Warm-Up:
The shaded sequence of nucleotides is for a gene from DNA that is
similar to what you might find from a living human (Living DNA). The
rest are sequences from five different ancestors. Sort the sequences
starting with the living human to the most distant ancestor.
Date
1/15-16
1/20-21
Session #
Activity
Page #
Evidence of Evolution Notes
32
Genotype vs Phenotype
Quick Write
33
Taxonomy Notes
34
Cladograms
35
h/w: read pages 43B-49B, 54B-56B, 62B-67B
Evolution Vocab 2 definitions & images &/or examples
8.L.4 Understand the evolution of organisms and
landforms based on evidence, theories and
processes that impact the earth over time.
8.L.4.1 Summarize the use of evidence drawn
from geology, fossils, and comparative anatomy to
form the basis for biological classification systems
and the theory of evolution
TLW analyze evolutionary relationship between
organisms using evidence of evolution and
phylogenetic trees to complete several w/s
activities.
Kingdom Card Sort
There are 6 major classifications of living
organisms. With your partners, sort the set of
organism cards into six different groups. Be
prepared to discuss the criteria you used to
decide which group to place on organism in.
Kingdoms
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Archaebacteria
Eubacteria
Protists
Fungus
Plants
Animals
Modern System a Nested Hierarchy-Seven
Levels of Organization
Kingdoms are divided into phylum
Phylum are divided into a smaller groups
called classes.
Classes are divided into an orders.
Orders are divided into families
Family are divided into a genus
Genus are divided into species
Classification Hierarchy of Organisms
The more closely two different species are related,
the more levels of classification they share.
To classify organisms, modern taxonomist
consider the evolutionary history of the
organism.
The fossil record often provides clues to evolutionary
relationships
It cannot be read like a story book because some
fossil records are incomplete
Taxonomists consider other evidence to confirm
information contained within the fossil record with
other lines of evidence, like…
……….Comparative Anatomy (Homologous
structures, vestigial structures), embryology,
DNA, shared chemicals & chemical processes.
Practice using taxonomy
classifications to determine
relatedness of different species
Cladogram
or
Phylogenetic Tree
• Using patterns of shared traits, biologists
construct a branching diagram called a
cladogram (or phylogenetic tree.)
• It shows show the sequence in which
different groups of organisms evolved
P 36
Phylogenetic trees allow us to predict characteristics of living
organisms not yet studied.
•The Pacific Yew produces a chemical called taxol that is used in treating
cancer. 100,000 lbs of bark would be needed for clinical trials, and bark
collection kills the tree. Based on the evolutionary relationships among
yew species, biologists expected that close relatives of the Pacific Yew
might produce similarly effective compounds
•The leaves of the European Yew contain a related compound
that can also be used to efficiently produce Taxol. Taxol is now
widely available for cancer treatment.
Which organisms are most closely
related?
Practice
Green plants (viridiplntae) break down into what 2 groups?
Practice
In land plants which of the two taxa (groups) is the oldest?
Practice
What vascular plant came next?
Practice
What type of plants occurred next ?
http://lcmrschooldistrict.com/roth/PowerPoint_Lectures/chapter18/vi
deos_animations/cladogram_interpretation.html
Practice
Phylogenetic Tree Worksheet
Quick Write p33
Summarize 2 types of evidence we have
learned and how it is used to classify organisms
and support the theory of evolution