FINAL S4 STUDY GUIDE
Chapter 22: THE NEW ERA
1. The "welfare capitalism" of the 1920s did NOT provide American workers any
A)
Tangible economic gains.
B)
Real control over their own fates.
C)
Psychological comfort.
D)
Opportunity for organization.
E)
Low labor costs.
Feedback: The "welfare capitalism" of the 1920s did NOT provide American workers any psychological
comfort.
2. The essence of welfare capitalism was
A)
company-provided benefits for workers.
B)
company-provided bonuses for management.
C)
government-provided employment benefits for workers.
D)
government-provided financial aid for troubled industries.
E)
government-provided bonuses for management.
Feedback: The essence of welfare capitalism was company-provided benefits for workers.
3. Which of the following did NOT contribute to the weakness of the organized labor movement in
America in the 1920s?
A)
Hostility of the courts and the Justice Department to union activities
B)
The propaganda promoted by corporate leaders that unionism was un-American
C)
The large numbers of unskilled workers who found no place in the craft orientation of
D)
The strength of corporations
E)
The radical leadership of the AFL
the AFL
Feedback: The radical leadership of the AFL did not contribute to the weakness of the organized labor
movement in America in the 1920s.
4. The "American Plan" was a(n)
A)
Effort to revive patriotism that had flagged after the war.
B)
Effort to convince Americans not to buy products manufactured in other nations.
C)
Crusade for the open shop in American corporations.
D)
Plan to Americanize European immigrants.
E)
Effort to combat communism in America.
Feedback: The "American Plan" was a crusade for the open shop in American corporations.
5. In the 1920s and after, the term "parity" was used to refer to
A)
A fair exchange price for farm crops.
B)
Equal pay for union and nonunion workers.
C)
Equal pay for equal work for males and females.
D)
Equal employment opportunities for black and whites.
E)
Equal pay for blacks and whites.
Feedback: In the 1920s and after, the term "parity" was used to refer to a fair exchange price for farm
crops.
6. Which of the following industries was most closely associated with the rise of consumerism in
America in the 1920s?
A)
Banking
B)
Insurance
C)
Automobiles
D)
fast-food chains
E)
Advertising
Feedback: Advertising was the industry most closely associated with the rise of consumerism in America
in the 1920s.
7. Margaret Sanger was significant to American social and cultural life in the 1920s as a promoter of
A)
Temperance.
B)
The "debunkers."
C)
Progressive education.
D)
Movies.
E)
the birth-control movement.
Feedback: Margaret Sanger was a promoter of birth-control.
8. A principal theme of Sinclair Lewis's novels was
A)
Utopian optimism for the future.
B)
Romantic idealization of the past.
C)
Acceptance of modern American society as the best of all possible worlds.
D)
Contempt for modern American society.
E)
Rejection of the "success ethic."
Feedback: A principal theme of Sinclair Lewis's novels was contempt for modern American society.
9. The Harlem Renaissance referred to
A)
A movement in black literature, art, and music.
B)
The spread of jazz to the cities of the North.
C)
A movement in New York to improve the conditions of recent immigrants to the United
D)
A back-to-Africa movement among black intellectuals who had repudiated American
E)
A time of revitalization of New York politics.
States.
values.
Feedback: The Harlem Renaissance referred to a movement in black literature, art, and music.
10. Four of the following statements accurately describe the "noble experiment" of prohibition. Which is
the exception?
A)
Its enforcement was ludicrously ineffective in some areas.
B)
It stimulated the growth of organized crime.
C)
Begun as a middle-class progressive reform, prohibition was later supported largely by
rural Protestant Americans.
D)
Drinking was associated with the "modern" city.
E)
The Great Depression hindered efforts to repeal prohibition.
Feedback: The Great Depression hindered efforts to repeal prohibition.
11. Which of the following was NOT a provision of the immigration laws passed in 1921 and 1924?
A)
The number of immigrants allowed into the country was reduced.
B)
Restrictions on Japanese, Chinese, and Korean immigration was eased.
C)
The number of immigrants allowed to enter the United States was expressed as quotas
based on a percentage of the number of each national group already in the country at a base year.
D)
The provisions favored immigration from northwestern Europe.
E)
The provisions did not favor eastern Europeans.
Feedback: The easing of restrictions on Japanese, Chinese, and Korean immigration was not a provision
of the immigration laws passed in 1921 and 1924.
12. Which of the following does NOT describe the new Ku Klux Klan (1915)?
A)
It extended its membership outside the old Confederate states.
B)
It confined its activities to protests and symbolism rather than violence.
C)
It extended its attacks to include immigrants, Catholics, and Jews.
D)
It assumed the role of self-appointed guardian of traditional values.
E)
It expanded its membership into industrial cities.
Feedback: The new Ku Klux Klan did not confine its activities to protests and symbolism rather than
violence.
13. A Christian fundamentalist is one who
A)
believes in the fundamental inerrancy of the New Testament.
B)
wishes to base morality on secular rather than religious fundamentals.
C)
accepts the basic or fundamental truths of all the world's religions in the spirit of
ecumenicism.
D)
believes in the basic or fundamental general ideas of the Bible but not in the literal truth
of every statement.
E)
adapts religion to modern science.
Feedback: A Christian fundamentalist is one who believes in the fundamental inerrancy of the New
Testament.
14. John T. Scopes was accused of the "crime" of teaching
A)
the advantages of labor union membership.
B)
that Christianity should dominate America.
C)
that communism had advantages in some societies.
D)
that Darwinian evolution best explains the origins of humans.
E)
effective birth control methods.
Feedback: John T. Scopes was accused of the "crime" of teaching that Darwinian evolution best explains
the origins of humans.
15. The most important problem faced by the Democratic Party in the 1920s was
A)
a serious split between urban and rural wings of the party.
B)
the party was losing its traditional strength in the South.
C)
the fact that recent immigrants no longer tended to support the party.
D)
the restriction of immigration reduced the number of recruits to the party.
E)
Ku Klux Klan members were becoming associated with the party.
Feedback: The most important problem faced by the Democratic Party in the 1920s was a serious split
between urban and rural wings of the party.
Chapter 32: THE AGE OF GLOBALIZATION
1. The Clinton years were a time of
A)
liberal domination of the federal government.
B)
bitter partisan struggles.
C)
conservative control despite a Democratic president.
D)
bipartisan accomplishment in Congress.
E)
liberal domination of the presidency but conservative control of the House and Senate.
Feedback: Because of the political weaknesses of the Clinton administration, his presidency became a
time of unusually fierce partisan struggles.
2. President Clinton's approach to trade was to
A)
create protectionist tariffs through the negotiation of NAFTA.
B)
isolate the United States from the global market as much as possible.
C)
support a global economic perspective and strongly advocate free trade through
documents such as NAFTA.
D)
pursue a moderate course that combined general free trade principles with high tariffs
to protect the most vulnerable American industries.
E)
dismiss the idea of free trade.
Feedback: President Clinton was a committed globalist and supporter of free trade as indicated by his
championing of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA).
3. What major domestic initiative of the first two years of the Clinton administration was a political
failure?
A)
mental health
B)
child welfare
C)
educational improvements
D)
health care reform
E)
workplace equality
Feedback: The Clinton administration's efforts to reform the health-care system became a major
political failure during his first term.
4. By his second term, President Clinton
A)
B)
the budget.
had failed to significantly reduce the budget deficit.
had succeeded in reducing the deficit to some degree, but had not managed to balance
C)
achieved a balanced budget.
D)
achieved the first budget surplus of the twentieth century.
E)
failed to achieve a balanced budget.
Feedback: By 1997, President Clinton produced a balanced budget, and by the end of 1998 the federal
budget was generating its first surplus in thirty years.
5. The efforts to impeach President Clinton
A)
made no progress in either the House or the Senate.
B)
achieved considerable support in both houses but led to no indictments.
C)
were successful.
D)
led the House to indict the president and the Senate to convict him.
E)
led to two indictments in the House but an acquittal in the Senate.
Feedback: In December 1998, the House brought two counts of impeachment against the president, but
the Senate convicted him on neither count.
6. In the presidential election of 2000,
A)
Al Gore won the popular vote.
B)
George W. Bush won the popular vote.
C)
John McCain won the popular vote.
D)
it could not be determined who won the popular vote.
E)
Al Gore won both the popular and electoral vote.
Feedback: In the presidential election of 2000, Al Gore won the popular vote but ultimately lost the
electoral vote.
7. In the election of 2000, the state where the outcome of the voting became most confused was
A)
California.
B)
Texas.
C)
New York.
D)
Florida.
E)
Ohio.
Feedback: The state whose voting results caused the most confusion in the 2000 presidential election
was Florida.
8. The Supreme Court's decision on the presidential election of 2000
A)
was unanimous.
B)
allowed the recounts to continue until the winner of the election could be determined.
C)
argued that the standards for evaluating the disputed ballots were too arbitrary to
withstand constitutional scrutiny.
D)
controversy.
E)
was greeted with nearly unanimous support by an American public that had tired of the
immediately halted the recounts.
Feedback: The Court's decision argued that the standards for evaluating the disputed ballots were too
arbitrary to withstand constitutional scrutiny. The Court was bitterly divided on a 5-4 basis.
9. President George W. Bush
A)
instituted the largest tax cut in American history in his first year in office.
B)
refused to cut taxes even after he promised to do so during the campaign.
C)
increased the income tax but reduced the nation's sales tax.
D)
instituted the largest tax increase in the nation's history.
E)
instituted the second largest tax increase in the nation's history, after his father's.
Feedback: The Bush administration achieved the passage of a $1.35 trillion tax cut, the largest in the
nation's history.
10. The American economy in the period of the late 1980s and early 1990s was characterized by all of
the following EXCEPT
A)
the highest rate of poverty in the post-World War II era.
B)
a decline in the relative importance of heavy manufacturing.
C)
an increase in the number of families needing more than one income to maintain their
desired standard of living.
D)
an unequal distribution of wealth and income, with the middle 40 percent experiencing
a decline in wealth.
E)
the lowest rate of poverty in the post-World War II era.
Feedback: The American economy of the late 1980s and early 1990s was characterized by all of these
answers except the lowest rate of poverty in the post-World War II era.
11. Between 1980 and 1999, The Dow Jones Industrial Average
A)
decreased by more than 25%
B)
remained relatively static.
C)
Increased by more than 100%.
D)
Increased by more than 1000%.
E)
Decreased by more than 50%.
Feedback: In late 1980, the Dow Jones average stood at 1000, but by late 1999 it had increased to over
11,000, an increase of over 1000%.
12. According to the text, one of the primary causes of the economic downturn in 2001 was
A)
The Enron scandal.
B)
The sell-off of "dot.com" stocks.
C)
The growing disparity between rich and poor.
D)
The collapse of the steel industry.
E)
Bush's large tax cuts.
Feedback: According to the text, the dramatic sell-off of technology stocks, or "dot.coms," was a primary
cause of the economic downturn of 2001.
13. Each of the following was a result of the scientific and technological boom of the late twentieth
century EXCEPT
A)
The Internet.
B)
The personal computer.
C)
The Human Genome Project.
D)
The cure for Alzheimer's disease.
E)
Microsoft.
Feedback: Each of these answers was a result of the scientific and technological boom of the late
twentieth century except for a cure for Alzheimer's.
14. during the late twentieth century, the American population
A)
Was growing older.
B)
Was getting younger.
C)
Had a vastly increased birth rate.
D)
Had a birth rate that remained relatively static.
E)
was becoming less diverse.
Feedback: Because of a combination of a declining birth rate and scientific advances that kept people
alive longer, the American population grew significantly older during the late twentieth century.
15. Which of the following best represents the economic status of African Americans by the 1980s?
A)
Despite the efforts of the 1960s, all classes of blacks were falling further behind whites.
B)
Working-class blacks made limited strides and failed to match their white counterparts.
C)
Working-class blacks made significant strides but white-collar options remained closed,
so middle-class blacks made little gain.
D)
1990 census.
Except in the South, average family income for blacks matched that of whites by the
E)
The black middle class made significant gains, but the gap between the black middle
class and underclass was accentuated.
Feedback: By the 1980s, the black middle class had made significant gains, but the gap between this
group and the black underclass became larger.
16. In the early stages of the AIDS epidemic, which of the following groups showed the greatest number
of incidents?
A)
Homosexual men
B)
Homosexual women
C)
Heterosexual men
D)
Heterosexual women
E)
Homosexual men and women
Feedback: During the early years of the AIDS epidemic, homosexual men showed the greatest number of
incidents of the disease.
17. The forces opposed to legalized abortion were generally known as the ____________ movement.
A)
Abstinence
B)
Birthright
C)
baby alive
D)
right-to-life
E)
Pro-choice
Feedback: The forces opposed to legalized abortion were generally known as the right-to-life
movement.
18. The first personal computer was launched by
A)
Apple.
B)
Microsoft.
C)
Hewlitt-Packard.
D)
IBM.
E)
None of the answers are correct.
Feedback: Apple launched the first personal computer, the Apple IIe.
19. The Human Genome Project
A)
Acknowledged that all human genes could not be identified or mapped.
B)
accomplished the identification of all human genes faster than expected.
C)
Accomplished the identification of all human genes slower than expected.
D)
Received no competition in its mission to map all human genes, and thus was able to
complete the project faster because of it.
E)
Made major breakthroughs in the ability to do research on human stem cells without
destroying embryos.
Feedback: The Human Genome Project finished identifying all human genes almost two years faster
than their originally stated goal.
20. What organization was often the target of mass demonstrations, a few of them violent, against
globalization?
A)
WTO
B)
UN
C)
NATO
D)
NAFTA
E)
EU
Feedback: The World Trade Organization was often the target of violent demonstrations by those
opposed to globalization.