AP BIOLOGY-EXAM REVIEW –Cellular Energetics
An Introduction to Metabolism (8), Cellular Respiration and Fermentations (9) and Photosynthesis (10)
Metabolism
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What is free energy and how is the change in free energy calculated?
Compare endergonic and exergonic reaction and related them to photosynthesis and respiration.
Define each in a sentence: redox reactions, oxidation, reduction, reducing agent and oxidizing agent.
Why is being “reduced” equivalent to having a greater potential energy?
Explain the role enzymes play in metabolism.
Cellular Respiration
1. Compare the two catabolic pathways:
a. Fermentation
b. Cellular respiration
2. In cellular respiration, what is being oxidized and what is being reduced?
3. Explain the use of coenzymes NAD+ and FAD+
4. Why is having electron transport chains an advantage to living systems?
5. What are the three stages of aerobic cellular respiration and the purpose of each?
6. What is substrate-level phosphorylation?
7. Complete the chart below re: glycolysis
8. What is oxidative phosphorylation and where does it occur during respiration?
9. What is chemiosmosis and apply it to the diagram below?
10. Complete the summary diagram of cellular respiration.
Photosynthesis
1. Explain how transpiration, cohesion, and tension work together to move water in a large plant.
2. Label the diagram below.
3. Use the diagram to label and identify the two main stages of photosynthesis.
4. What is a photon?
5. Why are leaves green?
6. What is the difference between an absorption spectra and action spectrum?
7. What happens to chlorophyll when it is hit by light? How does this relate to potential energy?
8. Identify the following:
a. Photosystem 2 –
b. Photosystem 1 –
9. How is noncyclic electron flow the same AND different from cyclic flow?
10. Compare AND contrast chemiosmosis in mitochondria and chloroplasts.
11. Label the diagram below to summarize the activities in the light reactions of photosynthesis.
12. Explain the purpose of the Calvin cycle.
13. Describe each step listed below:
a. Carbon fixation
b. Reduction
c. Regeneration
14. Why did plants need to evolve adaptations for hot, arid climates?
15. What is the enzyme that starts the Calvin cycle and how does it work?
16. Why is photorespiration such a “waste”?
17. What are CAM plants and what is their “advantage”?