Turn in your homework! This includes: Chart 6.7
and 6.9 and the two written paragraphs assigned
on Friday!
"Men are not born with hatred in their blood. The
infection is usually acquired by contact; it may be
injected deliberately or even unconsciously by the
parents, or by the teachers... The disease may be
spread throughout the land like the plague, so that a
class, a religion, or a nation will become the victim
of popular hatred without anyone knowing exactly
how it all began; and people will disagree, and even
quarrel among themselves, about the real reason
for its existence; and no one foresees the inevitable
consequences.” - Malcolm Hay
Take out a piece of paper.
Write down whether you agree or disagree and why?
1933-1945
Nazi Control of Germany
Today's Tasks:
1. Review Hitler's rise to power
2. Discuss Hitler's methods of control and the effect it had on
different groups in Germany
Please take out something to write with but keep
your desk clear.
"Millions of Germans are indeed won over by Hitler
and the power and the glory are really his. I hear of
some actions by the Communists... But... Germany
prefers Hitler to the Communists” - University
Lecturer, Germany November 1933
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Today...
Hitler Becomes Dictator
Woo hoo!
WINTER BREAK
IS ALMOST
HERE!
But First...
QUIZ
After turning in your quiz, Please
go get an ipad.
go to my website
ceversasuprep.weebly.com
Please take out your history binder.
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Today...
REVIEW for tomorrow's exam
OBJECTIVES
Postponed: How did Hitler keep power.
Today: Review German Depth Study
content
Ask questions
Discuss effective study techniques
Use page 158-159
REVIEWING WITH RESOURCES
ON THE WEBSITE
With your group... please research
your assigned topic. Prepare to
present it to the rest of the class.
David
Eve
Darnelle
Paul
Milanna
Gabe
Zackery
Ehlers
Valeria
Omar
Leanne
Kieran
Megan
Isaac
Andrew
Jake
Tyrese
Josiah
Diego
Austin
Robert
Myah
Isabelle
Zachery
Smolens
Angie
Zechariah
Schwartz
Mack
The death of
President
Hindenburg
August 1934
Oath of loyalty
to Adolf Hitler
Every soldier swore a personal oath of
loyalty to ADOLF HITLER.
The Nazis Seize Power
1920s economy improved and the Nazis were banned.
Hitler seemed to become democratic and the ban was lifted.
He reorganised the party.
Sections for women and children were established.
His team:
Goebbles. Propaganda
Goring. Second in command
Hess. Hitler’s secretary
Himmler Law and order
Alfred Rosenberg. Party philosopher.
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The Breakthrough
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1928 got only 12 seats.
The Depression struck.
Hitler promised jobs, land to tenants, government contracts to
business and to build up the army.
1932 they had 230 seats out of 650.
Hindenburg didn’t like Hitler but Von Papen and then Von
Schleicher did not have the support of the Reichstag and
eventually had to make Hitler chancellor in 1933.
1933 Election
1933 H called another election
Goring turned 50,000 SA into police and opposition disappeared.
Reichstag fire blamed on a Dutch socialist.
Hindenburg issued an emergency decree and Communists were banned and
jailed.
Did not get an overall majority
March 1933 the Enabling Act allowed Hitler to act without parliament.
All other parties banned.
State governments dismissed and replaced with Reich governers.
The Nazi run Labour Front replaced the trade union movement.
1934 Hindenburg died and H became Fuhrer.
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Rise of the Nazis
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a2YEUhHFMHY&f
eature=fvwrel
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kz2PPNNafP4
The Night of the Long Knives
Rohm in charge of 2 million SA and criticised H for
taking employers side.
30th June 200 killed by the SS led by Himmler.
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How did he keep power?
1) Created a one-party state:
Enabling Act: (March 1933) make laws without consulting
Reichstag
Law against the Formation of Parties (July 1933)
All other parties were banned, and their leaders were put in prison.
Nazi Party members got the best jobs, better houses and special
privileges.
didMaster
he keep power?
Click toHow
edit
title style
2) Terror
Set up the Gestapo (the secret police)
Controlled the SS, police, and courts
Concentration camps set up as soon as he took power
run by "Death's Head" units
Economic fears (“keeping your head down”)
Encouraged Germans to report opponents
Went to great lengths to find out what people were saying
about the regime
“The average worker is
primarily interested in work
and not in democracy.
People who previously
supported democracy now
showed no interest at all in
politics. One must be clear
about the fact that in the
first instance men are
fathers of families and
have jobs, and that for
them politics takes second
place and even then only
when they expect to get
something out of it.” –
German activist, 1936
How did he keep power?
3) Propaganda
Minister for Enlightenment & Propaganda =
"If you tell a lie big enough
and keep
repeating it people will
Dr. Joseph
Goebbels
eventually
come
to believe it. The lie can be maintained only for
Believed
Hitler
= savior.
such time
as theothers
State can shield the people from the political,
mission:
convince
economic and/or military consequences of the lie. It thus
How?
becomes
vitally&important
forbelonging,
the State to use all of its powers to
Bring
excitement
a sense of
repress
dissent,
truth is the mortal enemy of the lie, and
prove
the power
of for
thethe
state
thus by extension,
the truth is the greatest enemy of the State.”
emphasize
order
point out enemies
Example: branded Jews as dirty, deceitful, dangerous people of whom
Germany should be free
Propaganda Examples
Nuremberg Rallies
Huge, torch lit processions w/ bands, flying displays
Took place each summer
Hitler speeches
Propaganda Examples
The Media
NO free expression
Nazi’s controlled it very strictly
Books – Goebbels had to permit. Organized “book-burnings”
Newspapers – no anti-Nazi ideas, very dull
Art – only Nazi approved painters (images = Aryan, heroic looking military
figures or ideal Aryan family)
Movies – ALL had to carry a pro-Nazi message
Posters – proclaimed success of Hitler and attacks on opponents
Music – no Jazz
Radio – Goebbels made cheap so all could hear Nazi message; placed
loudspeakers in streets & bars
“That, too, is an affirmation of the
Führer: that one becomes a radio
listener and can thereby always
be connected to the Führer, and
to the life of his people.”
“The time is yours. What
happens with it depends on
you.”
“The Jew is our misfortune”
“Each German boy and each
German girl must be filled with
the sense of holy duty to
represent our people.”
“Germany. We all stand
under the great command:
Do your duty to serve your
people!” Adolf Hitler.
“Each sin against
racial purity is a sin
against God’s will and
the created order.”
September 1930 Reichstag election. The
caption: “Freedom and Bread.”
Nazi propaganda gave people hope. Nazi racial philosophy
gave people self-belief. Trust in Adolf Hitler gave a sense of
security.
“He is my mother and my father. He keeps me safe from all
harm.” one German woman told the American reporter Nora
Wall
Propaganda Example
Failure
1936 Olympics in Berlin: International propaganda opportunity
Showcase Aryan race superior
Prove that Germany was a modern, civilized, successful nation
Result:
Visitors amazed at scale, facilities & organization
Others appalled by the fanatical devotion & the presence of army and SS
Jesse Owns – 4 gold medals, 11 world records (10 black members of the American team
won 13 medals)
destroyed idea of Aryan superiority
Propaganda Example
Failure
1936 -38 Boxing Championship: Joe Louis vs. Max Schmeling
Hitler will use Max Schmeling as an overseas mouthpiece
After
“When you go to the US, you’re going to obviously be interviewed by people who are thinking that very
bad things are going on in Germany at this moment. You’ll tell them that the situation isn’t as bleak as
first fight, Schmeling became
a hero
they think
it is.” – Hitler to Schmeling
“Schmeling knocks out the Negro. Wonderful… the white man defeats the black man, and the white man
was German!” – Goebbels
The second fight, however, embodied the broader
political and social conflict of the times; Louis was
a focus point for African Am pride in the 1930s,
representing the entire United States against Nazi
Germany. The fight came to symbolize the
struggle between democracy and fascism.
These two fights are among the most talked about
in all of boxing history.
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Food for Thought
In partners, discuss which of the following statements you
most agree with:
Goebbels’ work was more important to Nazi success than
that of Himmler (head of SS)
Himmler’s work was more important to Nazi success than
Goebbels’
The techniques of repression and propaganda go hand in
hand – neither would work without the other
How did he keep power?
4) Education
“Our state is an educational state… It does not let a man go free from
the cradle to the grave. WE begin with the child when he is three years
old. As soon as he begins to think, he is made to carry a little flag.
Then follows school, the Hitler Youth, the storm troops and military
training. We don’t let him go; and when all that is done, comes the
Labour Front, which takes possession of him again, and does not let
him go till he dies, even if he does not like it.” – Dr. Robert Ley, in
charge of making “good citizens” out of German people
How did he keep power?
4) Education
control daily life
put lots of importance on young
reorganized schools to make children loyal
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“It is my great educative work I am beginning with the young. WE older ones are used up..
We are bearing the burden of a humiliating past… But my magnificent youngsters! Are
there finer ones in the world? Look at these young men and boys! What material! With
them I can make a new world!” – Hitler, speaking in 1939
Would learn:
Only German history (stabbed in the back; hardships of 1920s caused by Jews;
make you confident that loyalty to Fuhrer was right & good)
biology = Aryan race superior in intelligence and strength to untermenschen
(sub-human)
Math would reinforce pro-Nazi, anti-semitic views
How did he keep power?
4) Education
Textbooks were rewritten
Wanted young men to believe in values of discipline,
sacrifice, and obedience
All Germans were taught to see him as a father figure
Subjects distorted to indoctrinate pupils
All teachers had to belong to the German Teachers
League
The Jews are aliens in
Germany. In 1933 there were
66 million inhabitants in the
German Reich of whom 499,
862 were Jews. What is the
percentage of aliens in
Germany? – Question in a
math book 1933
“All subjects – German language, History, Geography, Chemistry & Mathematics – must
concentrate on military subjects, the glorifications of military service and of German heroes
& leaders and the strength of a rebuilt Germany. Chemistry will develop a knowledge of
chemical warfare, explosives, etc, while Mathematics will help the young to understand
artillery, calculations and ballistics.” – German newspaper approving of Curriculum
“'When an opponent declares, 'I will not come over to your side', I
calmly say, 'Your child belongs to us already’.” - Hitler
The Nazis replaced anti-Nazi teachers and University professors,
and school lessons included hidden indoctrination - requiring
children to calculate how much mentally disabled people cost the
state, or to criticize the racial features of Jewish people. German
boys were required to attend the Hitler Youth, which mixed exciting
activities, war-games and Nazi indoctrination. German girls went
to the BDM and learned how to be good mothers, and to love
Hitler.
Nazi effect on: Youth
Many young people were happy. Nazi culture was youth-oriented.
Outside of school, young people had to belong to youth organizations (compulsory)
Taught them loyalty to Hitler and trained them in military skills
Provided exciting activities for young boys and treated them as though they were special
physical training (sports & gymnastics)
very harsh
Had Performance Books with marks for athletics, fighting, and camping skills. Could move on to Adolf
Hitler Schools for boys and Order Castles were they tested them to the very limit of endurance. Those
not injured or killed by training graduated at models of Hitler’s youth.
“The weak must be chiseled away. I want young men and women who can suffer
pain. A young German must be a swift as a greyhound, as tough as leather and
as hard as steel.” – Hitler about the HJ
Nazi effect on: Youth
Not all young people were happy with the Nazi regime
Towards the end of the war, youth gang rejected the HJ and enjoyed drinking,
dancing, and American jazz & swing music. In Cologne in 1944, they sheltered
army deserters and even attacked the Gestapo. Those caught, were hung
Many young girls were unhappy with the emphasis on three Cs (church,
children, cook)
Young people were encouraged to notify the Gestapo if their parents or
teachers said anything against the regime.
Nazi effect on: Workforce
For many, life before 1939 would be considered as “happy”
Focused on becoming self-sufficient
Created RAD (Reichsarbeitsdienst): men working on public projects – these programs gave
full employment and pride to many Germans (most work was manual)
Began re-armament:
1935 started compulsory military service (100,000 to over a million)
Thousands given work for creating tools of war
Drop in unemployment was published – however, it did not include Jews & women that had
been forced out of their jobs (figures didn’t tell the whole story)
Controlled free-time & wanted to make sure that those who supported the Nazi’s got all the
benefits
Created Strength through joy program (sports, opera)
Impact of Hitler’s Policies on
Unemployment
How did Hitler put Germany back to work?
Nazi effect on: Women
“Kinder, Kirche, and Kuche.”
The Nazis were very male-dominated and anti-feminist. Nazi philosophy
idealized the role of women as child-bearer and creators of the family.
Law for the Encouragement of Marriage: more money for more children
Women were not allowed to work and were never allowed to serve in the
armed forces
Only thing actively encouraged to was have children.
August 12, Motherhood Cross
Lebensborn “Spring of Life” homes created
Make-up, trousers, hair-dye was not allowed
Nazi effect on: Women
“Kinder, Kirche, and Kuche.”
The key here is to understand that the Nazi state affected
different people in different ways. For the majority of
people, in fact, life was good - that is why they turned a blind
eye to the fact that - for groups which were not accepted by
the Nazi state - life was horrific.
Objectives
Review how Hitler consolidated power
Understand how Germany changed once Hitler became
dictator
Discuss how Nazi ideology was put in to practice & changed the
lives of youth, women, workers, and Jews
Empathize with life under Nazi control, both for those favored and
those unfavored
The headlines say "Jews are our misfortune" and "How the Jew cheats." Germany, 1936
Propaganda
Nuremberg Rallies