTIONS – Alcohol Marijuana… they will answer these
questions at end of each of the 4 alcohol related lessons.
ALCOHOL KNOWLEDGE
SURVEY
ANSWER THE QUESTIONS
AS TRUE or FALSE
ACCORDING TO YOUR CURRENT
UNDERSTANDING
(these 15 questions will serve
as an outline for these lessons)
Alcohol survey questions 1-2
1) Alcohol is a drug which acts upon the body
as a depressant in the central nervous
system (brain).
2) Alcohol is a stimulant to the central nervous
system (brain).
Alcohol survey questions 3-4
3) The reason drinking and driving can be
dangerous is that alcohol prevents the brain
from doing those normal functions required
for driving?
4) The cerebrum is affected by alcohol first
before other parts of the brain are affected?
Alcohol survey question 5
5) Drinking tends to make a person feel
more self-confident even though his or
her skills may be decreasing.
Alcohol survey question 6
6) When people drink alcoholic beverages,
they lose their muscular coordination
before they lose their reasoning and
judgmental abilities?
Alcohol survey questions 7-8
7) All the mental and physical abilities
required to operate an automobile are
affected if a person drinks enough?
8) Any person can become unconscious
and even die from drinking too much?
Alcohol survey questions 9-10
9) It takes at least 1 hour for the body to get
rid of the effects of one can of beer?
10) There is no way to sober up quickly.
Coffee, food, fresh air, exercise, or a cold
shower will not help.
Alcohol survey questions 11
11) If a person eats something before
drinking, he or she won’t get drunk.
Alcohol survey questions 12-13
12) The alcoholic causes most of the
alcohol related fatalities on our roads
and highways today.
13) How much a person drinks before
driving should be their own decision.
Alcohol survey questions 14-15
14) If a friend is about to drive after drinking
there is nothing you can do about it.
15) Teens should discuss the alcohol-driving
problem with their parents and come to an
agreement on what to do when problems
arise.
These 15 questions will be considered
as we cover various aspects of the
drinking / drug and driving problem.
Let’s begin with several facts
about alcohol and driving…
ALCOHOL FACTS
Alcohol is involved in about 43%
of all fatal traffic crashes in Canada.
• Alcohol is the #1 killer of teenagers and
young people as a result of vehicle crashes
and teenagers and young adults cause most
of the alcohol related fatalities.
Statistics Canada, Canadian Community Health Survey:
Mental Health and Well Being (Ottawa: Statistics
Canada, 2003) Cat. No. 82-617-XIE.
ALCOHOL FACTS
19-29 year olds are in involved in about 37% of
all fatal traffic crashes in Canada. After age 29
alcohol related deaths begin declining.
• Alcohol is the #1 killer of teenagers and
young people as a result of vehicle crashes
and teenagers and young adults cause most
of the alcohol related fatalities.
Statistics Canada, Canadian Community Health Survey:
Mental Health and Well Being (Ottawa: Statistics
Canada, 2003) Cat. No. 82-617-XIE.
ALCOHOL FACTS
•
Younger drivers are at the greatest risk of being
killed per kilometer driven. In 2001, 43.4 Canadian
drivers aged 16-19 years were killed in motor vehicle
crashes per billion kilometres travelled.
This is more than double the fatalities for 20-24 yearold drivers (21.1), more than 7 times the fatalities for
25-34 year-old drivers (6.0), more than 12 times the
fatalities for 35-44 year-old drivers (3.6), and 14 times
the fatalities for 45-54 year-old drivers (3.1).
Statistics Canada, Canadian Community Health Survey:
Mental Health and Well Being (Ottawa: Statistics
Canada, 2003) Cat. No. 82-617-XIE.
CAN IT
HAPPEN
TO YOU
???
CAN IT
HAPPEN
TO YOU
???
Why are younger drivers involved
in so many traffic collisions?
•
•
•
•
Inexperienced as drivers
Inexperienced at drinking
More susceptible to peer influences
Teens drive in high risk situations
- at night on weekends
- at higher speeds
What about intoxicated pedestrians?
IN CANADA
• Of the 295 fatally injured pedestrians
who were tested in 1997, 45% had been
drinking.
• The majority of the alcohol-positive
pedestrian fatalities had a BAC over
0.08% and the average BAC was 0.210%.
Transport Canada, Transport Canada Fact Sheet
#RS2001-01 (February 2001)
ALCOHOL FACTS
Alcohol related crashes happen at all hours,
but especially at night during weekends.
Statistically, most alcohol related fatalities
occur after midnight on weekends
and at holiday periods.
• Male drivers are three times more likely
to be involved in a fatality than females.
When males drink they are are
usually more aggressive drivers.
Males are doing most of the driving
during the high risk times.
Many males are more susceptible to
peer pressure to take chances and
drive fast.
86% of the
cases involved
males.
Review time…how much do you remember?
1) Alcohol is involved in about ______% of all fatal crashes.
2) True or False: Alcohol is the #2 killer of teenagers and
young people as a result of vehicle crashes; and
teenagers and young adults cause most of the alcohol
related fatalities___________
3) Young people are involved in most alcohol related
collisions because they are both inexperienced _________
and inexperienced __________
4) Many teens are also susceptible to peer ___________
5) Many teens also drive at high-risk times, at night
and on the weekends. They also have a tendency to
drive:________
6) True or False: Statistically, most alcohol related fatalities
occur after midnight on weekends and at holiday periods.
_______
7) Females are three times more likely to be involved in a
alcohol related fatality than males. True or False: ______
8) When males, drink they are usually more
_____________ drivers.
9) True or False: If we do not take proper precautions, we
increase the possibility of becoming a victim of a alcohol
related crash. _______
10) After what age, do alcohol-related crashes start
declining? ________
This next section will focus upon
the effects of Alcohol Impairment
Progressive effects of Alcohol
The primary learning outcomes desirable
this 2nd lesson are as follows:
from
1)
Understand the progressive debilitating effects
of alcohol upon the body and brain.
2)
Make relevant applications of this knowledge.
3)
Understand that binge drinking can lead to overdose
and death.
4)
An understanding that only time eliminates
alcohol from the body.
This 19 year old had a BAC
(blood alcohol concentration) of over .20
Alcohol survey questions 1-2
1)
Alcohol is a drug which acts upon the body as a
depressant in the central nervous system (brain).
TRUE
2)
Let’s now notice some facts about
Alcohol
slows
functions
the process
ofbrain
intoxication...
Alcohol is a stimulant to the central nervous
system (brain).
FALSE – although at lower BAC levels it does
act as a stimulant.
What determines how fast
a person becomes
intoxicated?
• SIZE OF PERSON
(body weight)
• METABOLISM
(how fast the body works)
• TYPE OF BEVERAGE
CONSUMED
• RATE OF DRINKING
• FOOD IN STOMACH
Lighter
individuals
will become
intoxicated
with less
alcohol
consumed
than heavier
people
Let’s now explore the
progression of intoxication
The progressive effects of intoxication
Once in the
stomach...
…it proceeds
through the
stomach wall
lining…
...directly into
the blood
stream.
We’ll trace the flow of
alcohol from the time one
starts to drink until
complete intoxication
Within
a few
minutes,
alcohol
affects the
brain
reducing
the normal
flow of
oxygen to
the brain.
Alcohol survey questions 3-4
3)
The reason drinking and driving can be dangerous
is that alcohol prevents the brain from doing those
normal functions required for driving?
TRUE
4)
Again, the reduction of oxygen and the direct
effect of the alcohol impairs the brain’s functions
The cerebrum is affected by alcohol first before other
parts of the brain are affected?
TRUE
CEREBRUM
- thinking and
reasoning
processes
slow down
(takes 2-3 times
longer to decide
what to do)
- memory
affected
- judgment
impaired
(driver takes
risky chances)
CEREBRUM
within
10-20
minutes
Alcohol survey question 5
5) Drinking tends to make a person feel
more self-confident even though his or
her skills may be decreasing.
TRUE
A false sense of self-confidence
is experienced as the euphoria
intensifies in the Brain Stem.
BRAIN STEM
CEREBRUM
- Euphoria sets in
(the high) results in
a false sense of
overconfidence
BRAIN STEM
another
10-20
minutes
- Inhibitions
are released
silly, loud,
depressed,
obnoxious
- Emotions
intensified
- also controls
heart beat and
breathing
within
10-20
minutes
How can stronger
emotions affect driving?
(give some examples)
Alcohol survey question 6
6)
When people drink alcoholic beverages, they
lose their muscular coordination before they
lose their reasoning and judgmental abilities?
FALSE
If drinking continues, the next
part of the brain affected
is the cerebellum
CEREBELLUM
controls muscle
coordination
Large muscles:
arms & legs;
then smaller
muscles: eyes
and tongue
slurred
speech
blurry vision
Driver has major
difficulty
controlling
vehicle
CEREBRUM
TOTALLY
INTOXICATED
BRAIN STEM
CEREBELLUM
10-20
min.
10-20
min.
10-20
min.
30-60
minutes
total
time
HOW IS THIS
INFORMATION
IMPORTANT?
You or a friend
who is driving
you…may be
in STAGE 2,
(Brain Stem)
- not showing
any physical
coordination
problems
as of yet…
you may think
it is safe to
drive or ride
with that person.
CEREBRUM
TOTALLY
INTOXICATED
BRAIN STEM
CEREBELLUM
10-20
min.
10-20
min.
10-20
min.
…but in a short time the alcohol
will begin to affect the muscular
coordination and vision.
30-60
minutes
total
time
ONE WAY
ONE WAY
50
50
50
STOP
STOP
After several drinks a driver may see multiple images
A driver in an advance stage of intoxication
would have difficulty seeing this pedestrian
Night vision is significantly reduced after drinking.
Alcohol survey questions 7-8
7) All the mental and physical abilities
required to operate an automobile are
affected if a person drinks enough?
TRUE
8) A person can become unconscious and
even die from drinking too much?
TRUE
It is
possible to
overdose
on alcohol
and die!
If at a party a friend of yours has been
taking large repeated gulps (chugging)
straight from a whiskey bottle…
WHAT CAN YOU DO?
Alcohol survey questions 9-10
9) It takes at least 1 hour for the body to
get rid of the effects of one can of beer?
TRUE
10) There is no way to sober up quickly.
Coffee, food, fresh air, exercise, or a cold
shower will not help.
TIME is the only way
TRUE
Alcohol survey question 11
11) If a person eats something before
drinking, he or she won’t get drunk.
FALSE
But it will take a little longer getting into the bloodstream
because the food slows down the absorption.
Review time…how much do you remember?
1) Soon after alcohol is consumed, it begins to enter the
____________through the stomach wall lining & intestines.
2) True or False: Lighter individuals will become
intoxicated with less alcohol consumed than heavier
people.______
3) As alcohol enters the cerebrum it begins to slow down the
brain’s ability to think and reason. This means drivers take
_____________ to decide what to do (IPDE process).
4) Also in the cerebrum, the alcohol impairs a person’s
better ___________. They tend to take risky chances.
5) When the alcohol reaches the Brain Stem the euphoria
intensifies which often releases a person’s ___________
which can result in behaviors they usually refrain from.
6) True or False: These stronger emotions released by the
effect of alcohol can adversely affect ones driving.____
7) As alcohol moves into the lower part of the brain
(Cerebellum) it begins to affect the ________coordination.
8) The large muscles like the __________ are first affected;
then the smaller muscles like those that focus the
______are affected, causing the driver’s vision to be
greatly impaired.
9) True or False: Knowing these progressive effects are
important because we may think we are okay, but the
alcohol may soon be affecting our coordination and vision
…making us even more dangerous _______
10) All the physical and mental abilities are affected if a
person continues to _________
11) True or False: If you drink too much it is possible to
overdose on alcohol and even die. _______
12) If at a party, a friend is taking large gulps from a
whiskey bottle you should try to _________________
13) It takes the body (liver) at least _______ to eliminate
the alcohol from the body for each drink consumed.
14) True or False: If after drinking, if you get some good
exercise or strong coffee, it will reduce the time it takes to
sober up. _________
15) True or False: Eating a heavy meal before consuming
alcohol, will absorb most of it, minimizing its affects.
______
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