html & xhtml - Seattle Central College
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HTML & XHTML Introduction First HTML 1992 Marked-up text to represent a hypertext document for transmission over the network The hypertext mark-up language is an SGML format The 1st web page was created Versions of HTML - HTML 2.0 1996 Can represent hypertext news, mail, documentation, and hypermedia; Menus of options; Database query results; Simple structured documents with inlined graphics HTML 3.2 Tables, applets, text-flow around images, superscripts and subscripts Provided backwards compatibility with the existing HTML 2.0 Standard. HTML 4.0 & 4.01 Supports more Multimedia options Scripting languages Style sheets Better printing facilities Accessible to users with disabilities Internationalization of documents Last of HTML XML eXtensible Markup Language Developed by the W3C A subset of SGML constituting a particular text markup language for interchange of structured data A flexible way to create standard information structure Share data & structure over the Web Example XML file CSS file More at http://www.xml.com/ Sample XML <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <?xml-stylesheet type="text/css" href="bellvideocss.css"?> <!-- File Name: bellvideo.xml --> <!DOCTYPE Video [ <!ELEMENT Video (Movie+)> <!ELEMENT Movie (Year, Title, Director, Type, Actor_Male, Actor_Female, Time, Rating)> <!ELEMENT Year (#PCDATA)> <!ELEMENT Title (#PCDATA)> <!ELEMENT Director (#PCDATA)> <!ELEMENT Type (#PCDATA)> <!ELEMENT Actor_Male (#PCDATA)> <!ELEMENT Actor_Female (#PCDATA)> <!ELEMENT Time (#PCDATA)> <!ELEMENT Rating (#PCDATA)> ] > <Video> <Movie> <Year>1996</Year> <Title>Mission: Impossible</Title> <Director>Brian De Palma</Director> <Type>Action</Type> <Actor_Male>Tom Cruise</Actor_Male> <Actor_Female>Emmanuelle Beart</Actor_Female> <Time>110</Time> <Rating>PG-13</Rating> </Movie> <Movie> <Year>2004</Year> <Title>Home on the Range</Title> <Director>Will Finn</Director> <Type>Comedy</Type> <Actor_Male>G.W. Bailey</Actor_Male> <Actor_Female>Roseanne</Actor_Female> <Time>76</Time> <Rating>PG</Rating> </Movie> </Video> HTML + XML XHTML Extensible Hypertext Markup Language Application of XML Successor to HTML Reformulation of HTML 4.0 in XML 1.0 Stricter remaking of HTML Deprecated tags – phasing out some tags from HTML 4.01 Rules of XHTML Use all lowercase letters for tags Nest elements correctly <b><i>This is wrong.</b></i> <b><i>This is right.</i></b>. Always use end tags End empty elements <br> <br /> <hr> <hr /> Error in page 57 in the textbook Rules of XHTML (cont.) Use quotation marks for values Give every attribute a value <h1 align=center> <h1 align=“center“> <hr noshade /> <hr noshade=“noshade” /> Use code for special characters <img alt="Me & My Son"> <img alt="Me &amp; My Son">. Rules of XHTML (cont.) Use id insead of name < a name=“toc”> <a id=“toc”> Put styles and scripts in separate file Declare DOCTYPE Resource: http://personalweb.about.com/od/basichtml/a/409xhtml.htm Template <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en"> <head> <title>TITLE OF PAGE GOES HERE</title> </head> <body> CONTENT OF PAGE GOES HERE. </body> </html>
