THE GREAT DEPRESSION
&
THE NEW DEAL
Honors World History
WHAT CAUSED THE GREAT
DEPRESSION?
 During the booming 20’s there was a massive amount of consumer
spending.
 People were using credit to buy goods
 Investors were buying stocks on margin
 Industries and farms were overproducing after WWI
THE BOTTOM FELL OUT
 Black Tuesday (Oct. 29, 1929) – 16 million shares were traded in
the stock market…panic ensued.
HERBERT HOOVER
(1929-1933)
HERBERT HOOVER
(1929-1933)
 The stock market crash happened less than 8 moths after he
took office.
 Hoover tried to combat the effects of the Great Depression with
moderate govt. public works projects like the Hoover Dam, raising
tariffs, and balancing the budget. His efforts were not enough.
 The American people used Hoover as a scapegoat to blame their
problems on, and he lost the presidential election of 1932.
THEODORE ROOSEVELT
(1933-1945)
FRANKLIN ROOSEVELT
(1933-1945)
 Won the 1932 presidential election by a landslide.
 The first thing he did upon taking office was pass the 21st
Amendment.
 Came up with the New Deal programs of Relief, Recovery,
and Reform.
 Built the New Deal Coalition
THE FIRST 100 DAYS
 The First 100 Days was a term given to the time span in which 15
laws were passed to help the U.S. recover from the Great
Depression.
THE NEW DEAL
 The "First New Deal" (1933–34) dealt with the pressing banking crises
through the Emergency Banking Act & 1933 Banking Act. The
Federal Emergency Relief Administration provided $500 million for
relief operations by states and cities, while the short lived CWA (Civil
Works Admin) gave localities money to operate make work projects in
1933-1934. The Securities Act of 1933 was enacted to prevent a
repeated stock market crash. The controversial work of the National
Recovery Admin was also a part of the First New Deal.
THE NEW DEAL
 The “Second” New Deal was a term used to describe the second
stage of FDR’s New Deal programs.
 Five Major Goals: improved use of national resources, security
against old age, unemployment and illness, and slums clearance, as
well as a national welfare program (WPA) to replace state relief
efforts.
NEW DEAL PROGRAMS
WAGNER ACT
 The National Labor Relations Act
(Wagner Act) was to guarantee the
rights of the workers by supervising
union elections and blocking unfair labor
practices.
PRESSING ISSUES
 The BIG issues taking place during the 1936 and 1940 Presidential
Elections were the Great Depression and the looming war going on
in Europe.
 In 1939 WW II began
 FDR won the 1940 election
FDR’S BRAIN TRUST
 During their first one hundred days in office as the president’s
advisors, the Brains Trust helped Roosevelt enact fifteen major
laws. One of the most important initiatives was the Banking Act of
1933, which put an end to the banking panic. After the Brains Trust
defended its reform-recovery program in 1933, it disbanded to make
room for other advisers and lawyers capable of legislative
draftsmanship.
AAA
 The Agricultural Adjustment Administration helped farmers
 Part of the New Deal, the 1933 Agricultural Adjustment Act
placed restrictions on farm production and paid government subsidies
to growers of staple crops. Money for the payments was raised by a
processing tax on middlemen. The object was to raise farm prices, but
it proved counterproductive for tenant farmers and sharecroppers. It
was declared unconstitutional in 1936.
SEC
 The Securities and Exchange Commission oversees the stock
market and helps to make sure another stock market crash doesn’t
happen.
THE POWER OF WORDS
 FDR needed a way to to give encouragement, as well as
information to the people across the country. To do this, he did a
series of 30 evening radio shows that were aired across the country.
 These shows were called Fireside Chats, and they helped to give
people an understanding of the ND programs and gain confidence in
the govt.
THE DIRTY THIRTIES
 The Dust Bowl - During the drought of the
1930s, the unanchored soil turned to dust, which
the prevailing winds blew away in huge clouds that
sometimes blackened the sky. These choking
billows of dust – named "black blizzards" or
"black rollers" – traveled cross country from the
Midwest, reaching as far as the East Coast and
striking such cities as New York City and
Washington, D.C.
FAIR LABOR
STANDARDS ACT
 The Fair Labor Standards Act set minimum wage at .40 cents an
hour and the standard work week to 44 hours. Anything over 44
hours was considered overtime and the employee would get paid time
and a half ( or .60 cents an hour). This act also prohibited child labor.
Children under 18 could not do dangerous jobs (ex. Mining) and
children under 17 could not work during school hours.
SUPREME COURT
PACKING PLAN
 By adding more justices to the supreme court FDR would be able
to neutralize the justices that were against his New Deal programs.
 This Court Packing Plan was rejected by congress.
MIGRANT/WOMAN
MOTHER
 This was a famous picture of a
woman and her children in a tent,
from a Hooverville, during the
Great Depression.
FRANCES PERKINS
 Frances Perkins was
the first female
appointed to the
president’s cabinet as
the U.S. Secretary of
Labor from 1933-1945.
RECAP
 During years of 1937-1938 the Great Depression got worse.
 FDR told the people, “we have nothing to fear, but fear itself.” This speaks
to the idea that fear can paralyze one from progress, from moving
forward, from succeeding, despite any challenges. We need not fear
tomorrow or the next day. The only thing we should be afraid of (and thus
rebuff) is that fear which keeps us mired in self-pity and loss. If we can
overcome that, we can move forward.
 The New Deal was an economic program created by FDR and his brain
trust to help the U.S. recover from the Great Depression.
20 TH AMENDMENT
 The 20th amendment is a simple amendment that sets the dates
at which federal (United States) government elected offices end. That
the president takes office (is inaugurated) on January 20. It also
defines who succeeds the president if the president dies. This
amendment was ratified on January 23, 1933.
21 ST AMENDMENT
 The 21st amendment repealed the 18th amendment in 1933,
which had mandated nationwide Prohibition on alcohol on January
17, 1920. The Twenty-first Amendment was ratified on December
5, 1933.
HELPING THE
UNEMPLOYED
 The CCC, WPA, PWA, and CWA were all programs set forth to
help the unemployed.
 The New Deal’s economic philosophy was to get the U.S. economy
out of the Great Depression. It worked to an extent, but wasn’t
completely successful.
# 33 is repetitive…the programs were partially successful.
THE GRAPES OF WRATH
 This was a book about
the Joad family moving
from their Oklahoma farm
to California and
becoming migrant
workers after fleeing the
Dust Bowl.
FEEDING THE HUNGRY
 Starvation existed in
the U.S. during the
Great Depression. The
government handed
out free food to those
willing to stand and wait
in the breadlines.
END OF THE GREAT
DEPRESSION
 The GD ended when
WW2 started in 1939. The U.S.
factories began to build war
equipment and needed to hire
more American workers. The
U.S. officially entered WW2 in
1941 with the bombing of
Pearl Harbor.