HOUSING STOCK, AMENITIES &
ASSETS IN SLUMS - CENSUS 2011
Dr C. CHANDRAMOULI
REGISTRAR GENERAL & CENSUS
COMMISSIONER, INDIA
A Slum in Delhi
Definition of a Slum
A Slum, for the purpose of Census, has been
defined as residential areas where dwellings are
unfit for human habitation by reasons of
dilapidation, overcrowding, faulty arrangements
and design of such buildings, narrowness or faulty
arrangement of street, lack of ventilation, light, or
sanitation facilities or any combination of these
factors which are detrimental to the safety and
health.
Identification of Slums in Census
• For the purpose of Census, slums have been
categorized and defined as of the following three
types:
• Notified Slums
• Recognized Slums
• Identified Slums
Identification of Slums
• Notified Slums
• Recognized Slums
• Identified Slums
All notified areas in a town or city
notified as ‘Slum’ by State, UT
Administration or Local Government
under any Act including a ‘Slum Act’
Identification of Slums
• Notified Slums
• Recognized Slums
• Identified Slums
All areas recognised as ‘Slum’ by State, UT
Administration or Local Government, Housing
and Slum Boards, which may have not been
formally notified as slum under any act
Identification of Slums
• Notified Slums
• Recognized Slums
• Identified Slums
A compact area of at least 300 population or
about 60-70 households of poorly built
congested
tenements,
in
unhygienic
environment
usually
with
inadequate
infrastructure and lacking in proper sanitary and
drinking water facilities (Identified).
Data on Slum from Census
• It is for the first time in Census that datasets on Housing
stock, Amenities and Assets based on the Houselisting
and Housing Census are being released
• In Census 2001, information on Slums were released
only on demographic characteristics based on the
Population Enumeration. For this purpose, Slum Blocks
were identified in Statutory Towns having a population of
20,000 by the local authorities at the time of Population
Enumeration phase
• In Census 2011, Slum Blocks have been delineated in
all statutory towns irrespective of population size.
Census 2011
Results
Towns Reporting Slums
India : Census 2011
• Out of 4,041 Statutory Towns
in Census 2011 Slums
reported from 2,543 Towns
(63%)
• Total Slum Enumeration
Blocks (SEBs) in Census
2011 is about 1.08 lakh in the
country
• Largest number of Slum EBs
reported from Maharashtra
(21,359)
Number of Slum Blocks by Type of
Slums – India : Census 2011
• Notified Slums
37,072
• Recognised Slums
30,846
• Identified Slums
40,309
Total:
1,08,227 Blocks
Households by Type of Slums –
India : Census 2011
• Notified Slums
49.65 lakh HHs
• Recognised Slums
37.96 lakh HHs
• Identified Slums
49.88 lakh HHs
Total:
137.49 lakh HHs
Slum & Non-Slum Households
– India 2011
Indicator
Number of
households
(in lakh)
Total (Urban)
789
Slum
137
Non-Slum
652
Number of households (in %)
Slum
17.4
Non-Slum
82.6
Number of Slum Households in
Million Plus Cities
Indicator
Number
Number of Slum Households (in lakh)
Total (Slum)
137
Slum in Million Plus Cities
52
Slum in other Cities
85
Number of Slum Households (in %)
Slum in Million Plus Cities
38.1
Slum in other Cities
61.9
38 % of the slum households are in 46 Million Plus Cities
Top/Bottom 5 States Reporting
Slum Households
Top 5 States
State
Proportion of Slum
HHs to Urban HHs
(%)
Bottom 5 States
Andhra Pradesh
35.7
Chhattisgarh
31.9
Madhya Pradesh
28.3
Chandigarh#
9.7
Odisha
23.1
Gujarat
6.7
West Bengal
21.9
Jharkhand
5.3
Assam
4.8
Kerala
1.5
State
Proportion of
Slum HHs to
Urban HHs (%)
Percentage
of Slum
HHs to
Total Urban
HHs
Proportion of Slum Households in
Metros - 2011
Million Plus Cities
Proportion of Slum
HHs to Total Urban
HHs (%)
Greater Mumbai (M Corp.)
41.3
Kolkata (M Corp.)
29.6
Chennai (M Corp.)
28.5
Delhi Municipal Corp (U)
14.6
BBMP (M Corp.)
8.5
Million Plus Cities with High Proportion
of Slum HHs (Top 10 only) - 2011
Million Plus Cities
Proportion of Slum HHs to
Total Urban HHs (%)
1. Greater Visakhapatnam M Corp.
44.1
2. Jabalpur Cantt (CB)
43.3
3. Greater Mumbai (M Corp.)
41.3
4. Vijayawada (M Corp.)
40.6
5. Meerut (M Corp.)
40.0
6. Raipur (M Corp.)
39.0
7. Nagpur (M Corp.)
34.3
8. Greater Hyderabad M Corp. (GHMC)
31.9
9. Kota (M Corp.)
31.8
10. Agra (M Corp.)
29.8
Use of Occupied Census Houses
India : 2011
INDIA (Absolute numbers in lakh)
Use of Census House
Urban
Slum
Total Occupies Census Houses
990
160
Residence
761
133
24
3.9
107
10.8
School/College, etc
4
0.5
Hotel/Lodge/Guest House
4
0.4
Hospital/ Dispensary, etc
3
0.3
15
2
6
0.9
59
8
7
1
Residence-cum-other use
Shop/Office
Factory/ Workshop, etc
Place of worship
Other non-residential use
Locked Census Houses
Use of Occupied Census Houses
India : 2011
INDIA (in %)
Use of Census House
Urban
Slum
100.0
100.0
76.9
82.5
2.4
2.4
10.8
6.7
School/College, etc
0.4
0.3
Hotel/Lodge/Guest House
0.4
0.2
Hospital/ Dispensary, etc
0.3
0.2
Factory/ Workshop, etc
1.5
1.2
Place of worship
0.6
0.6
Other non-residential use
6.0
5.1
Locked Census House
0.7
0.6
Total Occupies Census Houses
Residence
Residence-cum-other use
Shop/Office
A Lane in a Slum
Households by Type of Census Houses –
India
HHs (in %)
Type
Urban
Slum
Permanent
84.3
77.7
Semi-permanent
11.6
16.0
Temporary
3.2
5.3
Any other
0.9
1.0
Slum
Households
by Structure
of Census
Houses
(Permanent)
View of a Slum in Delhi
Households by Number of Room – India
HHs (in %)
Number of Room
Urban
Slum
No exclusive room
3.1
4.4
One room
32.1
44.8
Two room
30.6
29.5
Three room
18.4
12.3
Four room
9.3
5.4
Five rooms and above
6.5
3.5
Households by Household Size– India
HHs (in %)
Household Size
Urban
Slum
1 member
3.6
3.7
2 members
9.5
9.5
3 members
15.9
14.9
4 members
26.4
25.1
5 members
18.5
19.4
6 to 8 members
20.6
22.2
5.4
5.2
9 and above members
Households by Number of Married Couples
– India
HHs (in %)
Number of married couples
Urban
Slum
12.7
13.6
1
71.1
72.1
2
12.6
11.3
3
2.8
2.4
4
0.6
0.5
5 and above
0.2
0.1
None
Households by Ownership Status – India
HHs (in %)
Ownership Status of Census House
Urban
Slum
Owned
69.2
70.2
Rented
27.5
26.3
Others
3.3
3.5
Source of Drinking Water – India
HHs (in %)
Source of drinking water
Urban
Slum
70.6
74.0
62.0
65.3
8.6
8.7
6.2
3.0
11.9
12.7
4. Tube well / Borehole
8.9
7.6
5. Other sources
2.5
2.8
1. Tap
From treated source
From untreated source
2. Well
3. Hand pump
Waiting for Water Supply
Location of Drinking Water Source– India
HHs (in %)
Location
Urban
Slum
1. Within premises
71.2
56.7
2. Outside premises
28.8
43.3
Slum HHs by
Location
Drinking Water
Source (Within
premises)
Source of Lighting– India
HHs (in %)
Source of lighting
1. Electricity
Urban
92.7
Slum
90.5
2. Kerosene
6.5
8.2
3. Solar
0.2
0.3
4. Other oil
0.1
0.2
5. Any other
0.2
0.2
6. No lighting
0.3
0.5
Slum HHs by
Fuel Used for
Cooking
(LPG/PNG)
Availability of Bathing Facility within Premises - India
HHs (in %)
Bathing Facility
1. Have facility
(a) Bathroom
(b) Enclosure without roof
2. Does not have facility
Urban
Slum
87.0
81.0
77.5
66.6
9.5
14.5
13.0
19.0
Drainage Connectivity for Waste Water
Outlet– India
HHs (in %)
Drainage connectivity
Urban
Slum
44.5
36.9
2. Open drainage
37.3
44.3
3. No drainage
18.2
18.8
1. Closed drainage
Type of Latrine Facility– India
HHs (in %)
Type of latrine
Urban
Slum
81.4
66.0
72.6
57.7
(b) Pit latrine
7.1
6.2
© Other latrine
1.7
2.2
18.6
34.0
6.0
15.1
12.6
18.9
1. Latrine within the premises
(a) Water closet
2. No latrine within premises
(a) Public latrine
(b) Open
Availability of Kitchen– India
HHs (in %)
Availability of kitchen
Total
1. Cooking inside house:
Urban
Slum
100.0
100.0
95.8
94.1
(a) Has kitchen
77.8
65.3
(b) Does not have kitchen
18.0
28.8
3.7
5.4
(a) Has kitchen
1.6
2.0
(b) Does not have kitchen
2.0
3.4
0.5
0.5
2. Cooking outside house
3. No cooking
Fuel used for Cooking– India
HHs (in %)
Fuel used for cooking
Urban
Slum
20.1
25.8
2. Crop residue
1.4
1.6
3. Cow dung cake
1.7
2.1
4. Coal, Lignite, Charcoal
2.9
3.9
5. Kerosene
7.5
14.0
6. LPG/ PNG
65.0
51.3
7. Electricity
0.1
0.1
8. Biogas
0.4
0.5
9. Any other
0.2
0.3
1. Fire-wood
10. No cooking
0.5
0.5
Households Availing Banking Services–
India
HHs (in %)
Availing Banking Services
Urban
Slum
1. Availing
67.8
53.2
2. Not availing
32.2
46.8
Household Possessing Various Assets –
India
HHs (in %)
Asset
Urban
Slum
1. Radio/Transistor
25.3
18.7
2. Television
76.7
69.6
3. Computer
18.7
10.4
8.3
3.3
10.4
7.1
With Internet
Without Internet
Household Possessing Various Assets–
India
HHs (in %)
Asset
Urban
Slum
82.0
72.7
Landline only
5.9
4.4
Mobile only
64.3
63.5
Both
11.7
4.8
6. Bicycle
41.9
40.2
7. Scooter/Motor Cycle/Moped
35.2
22.0
8. Car/Jeep/Van
9.7
3.6
9. None of the specified assets
7.0
10.7
5. Telephone
63.5% HHs in
Slums in India
has Mobile
Slum HHs
Having None
of the
Specified
Assets
Life in a Slum
Life in a Slum
For more details visit:
censusindia.gov.in
THANK YOU