Bio 9B: Wednesday, 2.9.11
Title: The Cell Cycle

Homework:


Do Now:
Put the following in order from largest to smallest:





Review Section 10-2 (pgs. 244-249).
 Review the stages of Mitosis
Gene
Chromosome
Nucleotide
DNA
Today’s Objectives:


Describe the structure of a chromosome.
Describe the purpose and the 4 major steps of the cell cycle.
THE CELL CYCLE
& MITOSIS
PHA Biology 9
Moretti/ Dickson
Chromosome Review
Chromosomes: DNA tightly
coiled around little protein balls
(histones) to make it very compact
Chromosomes
unraveling into
DNA
Nucleotide
Base Pairs
Another Gene: instructions for
making a different protein that
determines a different trait
DNA
Gene: Instructions for
making a protein that
determines a trait
Chromosome Review
Contain DNA
 Number varies with
organism:

 Humans:
46
 Cats:
32
 Dogs: 72
Objectives for Class:
•Describe the structure of a chromosome.
•Describe the purpose and the 4 major steps of the cell cycle.
The Cell Cycle: Overview


One cell grows and
divides into two new
cells
Purpose:
 Growth
 Replace
dead cells
 Repair tissues after
injury
 Asexual reproduction
(in single-celled
organisms)
Amoeba reproducing
Major Steps of the Cell Cycle


Interphase: growth; copying of chromosomes &
organelles
 G1 phase: Cell grows
 S phase: DNA replicates
 G2 phase: More growth;
cell prepares to divide
M-Phase:


Mitosis Chromosomes separate
to form two new nuclei
Cytokinesis: Cell splits to form two new identical cells
Objectives for Class:
•Describe the structure of a chromosome.
•Describe the purpose and the 4 major steps of the cell cycle.
What do you notice about the
chromosomes in G1 versus G2?
Objectives for Class:
•Describe the structure of a chromosome.
•Describe the purpose and the 4 major steps of the cell cycle.
Chromosome Replication During
the Cell Cycle
G1 Phase:

G2 Phase:
Chromosomes are un-replicated each contains one copy of its DNA
Un-Replicated
Chromosome
Centromere –
a small spot in
the center of a
chromosome

Chromosomes are replicated - each
contains two exact copies of its DNA
S Phase:
DNA Replication creates
replicated chromosomes
Sister Chromatids
– two halves of a replicated chromosome
– exact copies of each other
Objectives for Class:
•Describe the structure of a chromosome.
•Describe the purpose and the 4 major steps of the cell cycle.
Centromere
Replicated
Chromosome
More Images of Chromosome
Replication
Objectives for Class:
•Describe the structure of a chromosome.
•Describe the purpose and the 4 major steps of the cell cycle.
Bio 9B: Thursday, 2.10.11
Title: Mitosis Investigations

Homework:
 Complete

Discussion Questions from the Investigation
Do Now:
 Why

Double Block
do chromosomes replicate and divide?
Today’s Objectives:
 Explain how mitosis separates the cell’s DNA into two
different nuclei to create two new cells
Why do Chromosomes Replicate?


Objectives for Class:
•Describe the structure of a chromosome.
•Describe the purpose and the 4 major steps of the cell cycle.
So they can split during
mitosis and separate
into two new cells
Each cell gets an exact
copy of each
chromosome!
Mitosis Investigations

Investigation 1: Mitosis Trading Cards Activity

Working in Pairs, match the picture of the stage of the
cell cycle and/ or stage of mitosis with the written
explanation of that picture.
Choose one of the following 2 options for your second Investigation

Investigation 2 Option A: Plant Cells in Mitosis


Using Microscopes, observe real plant cells in different
stages of mitosis.
Investigation 2 Option B: Mitosis Pipe Cleaner
Simulation

Using pipe cleaners, model the movement of
chromosomes through the stages of mitosis by moving
and repositioning pipe cleaners in each stage.
Note: Investigation 1 should go into your notes. Investigation 2 will be
completed for credit – project/ lab grade
Objectives for Class:
•Explain how mitosis separates the cell’s DNA into two different nuclei to create two new cells.
Bio 9B: Monday, 2.14.11
Title: Stages of Mitosis Investigations – Per3

Homework:


Complete the Investigation II Discussion Questions
Do Now:
1. For each cell shown below: How many chromosomes are there?
Are they un-replicated or replicated?
a)
b)
c)
2. Why is it important for chromosomes to replicate during the cell
cycle?

Today’s Objectives:

Explain how mitosis separates the cell’s DNA into two different nuclei to
create two new cells
Mitosis Investigations

Investigation 1: Mitosis Trading Cards Activity

Working in Pairs, match the picture of the stage of the
cell cycle and/ or stage of mitosis with the written
explanation of that picture.
Choose one of the following 2 options for your second Investigation

Investigation 2 Option A: Plant Cells in Mitosis


Using Microscopes, observe real plant cells in different
stages of mitosis.
Investigation 2 Option B: Mitosis Pipe Cleaner
Simulation

Using pipe cleaners, model the movement of
chromosomes through the stages of mitosis by moving
and repositioning pipe cleaners in each stage.
Note: Investigation 1 should go into your notes. Investigation 2 will be
completed for credit – project/ lab grade
Objectives for Class:
•Explain how mitosis separates the cell’s DNA into two different nuclei to create two new cells.
Bio 9B: Tuesday, 2.15.11
Title: Stages of Mitosis Review

Homework:
 Study

Do Now:
 Next

for tomorrow’s quiz – see assignment sheet for review
Slide…
Today’s Objectives:

Explain how mitosis separates the cell’s DNA into two different
nuclei to create two new cells
Short Activity: Plant Cells in Mitosis
Can you identify the different stages?
Objectives for Class:
•Explain how mitosis separates the cell’s DNA into two different nuclei to create two new cells.
Mitosis Whole-Class Review
M-Phase: Mitotic Division


Mitosis:
Chromosomes separate to form two
new nuclei
Cytokinesis:
Cell splits to form two new identical
cells
Objectives for Class:
Describe the purpose and steps of mitosis and cytokinesis.
Draw diagrams showing how mitosis/cytokinesis separate chromosomes into two new cells.
Stages of Mitosis
Cell Division in Mitosis
• Animal Cell Mitosis under the Microscope:
• 12_06AnimalMitosis_SV.mpg
• Stages of Mitosis Video:
• Mitosis.mpg
Interphase
Animal Cell
Plant Cells
Objectives for Class:
•Explain how mitosis separates the cell’s DNA into two different nuclei to create two new cells.
Mitosis Stages: Prophase


Mitosis begins (cell begins to divide)
Spindle fibers form between the ends (poles) of cell.
Objectives for Class:
•Explain how mitosis separates the cell’s DNA into two different nuclei to create two new cells.
Mitosis Stages: Metaphase


Chromosomes line up at the center of the cell
Spindle fibers attach to sister chromatids, as they prepare to
pull them apart
Objectives for Class:
•Explain how mitosis separates the cell’s DNA into two different nuclei to create two new cells.
Mitosis Stages: Anaphase

Chromatids (or pairs of chromosomes) separate and
begin to move to opposite ends of the cell
Objectives for Class:
•Explain how mitosis separates the cell’s DNA into two different nuclei to create two new cells.
Mitosis Stages: Telophase



Two new nuclei form
Chromosomes appear as chromatin (threads rather than rods)
Mitosis ENDS
Objectives for Class:
•Explain how mitosis separates the cell’s DNA into two different nuclei to create two new cells.
Cytokinesis

Cell membrane moves inward to create two daughter cells – each with
its own nucleus with identical chromosomes
Objectives for Class:
•Explain how mitosis separates the cell’s DNA into two different nuclei to create two new cells.
Stages of Mitosis
Objectives for Class:
•Explain how mitosis separates the cell’s DNA into two different nuclei to create two new cells.
Mitosis Individual Review Time
Quiz Review:
DNA Structure & Replication and the Cell Cycle

Diagram and describe the structure of DNA and…





Label the following parts:

deoxyribose sugar

phosphate

nitrogenous bases

hydrogen bonds.
Show proper pairing between nitrogenous
bases.
Diagram and describe the structure of a chromosome.

Draw a chromosome and label the centromere
and sister chromatids.

Distinguish between un-replicated and replicated
chromosomes.

Explain the purpose and overall result of the cell cycle.

Describe what happens in each step of the cell cycle:

Define each of the following terms and explain how
they all relate to each other:
Interphase

G1 phase

S phase

G2 phase

DNA

Genes

Chromosomes

Prophase

Nucleotides

Metaphase

Anaphase

Telophase

Describe the steps of DNA replication.


Mitosis
Cytokinesis
Draw and/or label a diagram of mitosis.
Bio 9B: Wednesday, 2.16.11
Title: Quiz – DNA Structure Replication and the Cell Cycle

Homework:


None
Do Now:
 Clear

Double Block
your desks and get ready for the quiz
Today’s Objectives:
 Demonstrate knowledge of DNA and the Cell Cycle on
a quiz
Quiz:
DNA Structure & Replication and the Cell Cycle




No talking
If you have a question or need something from
your bag, please raise your hand and ask
permission
When done, please put your quiz face down on
the kidney table in the appropriate pile (version
A or version B).
No Homework!
Bio 9B: Thursday, 2.16.11
Title: Movie – Dinosaurs: Return to Life
Double Block

Homework:


None: Enjoy Break!
Do Now:
 How
do cells differentiate to become different types of
cells if they all have the same DNA?

Today’s Objectives:

Dinosaurs: Return to Life



Complete the “guided viewing” packet while watching the video.
Write questions down while viewing
We will follow-up with a short discussion after the movie.
Transition to RNA Structure and
Function PowerPoint

..\RNA, Transcription, Translation\PHA_Bio9_RNA_9B.pptx