Biology
May 6, 2013
Objectives:
Intro into Animals Notes
Assignment: Vocab Terms
Grab notes
sheet from side
table!
NEED BOOKS THIS WEEK!!
Vocab Quiz Wednesday!!!
Ch 23
Intro to Animals;
Sponges & Cnidarians
Chapter 26
Animal Characteristics
1. Heterotrophic
(herbivores, carnivores, omnivores)
- they depend upon other
living things in the environment for
food.
2. Multicellular
- Different cells have different
functions such as digesting food,
getting rid of waste, reproduction, etc.
(specialization)
3. Are
eukaryotic =
has a
nucleus &
membranebound
organelles
4. No cell walls
- Unlike plants, fungi, & bacteria
Animal Classification
Vertebrates have a
backbone
Invertebrates - don’t
have a backbone,…
-They make up
97% of all species
(sponges, Cnidaria,
flatworms, roundworms, mollusks,
insects)
What Animals Do to Survive
- Many body functions help animals
maintain homeostasis
1. Feeding
6. Movement
2. Respiration
7. Reproduction
3. Circulation
4. Excretion
5. Response
1. Feeding
- Animals are heterotrophs, so they
have to ingest food & digest the
nutrients
2. Respiration
- take in O2 & release CO2
3. Circulation
- Moves materials around w/i their bodies
- Some animals can rely on diffusion to
move materials
4. Excretion
- Most waste is ammonia (a poison to
animals)
- Is eliminated or converted to something
less toxic & removed
5. Response
- Nerve cells allow organisms to respond
to their environment; not all org’s have
nervous systems
6. Movement
- Most animals move; with the help of
muscles & skeleton
- If they cannot move; have adaptations
that allow them to meet their needs
7. Reproduction
- Most reproduce sexually
- Some can also reproduce asexually
BODY SYMMETRY
1.Asymmetrical –
no pattern
2. Radial Symmetry –
an axis (circle around
a central point)
3. Bilateral – 2 sides which are a left
& right side that mirror each other
anterior – front end
posterior – rear end
dorsal – back or top
ventral - belly
*Note: animals in a group have similar
characteristics because they have
similar evolutionary histories.
Cephalization: concentration of
sense organs & nerve cells at the
front end of the body
-org’s w/ cephalization react to
environment quickly & in complex
ways
- the more complex organisms have
more complex cephalization (bigger
brains)
-Most animals also have a body cavity:
a fluid-filled space that lies between
the digestive tract & the body wall
-- provides a place for internal organs
Assignment
Look up Vocab Terms. If they
are not in your book they are in
your notes! You should find
ALL WORDS!!
QUIZ WEDNESDAY!
SPONGES!!
PHYLUM PORIFERA
“Pores”
• Least complex animals
• Simple body plans
• No body tissues, organs, or
systems
Characteristics
•Live in water (mostly salt
water)
•Many shapes, sizes, colors
• Most are asymmetrical
(a few radial)
• Adult sponges are
sessile = don’t move
• Often found in colonies
Obtaining Food
• Food is filtered out of the water = filter
feeding
• Choanocytes (collar cells) pull the
water thru the ostia (pores)
• have flagella that help move water thru
bringing in O2 & carrying away wastes
(leaves via osculum (hole at top)
Choanocyte
(Collar cells)
The movement
of water thru
the sponge
provides a
simple
mechanism for
feeding,
respiration,
circulation, and
excretion.
ostia
Sponge Bodies
• May contain a “skeleton” of:
1. Spicules – sharp & pointed, often
made of silicon or calcium
2. Spongin – fibrous material
3. Both spicules & spongin
Reproduction
• Sponges can reproduce
asexually and sexually
I’m a chip off
the old block!
1) Asexual
–producing buds
–regeneration (growth) of missing
parts
2) Sexually
• joining of egg and sperm
• Most are hermaphrodites can produce
both eggs and sperm
Sexual
Reproduction
Phylum: Cnidaria
Cnidarians
(Stinging celled animals)
• Ex: coral (live in colonies), sea
anemone, jellyfish, hydra (freshwater,
live in colonies)
Jellyfish
JELLYFISH
Characteristics
• Live individually except coral & hydra
• Coral live as a colony of polyps
covered by calcium carbonate
(polyps join together to form a coral
reef)
• Live in salt water
except hydra
•Radially symmetrical
•Have 2 cell layers, tissues, & a
digestive cavity
•Arm-like tentacles surround
mouth (tentacles contain stinging
cells used to capture food & to
protect)
•Stinging cells
(cnidocytes) contain
a capsule which
explodes & shoots out
a thread w/poison
(nematocysts)
- prey is paralyzed
by the poison & the
tentacles pull it back
to the body into the
mouth
2 Body Plans
• Polyp – vaselike
• Sessile
• Hydra, sea
anemone
• Medusa – bell
shaped
• Free swimming
• Jellyfish
Reproduction
Medusa
• Have both sexual &
asexual stages to
complete the cycle
• Sexually for freeswimming
Polyps
• Fertilized eggs
become
the
larva
• Asexually by
•
Larva
settle
&
form
buds which fall
polyp
off parent
• Asexually when
• Sexually w/egg
young medusa bud &
break off
& sperm
- have a nerve net
that connects all
parts of organism.
- Allows for simple
responses &
movement.
CORAL
• Found in warm tropical seas between
30o north & 30o south latitude
• Many sea anemones attach to dead
coral
• Reef is composed of a base of dead
coral cemented together & living
coral at surface
• Help protect beaches &
shorelines/used for recreation
(diving, snorkeling)